EDUCATION REGARDING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME.

1. OBESITY AND
OVERWEIGHT
WITH POLYCYSTIC
OVARIAN
SYNDROME.
RESEARCHER:BALKEE
J KAUR
CON,AIMS SRI

3. Obesity :It refers to the condition in which the natural
energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans is
increased to a point where it is associated with certain
health conditions or increased mortality(death rate).

4. OBESE
Adole
scents
with a
BMI
over
30 are
consid
ered
to be
obese
.

5. OVERWEIGHT
Adolesc
ents
with a
body
mass
index(B
MI) over
25 are
conside
red to
be
overwei
ght.

6. CAUSES
 Inactivity. If you're not very active, you don't burn as many
calories. With a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more
calories every day than you use through exercise and normal
daily activities. One reason for this is that many people spend
hours in front of TVs and computers doing work, schoolwork,
and leisure activities. In fact, more than 2 hours a day of regular
TV viewing time has been linked to overweight and obesity.

7.  Unhealthy diet and eating habits. Having a diet that's high
in calories, lacking in fruits and vegetables, full of fast food,
missing breakfast, and laden with high-calorie beverages
and oversized portions all contribute to weight gain.

8. ENVIRONMENT
 Lack of neighborhood sidewalks and safe places for
recreation. Not having area parks, trails, sidewalks, and
affordable gyms makes it hard for people to be physically active.

9. WORK SCHEDULES-PEOPLE DON'T HAVE TIME
TO BE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE BECAUSE OF LONG
WORK

10. OVERSIZED
Oversized
food
portions-
Eating large
portions
means too
much
energy IN.
Over time,
this will
cause
weight gain
if it isn't
balanced
with
physical
activity.

11. ACCESS
Lack of
access to
healthy
foods
such as
fresh fruits
and
vegetable
s. Or, for
some
people,
these
healthy
foods are
too costly.

12. Adolescents are surrounded by ads from food
companies. Often adolescents are the targets of
advertising for high-calorie, high-fat snacks and
sugary drinks. The goal of these ads is to sway
people to buy these high-calorie foods, and often
they do.

13. GENESANDFAMILYHISTORY-
genes have
a strong
influence on
a person's
weight.
Overweight
and obesity
tend to run in
families.
Your
chances of
being
overweight
are greater if
one or both
of your
parents are
overweight
or obese.

14. MEDICINES-
 Certain medicines may cause you to gain weight.
These medicines include some
antidepressants(prevent from depression),and
seizure medicines.Certain diabetes and
hypertension (high blood pressure) controlling
medications also cause weight gain.

15. EMOTIONAL FACTORS-
 Emotional Factors- Some people eat more than
usual when they're bored, angry, or stressed. Over
time, overeating will lead to weight gain and may
cause overweight or obesity.

16. LACK OF SLEEP
 People who sleep fewer hours also seem to prefer
eating foods that are higher in calories and
carbohydrates, which can lead to overeating,
weight gain, and obesity.Sleep also affects how
your body reacts to insulin, the hormone that
controls your blood glucose (sugar) level. Lack of
sleep results in a higher than normal blood sugar
level, which may increase your risk for diabetes.

19. INFERTILITY((UNABLE TO REPRODUCE)
•Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(a condition in which fat builds up in the liver and can cause inflammation or scarring)

20. BREATHING PROBLEMS

21. THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN FEMALE ARE THOSE WHICH ARE CONCERNED WITH
FERTILIZATIONCOPULATION GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS
AND ITS SUBSEQUENT EXIT IN THE
OUTER WORLD

22. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS BROADLY DIVIDED
INTO EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE AND INTERNAL
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.
 External reproductive organs:

23.  The external genitalia also called the vulva includes the
mons pubis -a fatty mound ,the labia majora -outer lips of the
vagina, the labia minora -the inner lips of the vagina, the
vaginal opening and hymen- in virgin and the opening is
closed by the labia minora.opening of the urethra, a tube
which carries urine from the bladder outside of the body, the
clitoris -a small structure with sensitive nerve endings located
within the labia minora, and the perineum -the space between
the anus [the rectal opening]and the vaginal opening.

24. INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS:

25.  Vagina constitutes the excretory channel for the menstrual
blood.
It is the organ of copulation and forms the birth canal of parturition.
The uterus is a hollow pyriform muscular organ
The three layers of body are endometrium(an
inner lining which builds ups and sheds monthly in
response to hormonal stimulation)

26. myometrium(middle layer) and parametrium(outer layer). The lower portion of the
uterus is called the cervix, which contains a small opening called the os. Menstrual
blood flows through the os into the vagina during menstruation.
cervix
endometrium
myometrium parametrium
os
Semen travels through the os into the uterus and the fallopian tubes.
(The cervical os dilates (opens) during childbirth.)

27.  Fallopian tube help in the transport of the gametes and to
facilitate fertilization

28.  In the case of human ovaries located alongside the lateral wall
of the uterus.Ovaries are paired sex glands which are
concerned for producing female hormones called estrogen and
progesterone. Usually each ovary takes turns releasing an egg
every month.
if there was a case where one ovary was absent or
dysfunctional then the other ovary would continue providing
eggs to be released. Two other hormones, follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH)are made by the
pituitary gland.

29. Under the influence of FSH ,follicles develop which contain
egg and under the influence of LH egg is released from the
ovary called ovulation. So every month inner layer of the
uterus that is endometrium get shred and menstrual blood
comes out from the uterus,cervix and vagina If copulation
is there ,fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube
and implantation in the uterus

30. and there fetus grow and after nine months fetus comes out
from the uterus,cervix and vagina into the outer world.

31.  INTRODUCTION OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME:
Adolescents with polycystic ovarian syndrome
(PCOS) have abnormalities in the metabolism of
androgens [male hormone] and estrogen [female
hormone].There is a increase level of male
hormones in PCOS case and physical sign and
symptoms of males are develop. Egg is not
released from the ovary.

32. because follicles are not properly developed and cysts are
formed

34.  and they do not get regular menstrual periods.
Ovaries are enlarged due to multiple cyst formations within the
ovaries.
The cysts are egg-containing follicles that
have not developed properly because of a
hormone imbalance .PCOS is associated
with overweight and obesity

35.  Obese and overweight adolescent girls are at more risk of
developing PCOS.There are two main reasons for the
increase of PCOS among adolescent girls, are to adopt the
unhealthy eating and a sedentary lifestyle.
UNHEALTHY EATING

36. SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE.

37. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIES:

38. POLYCYSTIC OVARY
 Two female hormones produced by ovary called estrogen ,
progesterone.
In adolescents with PCOS, multiple small follicles (small
cysts) may develop due to disturbances in female hormones.

39. IN NORMAL CASE EGG IS RELEASED FROM OVARY BUT IN PCOS SMALL FOLLICLES (4
TO 9 MM IN DIAMETER) ACCUMULATE IN THE OVARY AND TRIGGER OVULATION AND
CYSTS ARE FORMED IN OVARIES.
 NORMAL OVARY  POLYCYSTIC OVARY

40. CAUSE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIES
 No one knows the exact cause of PCOS, adolescents with
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have abnormalities in
the metabolism of androgens[male hormone] and
estrogen[female hormone]
 A medicine used to treat seizures that is Valproate may
cause or worsen the symptoms of PCOS

41.  Other causes are low level of chronic (from long
time)inflammation(swelling) in the body.
•Hyperinsulinemia (increased level of insulin)
•Obesity aggravate the degree of PCOS.

42.  family history of PCOS
 family history of diabetes

44. nutritional deficiencies
high glucose load diet
Sedentary lifestyle

46. COMMON SIGN AND SYMPTOMS ARE :
 growth of hair in male pattern on the face, back, chest, lower
abdomen,arms,legs and inner thighs called Hirsutism
1.Face

48. 2.BACK

49. 3.CHEST

50. 4.LOWER ABDOMEN

51. 5.INNER THIGHS
hairs

52. 6. ARMS

54. 7.LEGS

55.  development of male features including balding of the frontal
portion of the scalp called virilization

56.  failure of the ovaries to release an egg called Anovulation
 absence of a menstrual period called Amenorrhea
 presence of menstrual cycles greater than 35 days
apart,scanty and less than 6 periods called Oligomenorrhea.

57. OTHER SIGN AND SYMPTOMS ARE:
 no periods, Painful periods, chronic pain in the lower
abdomen.
 Acne

59. OILY SKIN

60. DANDRUFF

61.  Waist measurement greater than 35 inches, or waist bigger
than hips (apple shape), obesity and weight gain

62.  darker patches of skin in neck folds , armpits, abdomen,
or groin called Acanthosis nigricans

63. NECK FOLDS

64. ARMPITS

65. ABDOMEN,GROIN

67.  increased insulin levels and increase levels of androgens
(male hormones)specifically testosterone.
 androgenic alopecia (male-pattern baldness)
enlarged ovaries generally 2-3 times larger than normal
skin tags which are excess flaps of skin in the armpit or neck
area

68. ANXIETY OR DEPRESSION
voice deepening, atrophy of
breast tissue,
•increased muscle mass
clitoromegaly(increase in size of
clitoris) is rare

70. DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERANDROGENISM:The
modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score grades 10
body areas from 0 (no hair) to 4 (frankly virile),
including the upper lip, chin, upper chest and lower
chest, upper abdomen and lower abdomen, upper and
lower back, arm, forearm. A total score of 7 or more is
considered abnormal . The range of score is given
below
<7 =no effect
7-9=mild effect
10-20=moderate effect
21-30=severe effect
31-40=very severe effect

71.  ovarian ultrasonography preferably using
abdominal approach

72. PELVIC CT SCAN

73.  HOME REMEDIES:
Hair treatments — Excess hair growth on the face
and/or other parts of the body can be removed by
shaving or waxing.

74.  Weight loss ,Regular exercise (30min/day) is
recommended.
 Avoid drinks such as cocacola,pepsi,dew,coke,fizzy drink.

75. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS
1.Recommended diet for PCOS include:
Eating more FIBRE AND PROTEIN can helps
make feel full, so you tend to eat less. This
can help with weight control. Aim to eat 25-30
grams of fiber per day .
•List of high fibre and protein diet is:
Fruit –black berries

76.  pears oranges apple
bananas
mango
apricots

77.  guava date
Vegetables- greenpea
carrots
beetroot
sweetpotato
cauliflower

78. cabbage turnip raddishs
tomato
WHOLE GRAINS
oats
wheat
barley
popcorn
maize

79. rice
LEGUMES(kabuli chana)
blackpeas
black eye peas
soybeans
kidney beans

80. Moong Dal Moong Whole Urad Dal Urad Dal with Skin
Urad Whole Moth Dal
Chana Dal
Toor Dal
Masoor Dal

81. Nuts and seeds – such as almonds, sunflower seeds,groundnut ,
Pishtashio,pumpkin seeds,cashews,watermelon

82. cheese ANIMAL DIET
egg(white part)
meat fish
Milk
yogurt

83. PLANT FOOD
SALADS

84. never miss breakfast. some
adolescents choose to skip
breakfast as a means to lose
weight. however, skipping
breakfast actually makes people
more likely to snack throughout
the day and eat a larger meal at
lunch and dinner. as a result,
skipping breakfast may cause
weight gain by making them eat

86. Make vegetables with mustard oil. Try to include
sunflower,soybean and olive oil also.
Use skinless meat(chicken)and use white meat.
Bake, grill, boil , steam and
microwave foods instead of
frying them.

87.  Nonrecommended diet for PCOS include:
yellow butter
foods that are high in sugar soda or drinks

88. Limit foods such as smoked meats,canned vegetables and sauses

89.  avoid red meat,skin meat.avoid meat of pork and goat etc

Fastfood
Snacks

90. EXERCISE
AVOIDGAMES

91. step classes
Resistance Exercise
Aerobic Exercise

92. Jogging

93. FUNCTIONS OF EXERCISE:
 Regulates blood glucose levels
 Offers a mood boost
 Increases endorphins (the body’s natural opioids)
 Increases weight loss
 burning off calories and losing weight
 maintaining muscle tone
 increasing your metabolic rate (the amount of calories your
body burns 24 hours a day)
 improving blood circulation
 improving heart and lung function
 increasing your sense of self-control
 reducing your level of stress

94. INSTRUCTIONS TO LOSE WEIGHT:
Drink lots of water.Atleast 2 -2.5 litre of
water a day.