The document describes different approaches to teaching literature: 1) The information-based approach focuses on eliciting information from students about the text and explaining the content. 2) The moral-philosophical approach incorporates moral values and asks students about values learned from the text. 3) The personal-response approach encourages students to relate themes to personal experiences and express responses and opinions. 4) The stylistics approach guides students to interpret texts by examining language and discuss meanings beyond surface level. The observations revealed both teachers tended to use the information-based and paraphrastic approaches, having students read aloud and the teacher explain the text.

1. Information-Based Approach Moral-Philosophical Approach
Elicit information from students about the text Incorporate moral values in lessons
Explain the content of the text to the class Ask students the values they learn from the text
Ask questions to check students' knowledge based Get students to search moral values from a text
on what they have read
Raise students' awareness of values derived from
Provide students with background information the text
Personal-Response Approach Stylistics Approach
Encourage students to relate the themes to Guide students to interpret a text by looking at
personal experiences the language used by the author
Elicit students' response to a text Get students to mark any linguistic features from
the text that are significant to their reading
Encourage students to express feelings towards
the issues of the text My literature lesson looks at the language of the
text, thus, encourages language awareness
Guide students to express their opinions towards
a text Encourage students to discuss beyond the surface
meaning of the text
Set language activities in literature lesson
The classroom observations of both teachers
Encourage students to actively participate in the
revealed a high tendency of using
process of understanding the meaning of text
the paraphrastic approach and the information-
Students work with their classmates in the
based approach in teaching the
process of understanding the text
Literature Component in English. It was clearly
Generate language practice using the text
noted that students were asked to
Paraphrastic Approach
read aloud the literary text to the entire class.
Re-tell the text to students to help them This was followed by the teacher
understand
giving explanation of what was being read.
Use simple terms to explain what the story is However, it was noticed that teacher
about to students
P would read the text aloud again, going through
Discuss what the author says in the text every unfamiliar terms found in
Get students to tell the storyline of the text the text. Teacher Q would explain and summarize
the entire text in simple