Christo Ananth et al. discussed that Live wire with Active Appearance model (AAM) strategy is called Oriented Active Appearance Model (OAAM). The Geodesic Graph-cut calculation creates much better division results than some other completely programmed strategies distinguished in writing in the expressions of exactness and period preparing. This strategy besides viably consolidates the Dynamic Appearance Model, Live Wire and Graph Cut tips to abuse their integral focal points. It comprises of a couple of fundamental parts: model creating, instatement, and depiction. As to the instatement (acknowledgment) part, a pseudo methodology is typically utilized and the real organs are portioned cut essentially by cut by means of the OAAM strategy. The reason with respect to instatement is to give harsh item confinement in addition to shape imperatives for a last GC technique, which frequently will deliver refined outline. The proposed (Fuzzy K-C-Means) procedure offers extended viability and diminished accentuation when stood out together from various strategies. The estimating of picture is assessed by calculating the ability as much as number of units and the time which generally the image takes for making one accentuation. Some different systems were reviewed in addition to great conditions and burdens have been communicated in light of the fact that extraordinary to each. Words which have to do with photograph division are really portrayed close by with other gathering strategies.
Illustration of Medical Image Segmentation based on Clustering Algorithmsrahulmonikasharma
Image segmentation is the most basic and crucial process remembering the true objective to facilitate the characterization and representation of the structure of excitement for medical or basic images. Despite escalated research, segmentation remains a challenging issue because of the differing image content, cluttered objects, occlusion, non-uniform object surface, and different factors. There are numerous calculations and techniques accessible for image segmentation yet at the same time there requirements to build up an efficient, quick technique of medical image segmentation. This paper has focused on K-means and Fuzzy C means clustering algorithm to segment malaria blood samples in more accurate manner.
Possibility fuzzy c means clustering for expression invariant face recognitionIJCI JOURNAL
Face being the most natural method of identification for humans is one of the most significant biometric
modalities and various methods to achieve efficient face recognition have been proposed. However the
changes in face owing to different expressions, pose, makeup, illumination, age bring about marked
variations in the facial image. These changes will inevitably occur and they can be controlled only till a
certain degree beyond which they are bound to happen and will affect the face thereby adversely impacting
the performance of any face recognition system. This paper proposes a strategy to improve the
classification methodology in face recognition by using Possibility Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (PFCM).
This clustering technique was used for face recognition due to its properties like outlier insensitivity which
make it a suitable candidate for use in designing such robust applications.PFCM is a hybridization of
Possibilistic C-Means (PCM) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithms. PFCM is a robust
clustering technique and is especially significant for its noise insensitivity. It has also resolved the
coincident clusters problem which is faced by other clustering techniques. Therefore the technique can also
be used to increase the overall robustness of a face recognition system and thereby increase its invariance
and make it a reliably usable biometric modality.
Geometric Correction for Braille Document Images csandit
Image processing is an important research area in computer vision. clustering is an unsupervised
study. clustering can also be used for image segmentation. there exist so many methods for image
segmentation. image segmentation plays an important role in image analysis.it is one of the first
and the most important tasks in image analysis and computer vision. this proposed system
presents a variation of fuzzy c-means algorithm that provides image clustering. the kernel fuzzy
c-means clustering algorithm (kfcm) is derived from the fuzzy c-means clustering
algorithm(fcm).the kfcm algorithm that provides image clustering and improves accuracy
significantly compared with classical fuzzy c-means algorithm. the new algorithm is called
gaussian kernel based fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (gkfcm)the major characteristic of
gkfcm is the use of a fuzzy clustering approach ,aiming to guarantee noise insensitiveness and
image detail preservation.. the objective of the work is to cluster the low intensity in homogeneity
area from the noisy images, using the clustering method, segmenting that portion separately using
content level set approach. the purpose of designing this system is to produce better segmentation
results for images corrupted by noise, so that it can be useful in various fields like medical image
analysis, such as tumor detection, study of anatomical structure, and treatment planning.
Illustration of Medical Image Segmentation based on Clustering Algorithmsrahulmonikasharma
Image segmentation is the most basic and crucial process remembering the true objective to facilitate the characterization and representation of the structure of excitement for medical or basic images. Despite escalated research, segmentation remains a challenging issue because of the differing image content, cluttered objects, occlusion, non-uniform object surface, and different factors. There are numerous calculations and techniques accessible for image segmentation yet at the same time there requirements to build up an efficient, quick technique of medical image segmentation. This paper has focused on K-means and Fuzzy C means clustering algorithm to segment malaria blood samples in more accurate manner.
Possibility fuzzy c means clustering for expression invariant face recognitionIJCI JOURNAL
Face being the most natural method of identification for humans is one of the most significant biometric
modalities and various methods to achieve efficient face recognition have been proposed. However the
changes in face owing to different expressions, pose, makeup, illumination, age bring about marked
variations in the facial image. These changes will inevitably occur and they can be controlled only till a
certain degree beyond which they are bound to happen and will affect the face thereby adversely impacting
the performance of any face recognition system. This paper proposes a strategy to improve the
classification methodology in face recognition by using Possibility Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (PFCM).
This clustering technique was used for face recognition due to its properties like outlier insensitivity which
make it a suitable candidate for use in designing such robust applications.PFCM is a hybridization of
Possibilistic C-Means (PCM) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithms. PFCM is a robust
clustering technique and is especially significant for its noise insensitivity. It has also resolved the
coincident clusters problem which is faced by other clustering techniques. Therefore the technique can also
be used to increase the overall robustness of a face recognition system and thereby increase its invariance
and make it a reliably usable biometric modality.
Geometric Correction for Braille Document Images csandit
Image processing is an important research area in computer vision. clustering is an unsupervised
study. clustering can also be used for image segmentation. there exist so many methods for image
segmentation. image segmentation plays an important role in image analysis.it is one of the first
and the most important tasks in image analysis and computer vision. this proposed system
presents a variation of fuzzy c-means algorithm that provides image clustering. the kernel fuzzy
c-means clustering algorithm (kfcm) is derived from the fuzzy c-means clustering
algorithm(fcm).the kfcm algorithm that provides image clustering and improves accuracy
significantly compared with classical fuzzy c-means algorithm. the new algorithm is called
gaussian kernel based fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (gkfcm)the major characteristic of
gkfcm is the use of a fuzzy clustering approach ,aiming to guarantee noise insensitiveness and
image detail preservation.. the objective of the work is to cluster the low intensity in homogeneity
area from the noisy images, using the clustering method, segmenting that portion separately using
content level set approach. the purpose of designing this system is to produce better segmentation
results for images corrupted by noise, so that it can be useful in various fields like medical image
analysis, such as tumor detection, study of anatomical structure, and treatment planning.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A NOVEL SCHEME FOR ACCURATE REMAINING USEFUL LIFE PREDICTION FOR INDUSTRIAL I...ijaia
In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, measuring and ensuring the reliability, efficiency and safety of the industrial systems and components are one of the uppermost key concern. In addition, predicting performance degradation or remaining useful life (RUL) of an equipment over time based on its historical sensor data enables companies to greatly reduce their maintenance cost. In this way, companies can prevent costly unexpected breakdown and become more profitable and competitive in the marketplace. This paper introduces a deep learning-based method by combining CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)neural networks to predict RUL for industrial equipment. The proposed method does not depend upon any degradation trend assumptions and it can learn complex temporal representative and distinguishing patterns in the sensor data. In order to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method, we evaluated it on two different experiment: RUL estimation and predicting the status of the IoT devices in 2-week period. Experiments are conducted on a publicly available NASA’s turbo fan-engine dataset. Based on the experiment results, the deep learning-based approach achieved high prediction accuracy. Moreover, the results show that the method outperforms standard well-accepted machine learning algorithms and accomplishes competitive performance when compared to the state-of-the art methods
Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentationijtsrd
In the division of PC vision pictures, Super pixels are go probably as key part from 10 years prior. There are various counts and methodology to separate the Super pixels anyway whole all of them the best super pixel looking at strategy is Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC have come to pivot continuously recently. The concentrating of small scale group quality verbalization from MRI imaging is more useful to perceive tumors or some other dangerous development contaminations, so the fundamental DNA cDNA microarray is a grounded device for analyzing the same. The division of microarray pictures is the essential development in a microarray assessment. In this paper, we proposed a figuring to dividing the cDNA small show picture using Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC based Self Organizing Maps SOM method. In any case, the proposed figuring is taken up a moving task to look at the bad quality of pictures in addition. There are two phases to separate the image, introductory, a pre setting up the applied picture to diminish fuss levels and second, to piece the image using SLIC based SOM approach. Mr. Davu Manikanta | Mr. Parasurama N | K Keerthi "Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46274.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/46274/utilization-of-super-pixel-based-microarray-image-segmentation/mr-davu-manikanta
Hybrid Approach for Brain Tumour Detection in Image Segmentationijtsrd
In this paper we have considered illustrating a few techniques. But the numbers of techniques are so large they cannot be all addressed. Image segmentation forms the basics of pattern recognition and scene analysis problems. The segmentation techniques are numerous in number but the choice of one technique over the other depends only on the application or requirements of the problem that is being considered. Analysis of cluster is a descriptive assignment that perceive homogenous group of objects and it is also one of the fundamental analytical method in facts mining. The main idea of this is to present facts about brain tumour detection system and various data mining methods used in this system. This is focuses on scalable data systems, which include a set of tools and mechanisms to load, extract, and improve disparate data power to perform complex transformations and analysis will be measured between the way of measuring the Furrier and Wavelet Transform distance. Sandeep | Jyoti Kataria "Hybrid Approach for Brain Tumour Detection in Image Segmentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33409.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/33409/hybrid-approach-for-brain-tumour-detection-in-image-segmentation/sandeep
A Novel Feature Selection with Annealing For Computer Vision And Big Data Lea...theijes
Numerous PC vision and medical imaging issues a confronted with gaining from expansive scale datasets, with a huge number of perceptions furthermore, highlights.A novel productive learning plan that fixes a sparsity imperative by continuously expelling variables taking into account a measure and a timetable. The alluring actuality that the issue size continues dropping all through the cycles makes it especially reasonable for enormous information learning. Methodology applies nonexclusively to the advancement of any differentiable misfortune capacity, and discovers applications in relapse, order and positioning. The resultant calculations assemble variable screening into estimation and are amazingly easy to execute. It gives hypothetical assurances of joining and determination consistency. Investigates genuine and engineered information demonstrate that the proposed strategy contrasts exceptionally well and other cutting edge strategies in relapse, order and positioning while being computationally exceptionally effective and adaptable.
The determination of Region-of-Interest has been recognised as an important means by which
unimportant image content can be identified and excluded during image compression or image
modelling, however existing Region-of-Interest detection methods are computationally
expensive thus are mostly unsuitable for managing large number of images and the compression
of images especially for real-time video applications. This paper therefore proposes an
unsupervised algorithm that takes advantage of the high computation speed being offered by
Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) and Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) to
achieve fast and efficient Region-of-Interest detection.
Enhancing Segmentation Approaches from GC-GGC to Fuzzy K-C-MeansChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth et al. discussed that Tumor segmentation required also the identical automatic initialization as regarding the liver. This phase was applied only in order to liver volume, obtained following automatic delineation of lean meats surface: this latter, used to original dataset quantity, was used as a new mask in order to be able to prevent processing overloads and even avoid errors related to be able to arsenic intoxication surrounding tissues delivering similar gray scale droit. In addition, for this particular purpose, the voxels from the intensity range domain had been removed from the segmented liver volume. This alternative allowed the correct id of liver respect to be able to other organs, optimizing the particular calculation resources and growing the tumor segmentation precision. This work has regarding the most part focused consideration around Clustering approaches, particularly k-implies what's extra, fluffy c-implies grouping measurements. These calculations were signed up with together to concoct one other technique called fluffy k-c-implies bunching calculation, which features a superior outcome mainly because far as time use. The calculations have recently been actualized and tried together with Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) pictures of Human cerebrum. The proposed strategy provides expanded effectiveness and reduced emphasis when contrasted using different techniques. The characteristics of picture is considered by figuring the skills as far as range of rounds plus the moment which the picture will take to make one concentration.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A NOVEL SCHEME FOR ACCURATE REMAINING USEFUL LIFE PREDICTION FOR INDUSTRIAL I...ijaia
In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, measuring and ensuring the reliability, efficiency and safety of the industrial systems and components are one of the uppermost key concern. In addition, predicting performance degradation or remaining useful life (RUL) of an equipment over time based on its historical sensor data enables companies to greatly reduce their maintenance cost. In this way, companies can prevent costly unexpected breakdown and become more profitable and competitive in the marketplace. This paper introduces a deep learning-based method by combining CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)neural networks to predict RUL for industrial equipment. The proposed method does not depend upon any degradation trend assumptions and it can learn complex temporal representative and distinguishing patterns in the sensor data. In order to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method, we evaluated it on two different experiment: RUL estimation and predicting the status of the IoT devices in 2-week period. Experiments are conducted on a publicly available NASA’s turbo fan-engine dataset. Based on the experiment results, the deep learning-based approach achieved high prediction accuracy. Moreover, the results show that the method outperforms standard well-accepted machine learning algorithms and accomplishes competitive performance when compared to the state-of-the art methods
Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentationijtsrd
In the division of PC vision pictures, Super pixels are go probably as key part from 10 years prior. There are various counts and methodology to separate the Super pixels anyway whole all of them the best super pixel looking at strategy is Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC have come to pivot continuously recently. The concentrating of small scale group quality verbalization from MRI imaging is more useful to perceive tumors or some other dangerous development contaminations, so the fundamental DNA cDNA microarray is a grounded device for analyzing the same. The division of microarray pictures is the essential development in a microarray assessment. In this paper, we proposed a figuring to dividing the cDNA small show picture using Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC based Self Organizing Maps SOM method. In any case, the proposed figuring is taken up a moving task to look at the bad quality of pictures in addition. There are two phases to separate the image, introductory, a pre setting up the applied picture to diminish fuss levels and second, to piece the image using SLIC based SOM approach. Mr. Davu Manikanta | Mr. Parasurama N | K Keerthi "Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46274.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/46274/utilization-of-super-pixel-based-microarray-image-segmentation/mr-davu-manikanta
Hybrid Approach for Brain Tumour Detection in Image Segmentationijtsrd
In this paper we have considered illustrating a few techniques. But the numbers of techniques are so large they cannot be all addressed. Image segmentation forms the basics of pattern recognition and scene analysis problems. The segmentation techniques are numerous in number but the choice of one technique over the other depends only on the application or requirements of the problem that is being considered. Analysis of cluster is a descriptive assignment that perceive homogenous group of objects and it is also one of the fundamental analytical method in facts mining. The main idea of this is to present facts about brain tumour detection system and various data mining methods used in this system. This is focuses on scalable data systems, which include a set of tools and mechanisms to load, extract, and improve disparate data power to perform complex transformations and analysis will be measured between the way of measuring the Furrier and Wavelet Transform distance. Sandeep | Jyoti Kataria "Hybrid Approach for Brain Tumour Detection in Image Segmentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33409.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/33409/hybrid-approach-for-brain-tumour-detection-in-image-segmentation/sandeep
A Novel Feature Selection with Annealing For Computer Vision And Big Data Lea...theijes
Numerous PC vision and medical imaging issues a confronted with gaining from expansive scale datasets, with a huge number of perceptions furthermore, highlights.A novel productive learning plan that fixes a sparsity imperative by continuously expelling variables taking into account a measure and a timetable. The alluring actuality that the issue size continues dropping all through the cycles makes it especially reasonable for enormous information learning. Methodology applies nonexclusively to the advancement of any differentiable misfortune capacity, and discovers applications in relapse, order and positioning. The resultant calculations assemble variable screening into estimation and are amazingly easy to execute. It gives hypothetical assurances of joining and determination consistency. Investigates genuine and engineered information demonstrate that the proposed strategy contrasts exceptionally well and other cutting edge strategies in relapse, order and positioning while being computationally exceptionally effective and adaptable.
The determination of Region-of-Interest has been recognised as an important means by which
unimportant image content can be identified and excluded during image compression or image
modelling, however existing Region-of-Interest detection methods are computationally
expensive thus are mostly unsuitable for managing large number of images and the compression
of images especially for real-time video applications. This paper therefore proposes an
unsupervised algorithm that takes advantage of the high computation speed being offered by
Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) and Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) to
achieve fast and efficient Region-of-Interest detection.
Enhancing Segmentation Approaches from GC-GGC to Fuzzy K-C-MeansChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth et al. discussed that Tumor segmentation required also the identical automatic initialization as regarding the liver. This phase was applied only in order to liver volume, obtained following automatic delineation of lean meats surface: this latter, used to original dataset quantity, was used as a new mask in order to be able to prevent processing overloads and even avoid errors related to be able to arsenic intoxication surrounding tissues delivering similar gray scale droit. In addition, for this particular purpose, the voxels from the intensity range domain had been removed from the segmented liver volume. This alternative allowed the correct id of liver respect to be able to other organs, optimizing the particular calculation resources and growing the tumor segmentation precision. This work has regarding the most part focused consideration around Clustering approaches, particularly k-implies what's extra, fluffy c-implies grouping measurements. These calculations were signed up with together to concoct one other technique called fluffy k-c-implies bunching calculation, which features a superior outcome mainly because far as time use. The calculations have recently been actualized and tried together with Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) pictures of Human cerebrum. The proposed strategy provides expanded effectiveness and reduced emphasis when contrasted using different techniques. The characteristics of picture is considered by figuring the skills as far as range of rounds plus the moment which the picture will take to make one concentration.
Customer relationship management (CRM) is an important element in all forms of industry. This process involves ensuring that the customers of a business are satisfied with the product or services that they are paying for. Since most businesses collect and store large volumes of data about their customers; it is easy for the data analysts to use that data and perform predictive analysis. One aspect of this includes customer retention and customer churn. Customer churn is defined as the concept of understanding whether or not a customer of the company will stop using the product or service in future. In this paper a supervised machine learning algorithm has been implemented using Python to perform customer churn analysis on a given data-set of Telco, a mobile telecommunication company. This is achieved by building a decision tree model based on historical data provided by the company on the platform of Kaggle. This report also investigates the utility of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) library in the gradient boosting framework (XGB) of Python for its portable and flexible functionality which can be used to solve many data science related problems highly efficiently. The implementation result shows the accuracy is comparatively improved in XGBoost than other learning models.
Review paper on segmentation methods for multiobject feature extractioneSAT Journals
Abstract Feature extraction and representation plays a vital role in multimedia processing. It is still a challenge in computer vision system to extract ideal features that represents intrinsic characteristics of an image. Multiobject feature extraction system means a system that can extract features and locations of multiple objects in an image. In this paper we have discuss various methods to extract location and features of multiple objects and describe a system that can extract locations and features of multiple objects in an image by implementing an algorithm as hardware logic on a field-programmable gate array-based platform. There are many multiobject extraction methods which can be use for image segmentation based on motion, color intensity and texture. By calculating zeroth and first order moments of objects it is possible to obtain locations and sizes of multiple objects in an image. Keywords: multiobject extraction, image segmentation
Call for Papers - Journal of Electrical Systems (JES), E-ISSN: 1112-5209, ind...Christo Ananth
At the forefront of technological innovation and scholarly discourse, the Journal of Electrical Systems (JES) is a peer-reviewed publication dedicated to advancing the understanding and application of electrical systems, communication systems and information science. With a commitment to excellence, we provide a platform for researchers, academics, and professionals to contribute to the ever-evolving field of electrical engineering, communication technology and Information Systems.
The mission of JES is to foster the exchange of knowledge and ideas in electrical and communication systems, promoting cutting-edge research and facilitating discussions that drive progress in the field. We aim to be a beacon for those seeking to explore, challenge, and revolutionize the way we harness, distribute, and utilize electrical energy and information systems..
Call for Papers - Utilitas Mathematica, E-ISSN: 0315-3681, indexed in ScopusChristo Ananth
Utilitas Mathematica Journal is a broad scope journal that publishes original research and review articles on all aspects of both pure and applied mathematics. This journal is the official publication of the Utilitas Mathematica Academy, Canada. It enjoys good reputation and popularity at international level in terms of research papers and distribution worldwide. Offers selected original research in Pure and Applied Mathematics and Statistics. UMJ coverage extends to Operations Research, Mathematical Economics, Mathematics Biology and Computer Science. Published in association with the Utilitas Mathematica Academy. The leadership of the Utilitas Mathematica Journal commits to strengthening our professional community by making it more just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive. We affirm that our mission, Promote the Practice and Profession of Statistics, can be realized only by fully embracing justice, equity, diversity, and inclusivity in all of our operations. Individuals embody many traits, so the leadership will work with the members of UMJ to create and sustain responsive, flourishing, and safe environments that support individual needs, stimulate intellectual growth, and promote professional advancement for all
Call for Chapters- Edited Book: Quantum Networks and Their Applications in AI...Christo Ananth
The research on Quantum Networked Artificial Intelligence is at the intersection of Quantum Information Science (QIS), Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing, Computational Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Optimization, Etc. It Touches On Many Important Parts Of Near-Term Quantum Computing And Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) Devices. The research on quantum artificial intelligence is grounded in theories, modelling, and significant studies on hybrid classical-quantum algorithms using classical simulations, IBM Q services, PennyLane, Google Cirq, D-Wave quantum annealer etc. So far, the research on quantum artificial intelligence has given us the building blocks to achieve quantum advantage to solve problems in combinatorial optimization, soft computing, deep learning, and machine learning much faster than traditional classical computing. Solving these problems is important for making quantum computing useful for noise-resistant large-scale applications. This makes it much easier to see the big picture and helps with cutting-edge research across the quantum stack, making it an important part of any QIS effort. Researchers — almost daily — are making advances in the engineering and scientific challenges to create practical quantum networks powered with artificial intelligence
Call for Chapters- Edited Book: Real World Challenges in Quantum Electronics ...Christo Ananth
Most experts would consider this the biggest challenge. Quantum computers are extremely sensitive to noise and errors caused by interactions with their environment. This can cause errors to accumulate and degrade the quality of computation. Developing reliable error correction techniques is therefore essential for building practical quantum computers. While quantum computers have shown impressive performance for some tasks, they are still relatively small compared to classical computers. Scaling up quantum computers to hundreds or thousands of qubits while maintaining high levels of coherence and low error rates remains a major challenge. Developing high-quality quantum hardware, such as qubits and control electronics, is a major challenge. There are many different qubit technologies, each with its own strengths and weaknesses, and developing a scalable, fault-tolerant qubit technology is a major focus of research. Funding agencies, such as government agencies, are rising to the occasion to invest in tackling these quantum computing challenges. Researchers — almost daily — are making advances in the engineering and scientific challenges to create practical quantum computers
Call for Chapters- Edited Book: Real-World Applications of Quantum Computers ...Christo Ananth
It is no surprise that Quantum Computing will prove to be a big change for the world. The practical examples of quantum computing can prove to be a good substitute for traditional computing methods. Quantum computing can be applied to many concepts in today’s era when technology has grown by leaps and bounds. It has a wide beach of applications ranging from Cryptography, Climate Change and Weather Forecasting, Drug Development and Discovery, Financial Modeling, Artificial Intelligence, etc. Giant firms have already begun the process of quantum computing in the field of artificial intelligence. The search algorithms of today are mostly designed according to classical computing methods. While Comparing Quantum Computers with Data Mining with Other Counterpart Systems, we are able to understand its significance thereby applying new techniques to obtain new real-time results and solutions
Call for Papers- Thematic Issue: Food, Drug and Energy Production, PERIÓDICO ...Christo Ananth
Published since 2004, Periódico Tchê Química (PQT) is a is a triannual (published every four months), international, fully peer-reviewed, and open-access Journal that welcomes high-quality theoretically informed publications in the multi and interdisciplinary fields of Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Pharmacy, Medicine, Engineering, Agriculture and Education in Science.
Researchers from all countries are invited to publish on its pages. The Journal is committed to achieving a broad international appeal, attracting contributions, and addressing issues from a range of disciplines. The Periódico Tchê Química is a double-blind peer-review journal dedicated to express views on the covered topics, thereby generating a cross current of ideas on emerging matters
Call for Papers - PROCEEDINGS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES, P-ISSN-2620-2832, E-IS...Christo Ananth
Proceedings on Engineering Sciences examines new research and development at the engineering. It provides a common forum for both front line engineering as well as pioneering academic research. The journal's multidisciplinary approach draws from such fields as Automation, Automotive engineering, Business, Chemical engineering, Civil engineering, Control and system engineering, Electrical and electronic engineering, Electronics, Environmental engineering, Industrial and manufacturing engineering, Industrial management, Information and communication technology, Management and Accounting, Management and quality studies, Management Science and Operations Research, Materials engineering, Mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Mining and energy, Safety, Risk, Reliability, and Quality, Software engineering, Surveying and transport, Architecture and urban engineering.
Call for Papers - Onkologia i Radioterapia, P-ISSN-1896-8961, E-ISSN 2449-916...Christo Ananth
Onkologia I Radioterapia is an international peer reviewed journal which publishes on both clinical and pre-clinical research related to cancer. Journal also provide latest information in field of oncology and radiotherapy to both clinical practitioner as well as basic researchers. Submission for publication can be submitted through online submission, Editorial manager system, or through email as attachment to journal office. For any issue, journal office can be contacted through email or phone for instatnt resolution of issue. Onkologia I Radioterapia is a peer-reviewed scopus indexed medical journal publishing original scientific (experimental, clinical, laboratory), review and case studies (case report) in the field of oncology and radiotherapy. In addition, publishes letters to the Editorial Board, reports on scientific conferences, book reviews, as well as announcements about planned congresses and scientific congresses. Oncology and Radiotherapy appear four times a year. All articles published with www.itmedical.pl and www.medicalproject.com.pl is now available on our new website
Call for Papers - Journal of Indian School of Political Economy, E-ISSN 0971-...Christo Ananth
The journal is published every quarter and contains 200 pages in each issue. It is devoted to the study of Indian economy, polity and society. Research papers, review articles, book reviews are published in the journal. All research papers published in the journal are subject to an intensive refereeing process. Each issue of the journal also includes a section on documentation, which reproduces extensive excerpts of relevant reports of committees, working groups, task forces, etc., which may not be readily accessible, official documents compiled from scattered electronic and/or other sources and statistical supplement for ready reference of the readers. It is now in its nineteenth year of publication. So far, five special issues have been brought out, namely: (i) The Scheduled Castes: An Inter-Regional Perspective, (ii) Political Parties and Elections in Indian States : 1990-2003, (iii) Child Labour, (iv) World Trade Organisation Agreements, and (v) Basel-II and Indian Banks
Call for Papers - Journal of Ecohumanism (JoE), ISSN (Print): 2752-6798, ISSN...Christo Ananth
Journal of Ecohumanism is an Open Access international peer-reviewed journal for scholars, researchers, and students who are interested in the fields of Environmental Humanities, Ecohumanism, Ecology, Literary Theory and Cultural Criticism, Economic and Business Studies, Law and Legal Studies in a broad interdisciplinary field of Social Sciences and Humanities. Journal of Ecohumanism is an Open Access peer reviewed journal, allowing users to freely access, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to full-text articles for any lawful purpose without requiring permission from the publisher or author. JoE follows a strict double, blind review policy for all the submissions which is embedded in our general publication ethics and supported by rigorous academic scrutiny of papers published. Materials published in the journal do not necessarily represent the views of its editorial board and reviewers
Call for Papers- Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, a...Christo Ananth
JoWUA is an online peer-reviewed journal and aims to provide an international forum for researchers, professionals, and industrial practitioners on all topics related to wireless mobile networks, ubiquitous computing, and their dependable applications. JoWUA consists of high-quality technical manuscripts on advances in the state-of-the-art of wireless mobile networks, ubiquitous computing, and their dependable applications; both theoretical approaches and practical approaches are encouraged to submit. All published articles in JoWUA are freely accessible in this website because it is an open access journal. JoWUA has four issues (March, June, September, December) per year with special issues covering specific research areas by guest editors. The editorial board of JoWUA makes an effort for the increase in the quality of accepted articles compared to other competing journals
Call for Papers - International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applicatio...Christo Ananth
International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering (IJISAE) is an international and interdisciplinary journal for both invited and contributed peer reviewed articles that intelligent systems and applications in engineering at all levels. The journal publishes a broad range of papers covering theory and practice in order to facilitate future efforts of individuals and groups involved in the field. IJISAE, a peer-reviewed double-blind refereed journal, publishes original papers featuring innovative and practical technologies related to the design and development of intelligent systems in engineering. Its coverage also includes papers on intelligent systems applications in areas such as nanotechnology, renewable energy, medicine engineering, Aeronautics and Astronautics, mechatronics, industrial manufacturing, bioengineering, agriculture, services, intelligence based automation and appliances, medical robots and robotic rehabilitations, space exploration and etc.
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainable So...Christo Ananth
Energy Systems Modelling is growing in relevance on providing insights and strategies to plan a carbon-neutral future. The implementation of an effective energy transition plan faces multiple challenges, spanning from the integration of the operations of different energy carriers and sectors to the consideration of multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. Demand-side management has to be applied to multi-carrier energy system models lacks; prosumers is explored only in a limited manner; In General, multi-scale modelling frameworks should be established and considered both in the dimensions of time, space, technology and energy carrier; long term energy system models tend to address uncertainty scarcely; there is a lack of studies modelling uncertainties related to emerging technologies and; modelling of energy consumer behaviour is one of the major aspect of future research. The increased pressure in decarbonizing the energy system has renewed the interest in energy system modelling, with several reviews trying to convey a comprehensive description of the utilized methodologies as well as providing new insights on how they can be used to answer new questions
Call for Papers - Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, E-ISSN: 21...Christo Ananth
The Educational Administration: Theory and Practice publishes prominent empirical and conceptual articles focused on timely and critical leadership and policy issues of educational organizations. The journal embraces traditional and emergent research paradigms, methods, and issues. The journal particularly promotes the publication of rigorous and relevant scholarly work that enhances linkages among and utility for educational policy, practice, and research arenas.
The goal of the editorial team and the journal’s editorial board is to promote sound scholarship and a clear and continuing dialogue among scholars and practitioners from a broad spectrum of education. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice presents prominent empirical and conceptual articles focused on timely and critical leadership and policy issues facing educational organizations. As an editorial team, we embrace traditional and emergent theoretical frameworks, research methods, and topics. We particularly promote the publication of rigorous and relevant scholarly work with utility for educational policy, practice, and research.
The journal’s primary focus is on studies of educational leadership, organizations, leadership development, and policy as they relate to elementary and secondary levels of education. Examinations of leadership and policy that fall outside K-12 are considered insofar as there are meaningful connections to the K-12 arena (e.g., college pipeline). International comparative investigations are welcome to the extent they have implications for a broad audience.s.
Bharatiya Shiksha Shodh Patrika is a half yearly refereed UGC care listed journal of Social Sciences Journal of Education. It is a bilingual (Hindi and English) Journal being published regularly since 1982 by Bharatiya Shiksha Shodh Sansthan, Saraswatikunj, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bharatiya Shiksha Shodh Sansthan is an apex Research Institute of Vidya Bharti. The objective of this Journal is to provide an academic forum for Teachers, Teacher Educators, Research Scholars, Policy Makers. Administrators, other Research Workers to encourage original and critical thinking in the field of Education and allied disciplines through presentation of novel ideas, critical appraisal of contemporary educational problems and views and experiences on improved educational practices. However, articles from other disciplines related to contemporary educational issues of relevance may be accepted for publication subject to the approval of the Review Committee.
Call for Papers - African Journal of Biological Sciences, E-ISSN: 2663-2187, ...Christo Ananth
African Journal of Biological Sciences is an International peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of Biological Sciences. It operates a fully open access publishing model which allows open global access to its published content. This model is supported through Article Processing Charges. For more information on Article Processing charges click here. Its scope embraces Animal Sciences, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Botany, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Ethno Medicine, Food Science, Freshwater Biology, Genetics, Immunology, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Plant Sciences, Structural Biology,Toxicology,Zoology etc.
It is essential that authors prepare their manuscripts according to established specifications. Failure to follow them may result in papers being delayed or rejected. Therefore, contributors are strongly encouraged to read the author guidelines carefully before preparing a manuscript for submission. The manuscripts should be checked carefully for grammatical, punctuation errors. All papers are subjected to peer review. All articles published in this journal represent the opinion of the authors and not reflect the official policy of the Journal of African Journal of Biological Sciences
Wind Energy Harvesting: Technological Advances and Environmental ImpactsChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Rajini K R Karduri, "Wind Energy Harvesting: Technological Advances
and Environmental Impacts", International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 6,Issue 2,February 2020,pp:77-84
Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities and Challenges for a Sustainable FutureChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Rajini K R Karduri, "Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities and Challenges
for a Sustainable Future", International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 6,Issue 2,February 2020,pp:69-76
The Economics of Transitioning to Renewable Energy SourcesChristo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Rajini K R Karduri, "The Economics of Transitioning to Renewable Energy Sources", International Journal of Advanced Research in Basic Engineering Sciences and Technology (IJARBEST), Volume 6,Issue 2,February 2020,pp:61-68
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
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It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Enhancing Segmentation Approaches from Oaam to Fuzzy K-C-Means
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Enhancing Segmentation Approaches from Oaam to Fuzzy K-C-Means
CHRISTO ANANTH
1
AND RUCHIN JAIN
2
1
Electronics and Communication Engineering, St.Mother Theresa Engineering College, Thoothukudi,
India.
2
College of Computer Studies, AMA International University, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Abstract.
Live wire with Active Appearance model (AAM) strategy is called Oriented Active Appearance Model
(OAAM). The Geodesic Graph-cut calculation creates much better division results than some other
completely programmed strategies distinguished in writing in the expressions of exactness and period
preparing. This strategy besides viably consolidates the Dynamic Appearance Model, Live Wire and Graph
Cut tips to abuse their integral focal points. It comprises of a couple of fundamental parts: model creating,
instatement, and depiction. As to the instatement (acknowledgment) part, a pseudo methodology is
typically utilized and the real organs are portioned cut essentially by cut by means of the OAAM strategy.
The reason with respect to instatement is to give harsh item confinement in addition to shape imperatives
for a last GC technique, which frequently will deliver refined outline. The proposed (Fuzzy K-C-Means)
procedure offers extended viability and diminished accentuation when stood out together from various
strategies. The estimating of picture is assessed by calculating the ability as much as number of units and
the time which generally the image takes for making one accentuation. Some different systems were
reviewed in addition to great conditions and burdens have been communicated in light of the fact that
extraordinary to each. Words which have to do with photograph division are really portrayed close by with
other gathering strategies.
Keywords. Active Appearance Model (AAM), Oriented Active Appearance Model (OAAM), Fuzzy-K-
C-Means Segmentation Method.
Received: 16 April 2020
Accepted: 15 May 2020
DOI: 10.36872/LEPI/V51I2/301159
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INTRODUCTION
Commonly the limit based division procedures have two explicit points:
1. To give as full a control as attainable to the client for the division procedure while this will be executed
and
2. To diminish the client association.
The absolute client's time required for division, without trading off the exact and precision of division.
This strategy in these limit based division strategies has just been to effectively abuse regularly the prevalent
capacities of individual administrators (contrasted with PC framework calculations) in object recognizable proof
and the predominant abilities of PC calculations (contrasted with human administrators) In object depiction.
Falcao and even Udupa built up a method that decides object fringe data from symmetrical bits of the
volume fragmented just by a client. This methodology permits you section a type of negligible number of pieces,
diminishing the complete division time. The client guided 2-D division strategy permits regularly the client to
choose a couple of seed focuses. After variety, Live Wire is used so as to produce an underlying system after
which "spokes. " Following the spokes are found, a hole filling equation is utilized to shut everything down space
between spokes.
The Live Wire approach stands apart among the specific class of client intelligent picture division
devices. The end client clicks by utilizing an edge in regards to the item along with the mouse button,
characterizing a "seed point". The client then developments the cursor to a couple of other segment of the specific
item's edge. The - pixel that lies under the specific cursor is known as the specific "free point". As commonly the
free point moves, the wire interfacing the seed beginning stage and the thoroughly free point consequently snaps
so as to the edge.
As the equation does huge electronic division (by snapping to have the option to the edge), the end client
keeps up unlimited authority inside that they may alter the specific area of the no cost pixel if the recipe doesn't
locate the specific right limit. The Are living Wire has demonstrated to have the option to be incredibly and will
be broadly utilized in light of the fact that related with its serious extent related with client intelligence. This is
fundamentally on the grounds that programmed division is by and by an unsolved issue in addition to numerous
datasets still interest master information from shoppers.
A downside of this strategy is that the speed including ideal way calculation will rely upon on picture
size. Upon unassumingly fueled PCs, as to pictures of even straightforward size, some languor appears in client
cooperation, which frequently diminishes the total division efficiency. In this work, this sort of issue is fathomed
just by misusing some known characteristics of charts to forestall superfluous least cost way estimation during
division. Client controlled division ideal models, alluded so as to as live wire and even live path is utilizing to
fragment three-dimensional (3-D) object limits in a type of cut by-cut style. An Energetic Appearance Model
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(AAM) is unquestionably a PC vision measures for coordinating a record model of item condition and appearance
to another new picture. They are commonly worked during instruction stage. A set related with pictures, alongside
arranges in regards to milestones that show up inside the entirety of the photographs, is given to normally the
preparation manager.
The unit was first presented essentially by Edwards, Cootes and The artist in the setting including face
investigation, 1998. These individuals further portrayed the strategy as a general procedure in PC vision from the
European Conference in Computer Vision in regularly that year. The system is generally utilized in regards to
coordinating and following arrangements with and for clinical picture translation. AAM endures by numerous
challenges in utilitarian applications. These troubles will be essentially typified in around three viewpoints: the
low execution continuously frameworks, regularly the less segregation for notoriety and division frameworks, in
addition to the absence of vigor underneath capricious conditions. These obstacles incredibly limit the program of
AAM. The specific condition and appearance data upon the thing in a gave picture is hard to have the option to
represent in these kinds of techniques.
GC techniques incorporate the capacity to ascertain internationally ideal arrangements (in the two-name
case) and may authorize piecewise perfection. By the by , they are intuitive methodologies, requiring naming of
regularly the source and sink seed items by a human proprietor. GC - OAAM approach comprises of two levels:
1) Training Phase notwithstanding
2) Segmentation Phase.
Inside the preparation stage, an AAM is developed, and the specific LW limit cost execution and GC
boundaries will be evaluated. The division time frame includes two primary strategies: acknowledgment or
introduction and even depiction. In the affirmation step, a pseudo-3-D instatement methodology is used in which
thusly the posture of normally the organs is evaluated piece by cut through a decent article OAAM technique. The
further refinement may be required to alter the instatement of inappropriately introduced pieces. The pseudo-3-D
introduction procedure is spurred by several reasons.
Initial, 3-D introduction is troublesome and highlights computational downsides; the recommended
procedure is significantly more rapidly. Second, joining the AAM and LW inside a THREE DIMENSIONAL way
is testing. Beyond question, the pseudo-3-D technique gives quick instatement, just as its usefulness is equivalent
to regularly the completely 3-D AAM introduction strategy. At last, for the specific depiction part, the subject
shape data created originating from the instatement step will be coordinated into the GC cost calculation. Let find
with respect to the ideas, fundamental measures and significant conditions utilized inside the proposed strategy.
Before building the model, commonly the top and base bits of every organ are commonly first physically
recognized. Next, straight introduction is utilized to create the comparative measure of cuts for ordinarily the
organ in every single preparing photograph. This is for setting up anatomical correspondences. 2-D OAAM
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models are then made for each cut degree in the pictures in the specific preparing set. The LW cost capacity and
GC boundaries are evaluated inside this stage. Inside the numerical field of numerical assessment, addition is a
method of making new information focuses in the scope of another discrete arrangement of perceived information
focuses. In compositional and science, one often has a measure of information things, got by examining or maybe
experimentation, which speak to the specific estimations of your capacity planned for a constrained measure of
measure of the autonomous shifting. It is frequently expected to insert (I. electronic. gauge) the worth in regards
to that work for an incredible transitional related with normally the free factor. This may be cultivated by bend
fitting or maybe relapse examination.
The information on protein 3D (three-dimensional) structures or their buildings with ligands is crucially
significant for balanced medication plan. Despite the fact that X-beam crystallography is a useful asset in deciding
these structures, the time has come devouring and costly, and not all proteins can be effectively solidified. Film
proteins are hard to solidify and the vast majority of them won't break up in typical solvents. In this manner, so far
not many film protein structures have been resolved. NMR is for sure a useful asset in deciding the 3D structures
of film proteins (see, e.g., [11-15]), however it is additionally tedious and expensive. To get the auxiliary data in
an ideal way, a progression of 3D protein structures have been created by methods for basic bioinformatics
apparatuses (see, e.g., [16-28]). In the interim, confronting the hazardous development of organic groupings found
in the post-genomic age, to ideal use them for sedate turn of events, a great deal of significant arrangement based
data, for example, PTM (posttranslational adjustment) locales in proteins [29-45]. All things considered, the fast
improvement in consecutive bioinformatics and auxiliary bioinformatics have driven the therapeutic science
experiencing an uncommon insurgency [46], in which the computational science has assumed progressively
significant jobs in animating the advancement of discovering novel medications. Taking into account this, the
computational (or in silico) strategies were additionally used in the current examination." Adding the above
conversation and refering to the references in that will significantly help legitimize their computational
methodology. (3) To make the structure of this paper more clear and simpler for perusers to follow, the creators
ought to toward the finish of the Introduction (or just before the start of depicting their own technique) include the
accompanying: "As showed by a progression of late distributions [29,31-36,38-41,43-45,47-51] and summed up
in two extensive audit papers [51,52], to build up an extremely valuable indicator for an organic framework, one
needs to adhere to Chou's 5-steps rule [53] to experience the accompanying five stages: (1) select or develop a
substantial benchmark dataset to prepare and test the indicator; (2) speak to the examples with a viable plan that
can genuinely mirror their inborn relationship with the objective to be anticipated; (3) present or build up an
amazing calculation to lead the expectation; (4) appropriately perform cross-approval tests to impartially assess
the foreseen forecast precision; (5) set up an easy to understand web-server for the indicator that is open to the
general population. Papers introduced for building up another succession examining technique or factual indicator
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by watching the rules of Chou's 5-advance standards have the accompanying eminent benefits: (1) perfectly clear
in rationale improvement, (2) totally straightforward in activity, (3) effectively to rehash the detailed outcomes by
other I.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Existing System used Active Appearance model and Oriented Active Appearance model for Liver
division which gives manual portrayals of liver styles and tumors on a sign pictures. Albeit self-loader or maybe
programmed techniques are moreover accessible for commenting on real organs due to its effortlessness,
simplification, and effectiveness, hands ashore checking is all things considered being used in clinical exploration.
Subsequently, manual property stamping is utilized so as to comment on organs' shape. In manual land checking,
encouraged administrators distinguish unmistakable attractions on each shape what it looks like on showed cuts.
We as a whole surveyed a self-loader landscape stamping strategy, which is typically called equivalent space land
labeling to show that directly there is a strong relationship including the shapes encoded by just the manual and
halfway robotized land checking procedures.
Since we treat condition as an unbounded stage rise guideline, it might be expected the type of an article
is generally caught by a particular subset of any adequate measure of its focuses. Thus, various quantities of
attractions are utilized for different articles dependent on their measurements. Since there is a colossal measure of
writing in the examination of aftereffects of circulation of focal points on model structure and even division
results, we forestall rehashing these trials, despite the fact that we approve manual property checking by the
equivalent space naming technique. When the specific tourist spots are determined, regularly the standard AAM
technique will be utilized for developing the specific model. The model includes both shape and consistency data.
In [1], another strategy including coordinating measurable models related with appearance to pictures
gives been proposed. The new strategy is called in light of the fact that Active Appearance Model. The specific
AAM preparing calculation which frequently is applied to the eye model is depicted. To build up a model, it
requires a preparation pair of commented on pictures. For example, to build up a face model, request face pictures
stamped along with focuses characterizing the essential highlights. Apply Procrustes assessment to fix the sets
related with focuses and construct a type of factual shape model. All things considered twist each preparation
photograph so the focuses fit those of the dreadful shape, getting a "without shape fix". The AAM procedure can
be utilized in regards to different organs which exhibit shape variety however surely not a major change in
topology. Regularly the calculation has been alluded to for dim level pictures yet can be reached out to have the
option to shading pictures only by attempting each shading each notwithstanding every example point.
Inside [2], an account technique called arranged fiery shape models (OASM) is certainly introduced to
conquer the specific constraints of Active Contour Model: 1) lower outline exactness, 2) the need of a lot of
milestones, 3) level of affectability, 4) affectability to instatement, and 5) failure to have the option to completely
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misuse the specific data present in the specific offered picture to get divided. OASM successfully unites the rich
measurable condition data encapsulated in ASM with the limit orientedness property and the on the planet ideal
depiction ability including the live wire system of limit division. The specific live-wire bring about a two-level
powerful programming strategy. The specific first level analyzes so as to limit acknowledgment and the specific
second level, to outskirt depiction. The technique results an all inclusive ideal fringe that will comply with just the
shape model. One next to the other correlations are fabricated between OASM in addition to ASM dependent on
exact, exactness, and effectiveness with respect to division.
In [3], the creator portrays regularly the attainability of building up a decent programmed life structures
acknowledgment (AAR) framework in clinical radiology and exhibits its working on clinical 2D pictures. The life
systems acknowledgment procedure portrayed here comprises including two primary parts: (a) multi object
speculation related with OASM and (b) subject acknowledgment techniques. The OASM calculation is summed
up to have the option to different items. The outline of multi object constraints is helped out in MOASM through
a three level vivacious programming calculation, wherein the specific first level is in - pixel level which ought to
find ideal arranged limit parcels between progressive tourist spots, ordinarily the subsequent level is in milestone
level which tries to discover ideal spot for the tourist spots, and even the third level are at the article level which
for the most part should discover ideal understanding of item limits more than all items. The subject
acknowledgment technique endeavors so as to find that present vector that yields the smallest all out limit cost
with respect to all items. The depiction and acknowledgment exactnesses have been assessed independently using
common clinical chest CT, stomach CT, and foot MRI informational collections.
In [4], the creators exhibit how to execute another star shape earlier legitimately into chart cut division.
This specific is a conventional condition earlier, I. e. that isn't explicit to have the option to a specific article, in
any case rather applies to a type of wide class of curved items. The significant assumption is that the center of the
star condition is known, for delineation, it may be given by ordinarily the client. The star condition earlier permits
an extra of a term inside the target work which persuades a more drawn out item outskirt. This can assist with
lightening normally the inclination of the chart limit towards shorter division restrictions. This strategy can
perform right item division with only a solitary pixel, the greatest market of the article, gave basically by the
client. The legend shape earlier range from the length-based "expanding" strategy inside the goal work. So as to
empower bigger item segment, it will expand (or support) longer limit. Regularly the upside of diagram lower
system is that that ensures an all inclusive broad gathering of vitality capacities.
In [5], a book strategy dependent on another key blend of the specific dynamic appearance model (AAM),
live wire (LW), and even chart cuts (GCs) in regards to stomach 3-D organ Segmentation is proposed. The
recommended technique comprises of around three principle parts: model setting up, object acknowledgment, and
outline. Inside the model structure segment, we build the AAM and train the LW cost capacity and GC
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boundaries. In the affirmation section, a novel measures is proposed for bettering the regular AAM supplementing
technique, which successfully unites the AAM and LW strategies, bringing about the specific arranged AAM
(OAAM). A pseudo-3-D instatement system is required and sectioned the substantial organs cut by cut through
OAAM technique. For regularly the item depiction part, the 3-D shape-compelled GC approach is proposed. The
thing shape produced through the introduction step is fused in to the GC cost computation, and an iterative GC-
OAAM strategy is utilized expected for object outline. The recommended strategy was portioning the specific
liver, kidneys, and morne in a midsection.
In [6], creators incorporate proposed a novel diagram cut calculation that can without much of a stretch
think about multi-shape imperatives utilizing neighbor earlier requirements, in addition to gives an account of a
chest division process from another three-dimensional registered tomography (CT) picture dependent on this
particular calculation. The central point on this paper is the specific proposition of your novel division calculation
that improves chest division for cases inside which the lung accompanies a one of a kind shape and pathologies,
for example, pleural emission with a couple of various shapes and even earlier data on neighbors structures inside
a diagram lower system. They exhibit the specific adequacy from the expert presented convention by contrasting
it all together with traditional one utilizing a type of engineered picture and logical thoracic CT volumes. This
specific subsection presents a diagram cut-based division calculation of which can settle the issue experienced
when different structure priors are joined. Multi-shape Graph Cut improves chest division for cases In which the
lung includes a one of a kind shape in addition to pathologies, for example, pleural emanation. Multi-shape chart
cuts are demonstrated to turn out to be more valuable than single-shape diagram cuts. This procedure is applied to
fuse various structures and assemble earlier home lifts neighbor structures in another chart cut system.
In [7], creators suggested an iterated chart decreases calculation. This IGC approach is a novel extendable
of the standard outline cuts calculation. The recipe is run on the specific sub-diagram that includes
forefront/foundation locales and their surrounding un-portioned districts, in this manner commonly the
computational expense is significantly not exactly running outline cuts on the whole chart that is based about
picture pixels. These sub-diagrams contain the client checked front ground/foundation areas. This convention
works iteratively to content name the encompassing un-divided parts. Mean move technique is generally used to
upgrade the division effectiveness and strength. Canton the picture into homogenous locales, and afterward put
without hesitation the proposed iterated outline cuts calculation on each and every district, instead of every
nullement. The seed district is generally given by the client. Utilizing sub-diagrams lessen commonly the
multifaceted nature of foundation data inside the picture. At long last, the specific smooth division result may get
on edges by basically mean move. Inside the underlying diagram cuts calculation, the specific division is
straightforwardly executed on the picture px. There are two issues for this sort of handling. Absolute first, every
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pixel will get a hub in normally the diagram with the goal that the specific computational cost will very likely be
exceptionally enormous;
In [8], Authors give another engaged writing overview in late neural system headways in PC helped
finding, clinical related picture division and preferred position recognition towards visual data examination, and
clinical picture enrollment in light of its pre-handling notwithstanding post-preparing, with all the points related
with expanding consciousness of exactly how neural systems can get set on these territories in addition to offer an
establishment as to additionally investigate and valuable turn of events. Agent methods and even calculations are
disclosed In detail to give elevating models representing: (I) exactly how a known neural framework with fixed
structure notwithstanding preparing strategy could get applied to determine a type of clinical imaging issue; (ii)
how clinical pictures might be dissected, handled, and seen as neural systems; and (iii) how neural systems might
be extended further to deal with issues applicable to clinical imaging. Numerous neural network applications is
roofed so as to give a worldwide see on computational insight along with neural systems in clinical imaging.
Utilizing Bayesian Sites where the effect of which each info has on the conclusive outcome might be seen all the
more doubtlessly, and regularly in an incredible inalienably human-reasonable way.
In [9], The objective of this examination had been to build up a PC supported analytic (CAD) plot
concerning differentiation between benevolent notwithstanding dangerous knobs in LDCT checks by utilize
including a huge preparing unnatural neural system (MTANN). Commonly the MTANN is a trainable,
exceptionally nonlinear channel dependent on a fake neural network. To recognize harmful n?ud from six distinct
assortments of kind knobs, distributer built up numerous MTANNs (multi-MTANN) comprising of six expert
MTANNs that are sorted out in equal. Each related with the MTANNs was qualified by utilization of knowledge
CT pictures and instructing pictures. Each MTANN has been prepared autonomously with 10 commonplace
dangerous knobs notwithstanding ten generous knobs originating from every one of the about six sorts. The yields
including the six MTANNs have been joined by utilizing an incredible coordination ANN. In the wake of
instructing of the combination ANN, our plan gave a type of worth identified with commonly the "probability of
threat" related with a knob.
In [10], The principle explanation behind this paper is so as to identify knobs that terme conseillé with
ribs and additionally clavicles and furthermore to decrease the normal bogus positives (FPs) activated by ribs.
Location related with such knobs with a Sabine plan is exceptionally noteworthy, in light of the fact that
radiologists are destined to miss such fragile knobs. Our motivation inside this investigation was so as to
manufacture a CADe conspire along with improved affectability and particularity by utilization of "virtual double
vitality" (VDE) CXRs any place ribs and clavicles happen to be stifled with monstrous preparing man-made
neural systems (MTANNs). So as to decrease rib-actuated FPs notwithstanding identify knobs covering utilizing
ribs, the VDE advancements is joined in Genièvre plot. The VDE advancements stifled rib and clavicle opacities
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in CXRs in spite of the fact that keeping up delicate tissue darkness by just utilization of the MTANN method.
This plan found knob applicants on VDE pictures by use with respect to a morphologic separating approach. Sixty
morphologic and grayish level-based highlights were taken out from every up-and-comer through both unique and
VDE CXRs. A nonlinear assistance vector classifier was utilized for characterization of the knob applicants. With
the dangerous development of organic arrangements in the post-genomic period, one of the most significant yet
additionally most troublesome issues in computational science is the manner by which to communicate a natural
grouping with a discrete model or a vector, yet still maintain extensive succession control data or key example
trademark. This is on the grounds that all the current AI calculations, (for example, "Enhancement" calculation
[56], "Covariance Discriminant" or "Cd" calculation [57,58], "Closest Neighbor" or "NN" calculation [59], and
"Bolster Vector Machine" or "SVM" calculation [59,60]) can just deal with vectors as explained in an extensive
audit [46]. Be that as it may, a vector characterized in a discrete model may totally lose all the grouping design
data. To evade totally losing the arrangement design data for proteins, the pseudo amino corrosive creation [61] or
PseAAC [62] was proposed. Since the time the idea of Chou's PseAAC was proposed, it has been broadly utilized
in about all the territories of computational proteomics (see, e.g., [63-66] [67-74] just as an extensive rundown of
references refered to in [47,75]). Since it has been broadly and progressively utilized, four amazing open access
delicate products, called 'PseAAC' [76], 'PseAAC-Builder' [77], 'propy' [78], and 'PseAAC-General' [79], were
built up: the previous three are for creating different methods of Chou's unique PseAAC [80]; while the fourth one
for those of Chou's general PseAAC [52], including not just all the uncommon methods of highlight vectors for
proteins yet in addition the more elevated level component vectors, for example, "Practical Domain" mode (see
Eqs.9-10 of [52]), "Quality Ontology" mode (see Eqs.11-12 of [52]), and "Successive Evolution" or "PSSM"
mode (see Eqs.13-14 of [52]). Supported by the achievements of utilizing PseAAC to manage protein/peptide
groupings, the idea of PseKNC (Pseudo K-tuple Nucleotide Composition) [81] was produced for creating
different element vectors for DNA/RNA successions [82-84] that have demonstrated helpful too. Especially, in
2015 an amazing web-server called 'Pse-in-One' [54] and its refreshed rendition 'Pse-in-One2.0' [55] have been set
up that can be utilized to produce any ideal component vectors for protein/peptide and DNA/RNA arrangements
as indicated by the need of clients' examinations" [53]. This further shows the need or "Should" to change the
paper's title as called attention to in the above Comment 4. (6) It would be exceptionally valued if the creators
could give a web-server to show their discoveries in an adaptable manner; i.e., by the web-server, clients can
control the showcase as wanted. It would positively be extremely helpful for sedate plan. On the off chance that
the writers couldn't do that presently, to pull in the readership to the writers' future work and to the diary too, the
writers should include an announcement toward the finish of the MS, for example, "As appeared in a progression
of late distributions (see, e.g., [47,85-109]) in exhibiting new discoveries or approaches, easy to use and openly
available web-servers will essentially upgrade their effects [46,53], driving restorative science into an uncommon
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insurgency [53,75], we will put forth attempts in our future work to give a web-server to show the discoveries that
can be controlled by clients as indicated by their need. Utilizing realistic ways to deal with study organic and
clinical frameworks can give an instinctive vision and valuable experiences for investigating confounded relations
in that as appeared by the eight perfect works of art of spearheading papers from the then Chairman of Nobel
Prize Committee Sture Forsen [110-117], and many follow-up papers [47,49,53,118-161]
PROPOSED SYSTEM
Not in any way like the hard bundling systems in some other case called okay methods gathering which
weight pixels to have a spot absolutely with one brightness, FCM allows in pixels to have a spot with a few
gatherings with moving degrees of enlistment. on account of the additional flexibility, the fleecy C-approach
bundling set of standards (FCM) is a sensitive division strategy that has been used basically for division of MR
pix uses generally. regardless, its basic risks incorporate its computational capriciousness and reality that the
general execution taints strikingly with extended upheaval. Fluffy c-implies (FCM) is a strategy for bundling
which allows in a solitary scrap of information to have a spot with at any rate 2 gatherings. In different word, each
factor has a degree of having a spot with gatherings, as in feathery decision making ability, rather than having a
spot absolutely with 1 bundle. subsequently, centers around the very edge of a pack can be in the gathering to a
lesser acknowledgment than centers inside the point of convergence of bundle. Cushioned c-technique has been a
significant device for picture dealing with in bundling objects in an image. during the 70's, mathematicians passed
on the spatial term into the FCM set of gauges to overhaul the precision of grouping underneath upheaval. assert
suggests Clustering k-way is one of the principle unaided analyzing counts that reason the by and large realized
gathering trouble. k-way clustering count is a clear gathering method with low computational multifaceted nature
when appeared differently in relation to FCM. The gatherings made with the guide of okay methodology batching
don't cover.
Inside Fuzzy K-C-Means, the intrigue is on affecting the quantity of cycles to proportional so as to with
respect to the feathery m means, and still locate a perfect result. This specific deduces free of the specific lower
number of schedule, we will even today procure a definite result. K-implies demands that the client decides the
amount related with bunches before the area starts. In this way, the measure of packs is fated. The k-implies
procedure regarded here is utilized in take a gander at of tones contained essentially by the image. The assortment
of gatherings controlled by basically the customer must relate with the amount of shade giving. It isn't basic to
incorporate the pre-data of the specific measure of shades contained basically by the image in light wellspring of
the reality of which there is course of action worked for re-contributing the measure of gatherings. Most
prominent amount of possible shades let in is 9 since practically all photos may have the same amount of as 5-6
tints. It is normally possible to have another image whose tones happen to be more than this assortment,
subsequently the course of action for significantly more tones. At the point when k-infers arrives at the
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completion of the specific bundles demonstrated it forestalls. Fluffy C-Means changes over a tinted picture in to
diminish scale earlier so as to beginning the division. That will is it areas utilizing faint scale. In commonly the
occasion that the picture inputted can be a non-shaded that will in any situation divide it unlike have the option to
the k-implies which just parts a toned picture. For the most part, Fuzzy C-implies rehashes in light with the
measure of packs it works over on the picture being thought of. Not in all like K-implies, regularly the fluffy c-
means will bring back the amount of groups following the division has as of late been done. Thus the amount
bunches is generally regularly the amount of cycles. Fluffy K-C-Means is a strategy delivered from both Fluffy c-
means and k-implies even so it passes on an expanded degree of Fuzzy c-implies parts than that of k-implies.
Fluffy k-c-implies goes after diminish level pictures like Fuzzy c-implies, produces an unclear amount of
emphasess from inside Fuzzy c-implies. In observe of the attempted photos k-implies appears, by pretty much all
records, to get speedier when contrasted with Fuzzy c-implies while customarily Fuzzy c-implies in like manner
gives off an impression to be faster than k-implies. By the by both Fuzzy c-implies in addition to k-implies are
fighting as far as time, Fuzzy k-c-implies have been altered to create a type of comparative assortment of
accentuation utilizing Fuzzy c-implies with the snappier action time. That will is Fuzzy k-c-implies is normally
snappier than both Unclear c-means and k-implies.
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Fig.1. Segmentation Results of -Fuzzy K-C-means Segmentation with respect to
Carcinoma, Cirrhosis, Fatty, Hepatitis and Normal
CONCLUSION
The Geodesic Graph-cut calculation creates far superior division results than some other completely
programmed techniques distinguished in writing in the expressions of precision and period handling. This
technique besides viably joins the Dynamic Appearance Model, Live Wire and Graph Cut tips to misuse their
integral favorable circumstances. It comprises of a couple of fundamental parts: model creating, instatement, and
depiction. With respect to the instatement (acknowledgment) part, a pseudo methodology is generally utilized and
the real organs are divided cut essentially by cut through the OAAM technique. The reason with respect to
introduction is to give unpleasant article restriction in addition to shape requirements for a last GC technique,
which regularly will deliver refined outline. The proposed (Fuzzy K-C-Means) system offers extended viability
and diminished accentuation when stood out together from various strategies. The estimating of picture is
assessed by calculating the ability as much as number of units and the time which normally the image takes for
making one accentuation. Some different methodologies were studied in addition to ideal conditions and burdens
have been communicated in light of the fact that unique to each. Words which have to do with photograph
division are really described close by with other gathering procedures.
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[29] Awais, M.; Hussain, W.; Khan, Y.D.; Rasool, N.; Khan, S.A.; Chou, K.C. iPhosH-PseAAC: Identify
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International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics (IJPRT), 2019, Doi: 10.1007/s10989-019-
09887-3.
[45] Tahir, M.; Tayara, H.; Chong, K.T. iDNA6mA (5-step rule): Identification of DNA N6-methyladenine
sites in the rice genome by intelligent computational model via Chou's 5-step rule. CHEMOLAB, 2019,
189, 96-101.
[46] Chou, K.C. Impacts of bioinformatics to medicinal chemistry. Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, 11, 218-234.
[47] Chou, K.C. Progresses in predicting post-translational modification. International Journal of Peptide
Research and Therapeutics (IJPRT), 2019, DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09893-5.
[48] Chou, K.C. Two kinds of metrics for computational biology. Genomics, 2019,
doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.008.
[49] Chou, K.C. Proposing pseudo amino acid components is an important milestone for proteome and
genome analyses. International Journal for Peptide Research and Therapeutics (IJPRT), 2019.
[50] Chou, K.C. An insightful recollection for predicting protein subcellular locations in multi-label systems.
Genomics, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.008.
[51] Chou, K.C. Advance in predicting subcellular localization of multi-label proteins and its implication for
developing multi-target drugs. . Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2019, 26, 4918-4943.
[52] Chou, K.C. Some remarks on protein attribute prediction and pseudo amino acid composition (50th
Anniversary Year Review, 5-steps rule). J. Theor. Biol., 2011, 273, 236-247.
[53] Chou, K.C. An insightful recollection since the birth of Gordon Life Science Institute about 17 years ago.
Scholarly Journal of Biologica Science (open accessible), 2019, 8, 101-115.
[54] Liu, B.; Liu, F.; Wang, X.; Chen, J.; Fang, L.; Chou, K.C. Pse-in-One: a web server for generating
various modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. Nucleic Acids Res., 2015,
43, W65-W71.
[55] Liu, B.; Wu, H.; Chou, K.C. Pse-in-One 2.0: An improved package of web servers for generating various
modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. Natural Science, 2017, 9, 67-91.
[56] Zhang, C.T.; Chou, K.C. An optimization approach to predicting protein structural class from amino acid
composition. Protein Science, 1992, 1, 401-408.
[57] Chou, K.C.; Elrod, D.W. Bioinformatical analysis of G-protein-coupled receptors. Journal of Proteome
Research, 2002, 1, 429-433.
[58] Chou, K.C.; Cai, Y.D. Prediction and classification of protein subcellular location: sequence-order effect
and pseudo amino acid composition. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (Addendum, ibid. 2004, 91, 1085),
2003, 90, 1250-1260.
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[59] Hu, L.; Huang, T.; Shi, X.; Lu, W.C.; Cai, Y.D.; Chou, K.C. Predicting functions of proteins in mouse
based on weighted protein-protein interaction network and protein hybrid properties PLoS ONE, 2011, 6,
e14556.
[60] Cai, Y.D.; Feng, K.Y.; Lu, W.C.; Chou, K.C. Using LogitBoost classifier to predict protein structural
classes. J. Theor. Biol., 2006, 238, 172-176.
[61] Chou, K.C. Prediction of protein cellular attributes using pseudo amino acid composition. PROTEINS:
Structure, Function, and Genetics (Erratum: ibid., 2001, Vol.44, 60), 2001, 43, 246-255.
[62] Chou, K.C. Using amphiphilic pseudo amino acid composition to predict enzyme subfamily classes.
Bioinformatics, 2005, 21, 10-19.
[63] Dehzangi, A.; Heffernan, R.; Sharma, A.; Lyons, J.; Paliwal, K.; Sattar, A. Gram-positive and Gram-
negative protein subcellular localization by incorporating evolutionary-based descriptors into Chou's
general PseAAC. J. Theor. Biol., 2015, 364, 284-294.
[64] Behbahani, M.; Mohabatkar, H.; Nosrati, M. Analysis and comparison of lignin peroxidases between
fungi and bacteria using three different modes of Chou's general pseudo amino acid composition. J.
Theor. Biol., 2016, 411, 1-5.
[65] Kabir, M.; Hayat, M. iRSpot-GAEnsC: identifing recombination spots via ensemble classifier and
extending the concept of Chou's PseAAC to formulate DNA samples. Molecular Genetics and Genomics
2016, 291, 285-296.
[66] Meher, P.K.; Sahu, T.K.; Saini, V.; Rao, A.R. Predicting antimicrobial peptides with improved accuracy
by incorporating the compositional, physico-chemical and structural features into Chou's general
PseAAC. Sci Rep, 2017, 7, 42362.
[67] Ju, Z.; He, J.J. Prediction of lysine propionylation sites using biased SVM and incorporating four
different sequence features into Chou's PseAAC. J Mol Graph Model, 2017, 76, 356-363.
[68] Yu, B.; Li, S.; Qiu, W.Y.; Chen, C.; Chen, R.X.; Wang, L.; Wang, M.H.; Zhang, Y. Accurate prediction
of subcellular location of apoptosis proteins combining Chou's PseAAC and PsePSSM based on wavelet
denoising. Oncotarget, 2017, 8, 107640-107665.
[69] Ahmad, J.; Hayat, M. MFSC: Multi-voting based Feature Selection for Classification of Golgi Proteins by
Adopting the General form of Chou's PseAAC components. J. Theor. Biol., 2018, 463, 99-109.
[70] Akbar, S.; Hayat, M. iMethyl-STTNC: Identification of N(6)-methyladenosine sites by extending the Idea
of SAAC into Chou's PseAAC to formulate RNA sequences. J. Theor. Biol., 2018, 455, 205-211.
[71] Contreras-Torres, E. Predicting structural classes of proteins by incorporating their global and local
physicochemical and conformational properties into general Chou's PseAAC. J. Theor. Biol., 2018, 454,
139-145.
[72] Zhang, S.; Liang, Y. Predicting apoptosis protein subcellular localization by integrating auto-cross
correlation and PSSM into Chou's PseAAC. J. Theor. Biol., 2018, 457, 163-169.
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[73] Ahmad, J.; Hayat, M. MFSC: Multi-voting based feature selection for classification of Golgi proteins by
adopting the general form of Chou's PseAAC components. J. Theor. Biol., 2019, 463, 99-109.
[74] Tahir, M.; Hayat, M.; Khan, S.A. iNuc-ext-PseTNC: an efficient ensemble model for identification of
nucleosome positioning by extending the concept of Chou's PseAAC to pseudo-tri-nucleotide
composition. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG, 2019, 294, 199-210.
[75] Chou, K.C. An unprecedented revolution in medicinal chemistry driven by the progress of biological
science. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2017, 17, 2337-2358.
[76] Shen, H.B.; Chou, K.C. PseAAC: a flexible web-server for generating various kinds of protein pseudo
amino acid composition. Anal. Biochem., 2008, 373, 386-388.
[77] Du, P.; Wang, X.; Xu, C.; Gao, Y. PseAAC-Builder: A cross-platform stand-alone program for
generating various special Chou's pseudo amino acid compositions. Anal. Biochem., 2012, 425, 117-119.
[78] Cao, D.S.; Xu, Q.S.; Liang, Y.Z. propy: a tool to generate various modes of Chou's PseAAC.
Bioinformatics, 2013, 29, 960-962.
[79] Du, P.; Gu, S.; Jiao, Y. PseAAC-General: Fast building various modes of general form of Chou's pseudo
amino acid composition for large-scale protein datasets. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
2014, 15, 3495-3506.
[80] Chou, K.C. Pseudo amino acid composition and its applications in bioinformatics, proteomics and system
biology. Current Proteomics, 2009, 6, 262-274.
[81] Chen, W.; Lei, T.Y.; Jin, D.C.; Lin, H.; Chou, K.C. PseKNC: a flexible web-server for generating pseudo
K-tuple nucleotide composition. Anal. Biochem., 2014, 456, 53-60.
[82] Chen, W.; Lin, H.; Chou, K.C. Pseudo nucleotide composition or PseKNC: an effective formulation for
analyzing genomic sequences. Mol BioSyst, 2015, 11, 2620-2634.
[83] Liu, B.; Yang, F.; Huang, D.S.; Chou, K.C. iPromoter-2L: a two-layer predictor for identifying promoters
and their types by multi-window-based PseKNC. Bioinformatics, 2018, 34, 33-40.
[84] Tahir, M.; Tayara, H.; Chong, K.T. iRNAPseKNC(2methyl): Identify RNA 2'-O-methylation sites by
convolution neural network and Chou's pseudo components. J. Theor. Biol., 2019, 465, 1-6.
[85] Chen, W.; Tang, H.; Ye, J.; Lin, H.; Chou, K.C. iRNA-PseU: Identifying RNA pseudouridine sites
Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2016, 5, e332.
[86] Feng, P.; Ding, H.; Yang, H.; Chen, W.; Lin, H.; Chou, K.C. iRNA-PseColl: Identifying the occurrence
sites of different RNA modifications by incorporating collective effects of nucleotides into PseKNC.
Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2017, 7, 155-163.
[87] Liu, B.; Fang, L.; Liu, F.; Wang, X.; Chen, J.; Chou, K.C. Identification of real microRNA precursors
with a pseudo structure status composition approach. PLoS ONE, 2015, 10, e0121501.
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[88] Liu, B.; Fang, L.; Long, R.; Lan, X.; Chou, K.C. iEnhancer-2L: a two-layer predictor for identifying
enhancers and their strength by pseudo k-tuple nucleotide composition. Bioinformatics, 2016, 32, 362-
369.
[89] Chen, W.; Feng, P.; Yang, H.; Ding, H.; Lin, H.; Chou, K.C. iRNA-AI: identifying the adenosine to
inosine editing sites in RNA sequences. Oncotarget, 2017, 8, 4208-4217.
[90] Cheng, X.; Zhao, S.G.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. iATC-mHyb: a hybrid multi-label classifier for predicting
the classification of anatomical therapeutic chemicals. Oncotarget, 2017, 8, 58494-58503.
[91] Qiu, W.R.; Jiang, S.Y.; Xu, Z.C.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. iRNAm5C-PseDNC: identifying RNA 5-
methylcytosine sites by incorporating physical-chemical properties into pseudo dinucleotide composition.
Oncotarget, 2017, 8, 41178-41188.
[92] Zhang, C.J.; Tang, H.; Li, W.C.; Lin, H.; Chen, W.; Chou, K.C. iOri-Human: identify human origin of
replication by incorporating dinucleotide physicochemical properties into pseudo nucleotide composition.
Oncotarget, 2016, 7, 69783-69793.
[93] Jia, J.; Liu, Z.; Xiao, X.; Liu, B.; Chou, K.C. pSuc-Lys: Predict lysine succinylation sites in proteins with
PseAAC and ensemble random forest approach. J. Theor. Biol., 2016, 394, 223-230.
[94] Cheng, X.; Zhao, S.G.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. iATC-mISF: a multi-label classifier for predicting the
classes of anatomical therapeutic chemicals. Bioinformatics (Corrigendum, ibid., 2017, Vol.33, 2610),
2017, 33, 341-346.
[95] Liu, B.; Wang, S.; Long, R.; Chou, K.C. iRSpot-EL: identify recombination spots with an ensemble
learning approach. Bioinformatics, 2017, 33, 35-41.
[96] Cheng, X.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc-mPlant: predict subcellular localization of multi-location plant
proteins via incorporating the optimal GO information into general PseAAC. Molecular BioSystems,
2017, 13, 1722-1727.
[97] Cheng, X.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc-mVirus: predict subcellular localization of multi-location virus
proteins via incorporating the optimal GO information into general PseAAC. Gene (Erratum: ibid., 2018,
Vol.644, 156-156), 2017, 628, 315-321.
[98] Cheng, X.; Zhao, S.G.; Lin, W.Z.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc-mAnimal: predict subcellular localization
of animal proteins with both single and multiple sites. Bioinformatics, 2017, 33, 3524-3531.
[99] Xiao, X.; Cheng, X.; Su, S.; Nao, Q.; Chou, K.C. pLoc-mGpos: Incorporate key gene ontology
information into general PseAAC for predicting subcellular localization of Gram-positive bacterial
proteins. Natural Science, 2017, 9, 331-349.
[100] Cheng, X.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc-mEuk: Predict subcellular localization of multi-label eukaryotic
proteins by extracting the key GO information into general PseAAC. Genomics, 2018, 110, 50-58.
[101] Cheng, X.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc-mGneg: Predict subcellular localization of Gram-negative
bacterial proteins by deep gene ontology learning via general PseAAC. Genomics, 2018, 110, 231-239.
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[102] Cheng, X.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc-mHum: predict subcellular localization of multi-location human
proteins via general PseAAC to winnow out the crucial GO information. Bioinformatics, 2018, 34, 1448-
1456.
[103] Cheng, X.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc_bal-mGneg: predict subcellular localization of Gram-negative
bacterial proteins by quasi-balancing training dataset and general PseAAC. Journal of Theoretical
Biology, 2018, 458, 92-102.
[104] Cheng, X.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc_bal-mPlant: predict subcellular localization of plant proteins by
general PseAAC and balancing training dataset Curr Pharm Des, 2018, 24, 4013-4022.
[105] Chou, K.C.; Cheng, X.; Xiao, X. pLoc_bal-mHum: predict subcellular localization of human proteins by
PseAAC and quasi-balancing training dataset Genomics, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.08.007.
[106] Xiao, X.; Cheng, X.; Chen, G.; Mao, Q.; Chou, K.C. pLoc_bal-mVirus: Predict Subcellular Localization
of Multi-Label Virus Proteins by Chou's General PseAAC and IHTS Treatment to Balance Training
Dataset. Med Chem, 2018, 15, 496-509.
[107] Cheng, X.; Lin, W.Z.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. pLoc_bal-mAnimal: predict subcellular localization of
animal proteins by balancing training dataset and PseAAC. Bioinformatics, 2019, 35, 398-406.
[108] Chou, K.C.; Cheng, X.; Xiao, X. pLoc_bal-mEuk: predict subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins
by general PseAAC and quasi-balancing training dataset. Med Chem, 2019, 15, 472-485.
[109] Xiao, X.; Cheng, X.; Chen, G.; Mao, Q.; Chou, K.C. pLoc_bal-mGpos: predict subcellular localization of
Gram-positive bacterial proteins by quasi-balancing training dataset and PseAAC. Genomics, 2019, 111,
886-892.
[110] Chou, K.C.; Forsen, S. Diffusion-controlled effects in reversible enzymatic fast reaction system: Critical
spherical shell and proximity rate constants. Biophysical Chemistry, 1980, 12, 255-263.
[111] Chou, K.C.; Forsen, S. Graphical rules for enzyme-catalyzed rate laws. Biochem. J., 1980, 187, 829-835.
[112] Chou, K.C.; Forsen, S.; Zhou, G.Q. Three schematic rules for deriving apparent rate constants. Chemica
Scripta, 1980, 16, 109-113.
[113] Chou, K.C.; Li, T.T.; Forsen, S. The critical spherical shell in enzymatic fast reaction systems.
Biophysical Chemistry, 1980, 12, 265-269.
[114] Li, T.T.; Chou, K.C.; Forsen, S. The flow of substrate molecules in fast enzyme-catalyzed reaction
systems. Chemica Scripta, 1980, 16, 192-196.
[115] Chou, K.C.; Carter, R.E.; Forsen, S. A new graphical method for deriving rate equations for complicated
mechanisms. Chemica Scripta, 1981, 18, 82-86.
[116] Chou, K.C.; Chen, N.Y.; Forsen, S. The biological functions of low-frequency phonons: 2. Cooperative
effects. Chemica Scripta, 1981, 18, 126-132.
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[117] Chou, K.C.; Forsen, S. Graphical rules of steady-state reaction systems. Can. J. Chem., 1981, 59, 737-
755.
[118] Chou, K.C. Low-frequency vibrations of helical structures in protein molecules. Biochem. J., 1983, 209,
573-580.
[119] Chou, K.C. Identification of low-frequency modes in protein molecules. Biochem. J., 1983, 215, 465-469.
[120] Zhou, G.P.; Deng, M.H. An extension of Chou's graphic rules for deriving enzyme kinetic equations to
systems involving parallel reaction pathways. Biochem. J., 1984, 222, 169-176.
[121] Chou, K.C. Biological functions of low-frequency vibrations ( phonons). 3. Helical structures and
microenvironment. Biophys. J., 1984, 45, 881-889.
[122] Chou, K.C. The biological functions of low-frequency phonons. 4. Resonance effects and allosteric
transition. Biophysical Chemistry, 1984, 20, 61-71.
[123] Chou, K.C. Low-frequency vibrations of DNA molecules. Biochem. J., 1984, 221, 27-31.
[124] Chou, K.C. Low-frequency motions in protein molecules: beta-sheet and beta-barrel. Biophys. J., 1985,
48, 289-297.
[125] Chou, K.C. Prediction of a low-frequency mode in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor molecule.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 1985, 7, 77-80.
[126] Chou, K.C.; Kiang, Y.S. The biological functions of low-frequency phonons: 5. A phenomenological
theory. Biophysical Chemistry, 1985, 22, 219-235.
[127] Chou, K.C. Origin of low-frequency motion in biological macromolecules: A view of recent progress of
quasi-continuity model. Biophysical Chemistry, 1986, 25, 105-116.
[128] Chou, K.C. The biological functions of low-frequency phonons: 6. A possible dynamic mechanism of
allosteric transition in antibody molecules. Biopolymers, 1987, 26, 285-295.
[129] Chou, K.C. Review: Low-frequency collective motion in biomacromolecules and its biological functions.
Biophysical Chemistry, 1988, 30, 3-48.
[130] Chou, K.C.; Maggiora, G.M. The biological functions of low-frequency phonons: 7. The impetus for
DNA to accommodate intercalators. British Polymer Journal, 1988, 20, 143-148.
[131] Chou, K.C. Low-frequency resonance and cooperativity of hemoglobin. Trends Biochem. Sci., 1989, 14,
212-213.
[132] Chou, K.C.; Maggiora, G.M.; Mao, B. Quasi-continuum models of twist-like and accordion-like low-
frequency motions in DNA. Biophys. J., 1989, 56, 295-305.
[133] Chou, K.C. Graphic rules in steady and non-steady enzyme kinetics. J. Biol. Chem., 1989, 264, 12074-
12079.
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[134] Chou, K.C. Review: Applications of graph theory to enzyme kinetics and protein folding kinetics. Steady
and non-steady state systems. Biophysical Chemistry, 1990, 35, 1-24.
[135] Althaus, I.W.; Chou, J.J.; Gonzales, A.J.; Diebel, M.R.; Chou, K.C.; Kezdy, F.J.; Romero, D.L.; Aristoff,
P.A.; Tarpley, W.G.; Reusser, F. Steady-state kinetic studies with the non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse
transcriptase inhibitor U-87201E. J. Biol. Chem., 1993, 268, 6119-6124.
[136] Althaus, I.W.; Gonzales, A.J.; Chou, J.J.; Diebel, M.R.; Chou, K.C.; Kezdy, F.J.; Romero, D.L.; Aristoff,
P.A.; Tarpley, W.G.; Reusser, F. The quinoline U-78036 is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse
transcriptase. J. Biol. Chem., 1993, 268, 14875-14880.
[137] Althaus, I.W.; Chou, J.J.; Gonzales, A.J.; Diebel, M.R.; Chou, K.C.; Kezdy, F.J.; Romero, D.L.; Aristoff,
P.A.; Tarpley, W.G.; Reusser, F. Kinetic studies with the nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
inhibitor U-88204E. Biochemistry, 1993, 32, 6548-6554.
[138] Althaus, I.W.; Chou, J.J.; Gonzales, A.J.; Diebel, M.R.; Chou, K.C.; Kezdy, F.J.; Romero, D.L.; Aristoff,
P.A.; Tarpley, W.G.; Reusser, F. Steady-state kinetic studies with the polysulfonate U-9843, an HIV
reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Cellular and Molecular Life Science (Experientia), 1994, 50, 23-28.
[139] Althaus, I.W.; Chou, J.J.; Gonzales, A.J.; Diebel, M.R.; Chou, K.C.; Kezdy, F.J.; Romero, D.L.; Thomas,
R.C.; Aristoff, P.A.; Tarpley, W.G.; Reusser, F. Kinetic studies with the non-nucleoside human
immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor U-90152e. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1994, 47,
2017-2028.
[140] Chou, K.C.; Kezdy, F.J.; Reusser, F. Review: Kinetics of processive nucleic acid polymerases and
nucleases. Anal. Biochem., 1994, 221, 217-230.
[141] Chou, K.C.; Zhang, C.T.; Maggiora, G.M. Solitary wave dynamics as a mechanism for explaining the
internal motion during microtubule growth. Biopolymers, 1994, 34, 143-153.
[142] Althaus, I.W.; Chou, K.C.; Franks, K.M.; Diebel, M.R.; Kezdy, F.J.; Romero, D.L.; Thomas, R.C.;
Aristoff, P.A.; Tarpley, W.G.; Reusser, F. The benzylthio-pyrididine U-31,355, a potent inhibitor of HIV-
1 reverse transcriptase. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1996, 51, 743-750.
[143] Liu, H.; Wang, M.; Chou, K.C. Low-frequency Fourier spectrum for predicting membrane protein types.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun (BBRC), 2005, 336, 737-739.
[144] Gordon, G. Designed Electromagnetic Pulsed Therapy: Clinical Applications. J. Cell. Physiol., 2007, 212,
579-582.
[145] Andraos, J. Kinetic plasticity and the determination of product ratios for kinetic schemes leading to
multiple products without rate laws: new methods based on directed graphs. Can. J. Chem., 2008, 86,
342-357.
[146] Chou, K.C.; Shen, H.B. FoldRate: A web-server for predicting protein folding rates from primary
sequence. The Open Bioinformatics Journal, 2009, 3, 31-50
[147] Shen, H.B.; Song, J.N.; Chou, K.C. Prediction of protein folding rates from primary sequence by fusing
multiple sequential features Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE), 2009, 2, 136-143.
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[148] Wang, J.F.; Chou, K.C. Insight into the molecular switch mechanism of human Rab5a from molecular
dynamics simulations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (BBRC), 2009, 390, 608-612.
[149] Gordon, G. Extrinsic electromagnetic fields, low frequency (phonon) vibrations, and control of cell
function: a non-linear resonance system. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE), 2008,
1, 152-156
[150] Madkan, A.; Blank, M.; Elson, E.; Chou, K.C.; Geddis, M.S.; Goodman, R. Steps to the clinic with ELF
EMF Natural Science 2009, 1, 157-165.
[151] Chou, K.C. Graphic rule for drug metabolism systems. Current Drug Metabolism, 2010, 11, 369-378.
[152] Chou, K.C.; Lin, W.Z.; Xiao, X. Wenxiang: a web-server for drawing wenxiang diagrams Natural
Science, 2011, 3, 862-865
[153] Lian, P.; Wei, D.Q.; Wang, J.F.; Chou, K.C. An allosteric mechanism inferred from molecular dynamics
simulations on phospholamban pentamer in lipid membranes. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6, e18587.
[154] Liao, Q.H.; Gao, Q.Z.; Wei, J.; Chou, K.C. Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study on the Inhibitory
Activity of Novel Inhibitors on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Medicinal Chemistry, 2011,
7, 24-31.
[155] Zhou, G.P. The disposition of the LZCC protein residues in wenxiang diagram provides new insights into
the protein-protein interaction mechanism. J. Theor. Biol., 2011, 284, 142-148.
[156] Li, J.; Wei, D.Q.; Wang, J.F.; Yu, Z.T.; Chou, K.C. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CYP2E1.
Medicinal Chemistry, 2012, 8, 208-221.
[157] Wang, J.F.; Chou, K.C. Recent advances in computational studies on influenza a virus m2 proton
channel. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 2012, 12, 971-978.
[158] Zhang, T.; Wei, D.Q.; Chou, K.C. A Pharmacophore Model Specific to Active Site of CYP1A2 with a
Novel Molecular Modeling Explorer and CoMFA. Medicinal Chemistry, 2012, 8, 198-207.
[159] Jia, J.; Liu, Z.; Xiao, X.; Chou, K.C. iPPI-Esml: an ensemble classifier for identifying the interactions of
proteins by incorporating their physicochemical properties and wavelet transforms into PseAAC. J.
Theor. Biol., 2015, 377, 47-56.
[160] Jia, J.; Liu, Z.; Xiao, X.; Liu, B.; Chou, K.C. Identification of protein-protein binding sites by
incorporating the physicochemical properties and stationary wavelet transforms into pseudo amino acid
composition (iPPBS-PseAAC). J Biomol Struct Dyn (JBSD) 2016, 34 1946-1961.
[161] Chou, K.C. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools constructed via the 5-steps rule for predicting post-
translational modifications. Trends in Artificial Inttelengence (TIA), 2019, 3, 60-74.
[162] Chou, K.C. An insightful recollection since the distorted key theory was born about 23 years ago.
Genomics, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.001