The document provides an overview of verbs in English, categorizing them into action, linking, and auxiliary verbs, while explaining their functions and examples. It covers different verb tenses including simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous, along with rules for subject-verb agreement and the use of irregular verbs. Additionally, it illustrates proper grammatical structures for each tense and agreement rule to ensure clarity in sentence construction.

1. GROUP
2

2. TOPI
CS
Action, Linking and
Auxillary Verbs
Simple Tenses Subject-Verb
Agreement
Continuous Tenses Perfect Tenses
Perfect Continuos
Tenses
Irregular Verbs

3. Action,
Lingking
and
Auxillary
Verbs

4. Action Verbs:
Action, Lingking and
Auxillary Verbs
Verbs are a central part of grammar, and they
can be categorized into different types based
on their function in a sentence. Here’s a
breakdown of action, linking, and auxiliary
verbs:
express physical or mental actions
performed by the subject of the sentence.
● Physical Actions: run, jump,
eat, write
○ She runs every morning.
○ He wrote a letter.
● Mental Actions: think, decide,
understand, remember
○ They decided to go on
vacation.
○ I remember meeting her
before.
EXAMPLE:

5. Linking Verbs:
connect the subject of a sentence to a subject
complement (which can be an adjective or a
noun). They do not show action but rather
describe or identify the subject.
● Forms of "to be": am, is, are,
was, were, will be, etc.
○ She is a teacher.
○ They were excited.
● Other linking verbs: seem,
become, appear, feel, look,
taste, sound, etc.
○ The cake smells
delicious.
○ He became upset.
Common Linking
Verbs:
Action, Lingking and
Auxillary Verbs

6. Auxillary Verbs:also known as helping verbs, assist the main
verb in a sentence to form different tenses,
moods, voices, or aspects.
● Forms of "to be": am, is, are, was, were,
being, been
○ She is running. (present continuous
tense)
○ The cake has been eaten. (present
perfect passive voice)
● Forms of "to have": have, has, had
○ I have finished my homework. (present perfect tense)
○ She had left before I arrived. (past perfect tense)
Common Auxiliary
Verbs:
● Forms of “to do”: do, does, did
○ Do you like ice cream? (used in questions)
○ He did not know the answer. (used in negatives)
Action, Lingking and
Auxillary Verbs

7. Simple
Tenses

8. Simple Tenses:
Simple Tenses
are a fundamental way to express actions or states
of being in English. They convey time without using
complex structures or auxiliary verbs beyond the
basic forms. Here’s a rundown of the simple tenses:
● To describe habitual actions, general truths, or
routines.
● To express states of being or situations that are
currently true.
Simple Present Tense:

9. Simple Tenses
Structure:
● Affirmative: Subject + base form of the verb (with "s
or"es" for third person singular)
○ I walk to school.
○ She walks to school.
● Negative: Subject + do/does + not + base form of the
verb
○ I do not (don’t) walk to school.
○ She does not (doesn’t) walk to school.
● Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + base form of the
verb?
○ Do you walk to school?
○ Does she walk to school?

10. Simple Tenses
● To describe actions that were completed in the past at a specific time.
● To talk about past habits or states.
Structure:
● Affirmative: Subject + past form of the verb
○ I walked to school yesterday.
○ She walked to school last week.
● Negative: Subject + did not (didn’t) + base form of the verb
○ I did not (didn’t) walk to school yesterday.
○ She did not (didn’t) walk to school last week.
● Interrogative: Did + subject + base form of the verb?
○ Did you walk to school yesterday?
○ Did she walk to school last week?
Simple Past Tense:

11. Simple Tenses
● To describe actions that will happen in the future.
● To make predictions or express plans.
Structure:
● Affirmative: Subject + will + base form of the verb
○ I will walk to school tomorrow.
○ She will walk to school next week.
● Negative: Subject + will not (won’t) + base form of the verb
○ I will not (won’t) walk to school tomorrow.
○ She will not (won’t) walk to school next week.
● Interrogative: Will + subject + base form of the verb?
○ Will you walk to school tomorrow?
○ Will she walk to school next week?
Simple Future
Tense:

12. Subject-
Verb
Agreeme
nt

13. Subject-Verb
Agreement:
is a grammatical rule that requires the
subject and verb in a sentence to agree in
number (singular or plural). In other words, a
singular subject takes a singular verb, while a
plural subject takes a plural verb. This
agreement is crucial for creating
grammatically correct sentences
Subject-Verb
Agreement

14. Basic Rules of Subject-
Verb Agreement:
Singular and Plural Subjects
○ Singular Subject: A singular subject requires a singular verb.
■ The cat runs quickly.
■ She writes a letter.
○ Plural Subject: A plural subject requires a plural verb.
■ The cats run quickly.
■ They write letters.
Subject-Verb
Agreement

15. Basic Rules of Subject-
Verb Agreement:
Using “Be” Verbs
○ Singular Subject: Use singular forms of the verb “to be” (is,
was).
■ He is happy.
■ The book was on the table.
○ Plural Subject: Use plural forms of the verb “to be” (are, were).
■ They are happy.
■ The books were on the table.
Subject-Verb
Agreement

16. Basic Rules of Subject-
Verb Agreement:
Indefinite Pronouns
Some indefinite pronouns are always singular (e.g., everyone,
anyone, someone), while others are always plural (e.g., several,
few, many).
○ Singular:
■ Everyone is here.
■ Someone has called you.
○ Plural:
■ Several are missing.
Subject-Verb
Agreement

17. Basic Rules of Subject-
Verb Agreement:
Compound Subjects
⚬ Joined by "and": Use a plural verb.
￭ The dog and the cat are playing together.
⚬ Joined by "or" or "nor": The verb should agree with the
subject closest to it.
￭ Neither the manager nor the employees were
informed.
￭ Either the cat or the dogs are making noise.
Subject-Verb
Agreement

18. Basic Rules of Subject-
Verb Agreement:
Collective Nouns
Collective nouns (e.g., team, group, family) can take either
singular or plural verbs depending on whether the noun is acting
as a single unit or as individual members.
⚬ As a Single Unit (Singular):
￭ The team is winning the game.
￭ The family has moved to a new house.
⚬ As Individuals (Plural):
￭ The team are arguing among themselves.
￭ The family are all going to different colleges.
Subject-Verb
Agreement

19. Basic Rules of Subject-
Verb Agreement:
Amounts and Quantities
When referring to an amount of money, time, or distance, the
verb agrees with the amount rather than the individual items.
⚬ Five dollars is a reasonable price. (singular, because “five
dollars” is considered a single amount)
⚬ Ten miles are too far to walk. (plural, because “ten miles”
refers to multiple miles)
Subject-Verb
Agreement

20. Continu
ous
Tenses

21. Continuous Tenses
also known as progressive tenses, describe actions that are
ongoing or in progress at a certain point in time. These tenses are
formed using the verb "to be" and the present participle (verb + -ing)
form. There are three main
continuous tenses:
Future Continuous
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Continuous tenses:

22. Continuous Tenses
Describes an action happening now or around the
current moment.
Structure:
Subject + am/is/are + verb (ing)
Example:
She is studying for the exam.
Present
Continuous:

23. Continuous Tenses
Describes an action that was ongoing at a specific time
in the past.
Structure:
Subject + was/were + verb (ing)
Example:
They were watching TV when I called.
Past Continuous:

24. Continuous Tenses
Describes an action that will be ongoing at a specific
time in the future.
Structure:
Subject + will be + verb (ing)
Example:
He will be working at 8 PM tomorrow
Future
Continuous:

25. Perfect
Tenses

26. Present Perfect:
Describes an action that happened at some indefinite time in
the past or started in the past and continues to the present.
Structure:
Subject + have/has + past participle
Example:
She has finished her homework.
Perfect Tenses

27. Past Perfect:
Describes an action that was completed before another action
or point in the past.
Structure:
Subject + had + past participle
Example:
By the time he arrived, I had already left.
Perfect Tenses

28. Future Perfect:
Describes an action that will be completed before a specific
point in the future.
Structure:
Subject + will have + past participle
Example:
By next year, they will have completed the project.
Perfect Tenses

29. Perfect
continuo
us

30. Perfect continuous
tenses
Describe actions that began in the past, continued for a certain
period, and are connected to another point in time (present, past, or
future). These tenses are formed using a combination of the verb "to
have," the past participle of "been," and the present participle (verb + -
ing) of the main verb.
There are three perfect
continuous tenses:
Future Perfect
Continuous
Present Perfect
Continuous
Past Perfect
Continuous
Perfect continuous
tenses:

31. Perfect continuous
tenses
Describes an action that started in the past and is
still continuing or just recently stopped, with relevance
to the present.
Structure:
Subject + have/has + been + verb (ing)
Example:
She has been studying for three hours.
Present Perfect
Continuous:

32. Perfect continuous
tenses
Describes an action that was ongoing up until
another action or time in the past.
Structure:
Subject + had + been + verb (ing)
Example:
He had been working for five hours before he took a
break.
Past Perfect
Continuous:

33. Perfect continuous
tenses
Describes an action that will be ongoing for a
period of time before a certain point in the future.
Structure:
Subject + will have + been + verb (ing)
Example:
By next week, I will have been living here for two
years.
Future Perfect
Continuous:

34. Irregula
r Verbs

35. is a verb that does not follow the standard pattern of adding
-ed to form its past tense and past participle. Instead, these verbs
undergo changes in their spelling or remain the same in their
different forms.
Examples:
Go went (past tense), gone (past participle)
→
Begin began (past tense), begun (past participle)
→
Take took (past tense), taken (past participle)
→
Cut cut (past tense), cut (past participle)
→
Irregular Verbs
Irregular Verbs:

36. Regular vs. Irregular Verbs:
Regular Verbs: Follow a predictable pattern by adding -ed for both
past tense and past participle.
Example: Walk walked (past tense and past participle)
→
Irregular Verbs: Do not follow a consistent pattern and must be
memorized.
Example: Eat ate (past tense), eaten (past participle)
→
Irregular verbs are common in English and are used frequently, so
learning them is important for mastering verb conjugations.
Irregular Verbs
Irregular Verbs:

37. Thanks for
Listening