English grammar (intonation & stressed)
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This document discusses English grammar, specifically intonation and stress. It explains that intonation patterns are important for distinguishing statements from questions. It then focuses on explaining the features of stress and intonation that play a significant role in grammar. It provides examples of stressed and unstressed syllables in words and defines the normal rules for placing stress, such as stressing the first syllable of one-syllable words from major word classes like nouns and verbs. It also notes that prepositions and unaccented syllables are usually unstressed.
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Role Of Stress
The document discusses stress in English pronunciation and its importance for effective communication. It defines stress as prominence given to certain syllables in a word. Stressed syllables are louder, longer, higher in pitch, and have a different vowel quality than unstressed syllables. Stress patterns vary between one, two, three, or more syllable words, and can indicate differences in meaning. Mastering stress placement is important for intelligible English speech.
English word stress
Online Phonology Clinic II by Prof. Diana Martínez Salatín
October 2011
info@victoria-ars.com.ar
www.victoria-ars.com.ar
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This document discusses connected speech in English. It covers topics like assimilation, elision, contractions, word stress, syllables, prominent syllables, tonic stress, rhythm, and weak and strong forms. It provides examples and activities to illustrate these concepts. Connected speech involves changes in sounds, stress and intonation that occur in natural speech when words are spoken together in sentences rather than in isolation.
Stress in English
This document discusses stress in English words. It defines stress as the relative emphasis given to certain syllables. Stress is represented with symbols like a capital letter or circle. Stressed syllables are longer, louder, higher in pitch, and have a purer vowel sound. The document provides rules for determining stress patterns in words, including compound words. Stress typically falls on the first syllable of two-syllable words and compounds. Suffixes usually do not change the stress of a word. Exceptions include words ending in -tion, -ian, -sion, -ic, and -ity, which often shift stress to the preceding syllable. Examples are provided to illustrate stress patterns.
Stress
Stress refers to the emphasis or prominence given to certain syllables in a word. In English, stressed syllables are louder, higher-pitched, and longer than unstressed syllables. The location and degree of stress can influence the meaning of words and is an important part of pronunciation. Rules for determining stress are complex and often irregular, so it is best learned through listening practice.
Prominence
This document discusses prominence and stress in spoken language. It notes that prominence is produced by factors like loudness, length, pitch, and quality, with pitch and length being the strongest factors. There are three levels of stress: primary, secondary, and unstressed. Primary stress involves the principal pitch prominence in a word. The document then provides rules for determining stress patterns in different types of words like words ending in suffixes like -tion or -ical, two-syllable verbs versus nouns, compound words, and more. Stress is an important aspect of spoken language that impacts meaning.
Stress
Stress in linguistics refers to giving extra force to certain syllables when speaking. In English, some syllables are pronounced with greater force and are considered stressed. The level of stress can be primary, secondary, or unstressed. Primary stress is given to the most prominent syllable, while secondary stress is weaker. Some words have variable stress that changes depending on whether the word is by itself or in a sentence. The placement of stress helps determine meaning and the structure of sentences.
Syllable and stress
This document defines syllables and different types of syllables such as closed, vowel-consonant-e, open, vowel team, vowel-r, consonant-le, and leftovers. It also discusses types of words according to number of syllables like monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic, and polysyllabic words. Additionally, it covers topics like stress (emphatic, contrastive, tonic, new information, word, and sentence stress), patterns of stress in syllables (monosyllabic, disyllabic, and multi/polysyllabic words), and degrees of stress (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quatern
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The document discusses stress in English pronunciation and its importance for effective communication. It defines stress as prominence given to certain syllables in a word. Stressed syllables are louder, longer, higher in pitch, and have a different vowel quality than unstressed syllables. Stress patterns vary between one, two, three, or more syllable words, and can indicate differences in meaning. Mastering stress placement is important for intelligible English speech.
English word stress
Online Phonology Clinic II by Prof. Diana Martínez Salatín
October 2011
info@victoria-ars.com.ar
www.victoria-ars.com.ar
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This document discusses connected speech in English. It covers topics like assimilation, elision, contractions, word stress, syllables, prominent syllables, tonic stress, rhythm, and weak and strong forms. It provides examples and activities to illustrate these concepts. Connected speech involves changes in sounds, stress and intonation that occur in natural speech when words are spoken together in sentences rather than in isolation.
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This document discusses stress in English words. It defines stress as the relative emphasis given to certain syllables. Stress is represented with symbols like a capital letter or circle. Stressed syllables are longer, louder, higher in pitch, and have a purer vowel sound. The document provides rules for determining stress patterns in words, including compound words. Stress typically falls on the first syllable of two-syllable words and compounds. Suffixes usually do not change the stress of a word. Exceptions include words ending in -tion, -ian, -sion, -ic, and -ity, which often shift stress to the preceding syllable. Examples are provided to illustrate stress patterns.
Stress
Stress refers to the emphasis or prominence given to certain syllables in a word. In English, stressed syllables are louder, higher-pitched, and longer than unstressed syllables. The location and degree of stress can influence the meaning of words and is an important part of pronunciation. Rules for determining stress are complex and often irregular, so it is best learned through listening practice.
Prominence
This document discusses prominence and stress in spoken language. It notes that prominence is produced by factors like loudness, length, pitch, and quality, with pitch and length being the strongest factors. There are three levels of stress: primary, secondary, and unstressed. Primary stress involves the principal pitch prominence in a word. The document then provides rules for determining stress patterns in different types of words like words ending in suffixes like -tion or -ical, two-syllable verbs versus nouns, compound words, and more. Stress is an important aspect of spoken language that impacts meaning.
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Stress in linguistics refers to giving extra force to certain syllables when speaking. In English, some syllables are pronounced with greater force and are considered stressed. The level of stress can be primary, secondary, or unstressed. Primary stress is given to the most prominent syllable, while secondary stress is weaker. Some words have variable stress that changes depending on whether the word is by itself or in a sentence. The placement of stress helps determine meaning and the structure of sentences.
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This document defines syllables and different types of syllables such as closed, vowel-consonant-e, open, vowel team, vowel-r, consonant-le, and leftovers. It also discusses types of words according to number of syllables like monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic, and polysyllabic words. Additionally, it covers topics like stress (emphatic, contrastive, tonic, new information, word, and sentence stress), patterns of stress in syllables (monosyllabic, disyllabic, and multi/polysyllabic words), and degrees of stress (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quatern
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1) Stress refers to relative emphasis on certain syllables in a word through loudness, length, or pitch. In English, stressed syllables are louder, longer, and higher pitched.
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This document discusses stress or accent in words, specifically:
- Stress refers to emphasizing one syllable over others in a word.
- The level of voice changes on the stressed syllable.
- Vowels may change between stressed and unstressed syllables.
- One-syllable words are always stressed. In two-syllable words, usually the first syllable is stressed but sometimes the second. In longer words, prefixes and suffixes can indicate stress.
- Identical noun-verb pairs often have different stress patterns (e.g. record vs record).
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This document provides an introduction to sounds, stress, and intonation in speech. It discusses phonemes as the smallest units of sound in a language. It describes the difference between sounds and phonemes, and explains stress and intonation patterns in words and sentences. The document also introduces the International Phonetic Alphabet and discusses organs of speech and the speech mechanism.
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Stress refers to prominence given to certain syllables or words in speech. In English, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are typically stressed, while pronouns, prepositions and conjunctions are not. There are three types of stress: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Stress patterns can help distinguish words in exams. Rules for stress placement depend on a word's endings, like stressing the first syllable of words ending in "-ate" if they have three or more syllables. Emphatic stress is used to draw attention to important information by changing pitch.
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The document discusses various aspects of stress and intonation in English, including how stress is realized through louder, longer, and higher pitched syllables and how intonation contributes to the meaning and expression of utterances through rising and falling tones. Word stress rules and patterns of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary stress are examined along with examples of different types of stress including emphatic, contrastive, tonic, and new information stress.
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The document discusses word stress and its importance in achieving smooth oral communication. It explains that stress is the emphasis given to certain syllables in a word and is usually denoted with an apostrophe. The primary stress is always present in a word and determines its correct pronunciation. Words can have different meanings depending on which syllable receives the primary stress. The document provides several rules for determining stress patterns in words of different lengths and with prefixes, suffixes, or as parts of compounds. Mastering word stress helps ensure clear communication through proper pronunciation.
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When speaking English, some parts of an utterance are given more emphasis than others through prominence. Prominence can occur at the syllable or sentence level and involves four aspects: pitch, quality, quantity, and stress. Pitch relates to vocal cord vibration and perceived high or low tones. Quality involves resonator shape and how distinct sounds are perceived. Quantity refers to sound length. Stress is caused by greater muscular energy and perceived as loudness. Accent is assigned based on a syllable's ability to initiate a pitch movement, whereas prominence can involve other factors without pitch variation. Words and compounds can have primary, secondary, or unaccented syllables. Accent placement helps distinguish meanings. Prominence is modified in connected speech through
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Intonation serves several important functions in speech. It helps express attitudes and emotions, accentuate important words, distinguish statements from questions, and clarify grammatical relationships and discourse structure. Intonation patterns include falling, rising, fall-rising and rise-falling tones, which take on different meanings based on factors like voice quality, pitch range, and placement within utterances. While intonation is challenging to analyze, it plays a key role in conveying meaning in spoken language.
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This document discusses word stress patterns in English. It begins by explaining that English word stress can fall on various syllables, unlike some other languages where stress is fixed. It then discusses the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary stress in English. Primary stress is characterized by both rhythmic and intonational prominence, while secondary stress only has rhythmic prominence. The document also examines the vowels that can occur in unstressed syllables in English, which are generally reduced vowels like schwa.
Saleem ...stress
The document discusses English word stress and sentence stress. It explains that English is a stress-timed language where certain syllables within words and certain words within sentences are pronounced with more force. It provides examples of word stress patterns in different types of words. It also discusses how sentence stress gives English its rhythm by emphasizing content words over structure words. The document advises learning the stress patterns of new words from dictionaries or by listening to native English speakers.
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The document provides an overview of suprasegmental features of English pronunciation. It discusses segmental features, which are individual sounds, and suprasegmental features, which are aspects of pronunciation that affect more than one sound, such as stress, rhythm, and intonation. The document focuses on adjustments in connected speech that occur in normal conversational English, such as contractions, blends, linking, and assimilation, and how they help speech sound more fluent and connected.
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This document discusses intonation, which refers to variations in pitch when speaking. It notes intonation plays a key role in expressing meaning. There are different intonation patterns in English, such as statements with falling pitch and questions with rising pitch. These patterns add conventionalized meanings. The focus of a sentence is typically marked with an intonational accent on the last major word, but this can come earlier to emphasize other words. Questions, statements, commands and exclamations each have distinguishing intonation contours. Intonation patterns differ across languages and can lead to cross-cultural misunderstandings regarding emphasis, finality and other meanings.
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This document provides an overview of English stress and intonation. It discusses the concepts of intonation units, stress, content vs function words, the four main types of stress (tonic, emphatic, contrastive, new information), and tones (fall, low-rise, high-rise, fall-rise). It also covers pitch range and the uses of high and low pitch. Key aspects covered include how stress is applied to syllables involving loudness, length and pitch, and how the placement of stress changes based on emphasis, contrast or new information.
03 word stress
The document discusses stress and pronunciation in English words. It explains that English words typically only have one stressed syllable, with unstressed syllables pronounced shorter and quieter. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to the schwa sound. There are some guidelines provided for determining stress patterns in words with different numbers of syllables, compound words, and words with certain suffixes. The document emphasizes the importance of stress for distinguishing word meanings and fluent speech.
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This document discusses English word stress and provides examples. It covers topics such as:
1. What constitutes stressed and unstressed syllables from the speaker and listener perspectives.
2. English has a more differentiated stress pattern than many other languages.
3. Conventions used to indicate stressed and unstressed syllables in phonetic transcriptions.
4. Factors that influence stress placement in English words, including word origin and affixation.
English word stress 2012
This document discusses English word stress and provides examples. It covers topics such as:
1. What stress is from the speaker and listener perspectives.
2. Stress patterns differ more in English than other languages.
3. Conventions used to indicate stressed and unstressed syllables.
4. Factors that influence stress placement in words including historical origin, affixation, and grammatical function.
3 sentences or less.
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This document discusses English word stress. It defines stress as syllables that are longer, louder, and higher in pitch. Stress placement in English words derives from the language's history, with words of Germanic origin typically stressed on the first syllable and words from Latin and Greek often stressed differently. Prefixes, suffixes, compound words, numbers and other grammatical categories can affect stress placement in predictable ways. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate these stress patterns.
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The document discusses various linguistic concepts related to stress and intonation in English, including:
1) Stress refers to relative emphasis on certain syllables in a word through loudness, length, or pitch. In English, stressed syllables are louder, longer, and higher pitched.
2) Words have primary, secondary, and tertiary stresses. Primary stress is on the most prominent syllable.
3) Stress placement and degree varies between content and function words. Content words receive more stress.
4) Stress indicates new information in responses and contrasts in dialogue.
Intonation - Levels of Voice
Functions of Intonation
Differences in Intonation
Intonation Patterns
Word stress Vs Intonation
Levels of voice in English
What is Intonation?
Why do we need Intonation?
Word stress
This document discusses stress or accent in words, specifically:
- Stress refers to emphasizing one syllable over others in a word.
- The level of voice changes on the stressed syllable.
- Vowels may change between stressed and unstressed syllables.
- One-syllable words are always stressed. In two-syllable words, usually the first syllable is stressed but sometimes the second. In longer words, prefixes and suffixes can indicate stress.
- Identical noun-verb pairs often have different stress patterns (e.g. record vs record).
Sounds stress and intonation in the English language
This document provides an introduction to sounds, stress, and intonation in speech. It discusses phonemes as the smallest units of sound in a language. It describes the difference between sounds and phonemes, and explains stress and intonation patterns in words and sentences. The document also introduces the International Phonetic Alphabet and discusses organs of speech and the speech mechanism.
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Stress refers to prominence given to certain syllables or words in speech. In English, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are typically stressed, while pronouns, prepositions and conjunctions are not. There are three types of stress: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Stress patterns can help distinguish words in exams. Rules for stress placement depend on a word's endings, like stressing the first syllable of words ending in "-ate" if they have three or more syllables. Emphatic stress is used to draw attention to important information by changing pitch.
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This document provides an overview of the objectives and content covered in the Phonetics 290B course. The first module focuses on the vocal features of stress, rhythm, and intonation. Students will practice and analyze how these features can change the meaning of words and sentences. They will also compare the use of these features between English and Spanish. The goal is for students to understand the importance of stress, rhythm, and intonation in acquiring good pronunciation in English.
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The document discusses various aspects of stress and intonation in English, including how stress is realized through louder, longer, and higher pitched syllables and how intonation contributes to the meaning and expression of utterances through rising and falling tones. Word stress rules and patterns of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary stress are examined along with examples of different types of stress including emphatic, contrastive, tonic, and new information stress.
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The document discusses word stress and its importance in achieving smooth oral communication. It explains that stress is the emphasis given to certain syllables in a word and is usually denoted with an apostrophe. The primary stress is always present in a word and determines its correct pronunciation. Words can have different meanings depending on which syllable receives the primary stress. The document provides several rules for determining stress patterns in words of different lengths and with prefixes, suffixes, or as parts of compounds. Mastering word stress helps ensure clear communication through proper pronunciation.
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When speaking English, some parts of an utterance are given more emphasis than others through prominence. Prominence can occur at the syllable or sentence level and involves four aspects: pitch, quality, quantity, and stress. Pitch relates to vocal cord vibration and perceived high or low tones. Quality involves resonator shape and how distinct sounds are perceived. Quantity refers to sound length. Stress is caused by greater muscular energy and perceived as loudness. Accent is assigned based on a syllable's ability to initiate a pitch movement, whereas prominence can involve other factors without pitch variation. Words and compounds can have primary, secondary, or unaccented syllables. Accent placement helps distinguish meanings. Prominence is modified in connected speech through
The nature of english word stress
Word stress refers to emphasizing certain syllables in a word. There are four factors that make a syllable prominent: loudness, length, pitch, and quality compared to neighboring vowels. Word stress can be dynamic (force of articulation), musical (pitch), or quantitative/qualitative (length/quality of sounds). The document examines word stress from the perspectives of production and perception. It also explores the types of word stress in different languages such as English, Scandinavian, Japanese, and Russian.
Fnctions Of Intonation
Intonation serves several important functions in speech. It helps express attitudes and emotions, accentuate important words, distinguish statements from questions, and clarify grammatical relationships and discourse structure. Intonation patterns include falling, rising, fall-rising and rise-falling tones, which take on different meanings based on factors like voice quality, pitch range, and placement within utterances. While intonation is challenging to analyze, it plays a key role in conveying meaning in spoken language.
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This document discusses word stress patterns in English. It begins by explaining that English word stress can fall on various syllables, unlike some other languages where stress is fixed. It then discusses the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary stress in English. Primary stress is characterized by both rhythmic and intonational prominence, while secondary stress only has rhythmic prominence. The document also examines the vowels that can occur in unstressed syllables in English, which are generally reduced vowels like schwa.
Saleem ...stress
The document discusses English word stress and sentence stress. It explains that English is a stress-timed language where certain syllables within words and certain words within sentences are pronounced with more force. It provides examples of word stress patterns in different types of words. It also discusses how sentence stress gives English its rhythm by emphasizing content words over structure words. The document advises learning the stress patterns of new words from dictionaries or by listening to native English speakers.
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This document discusses intonation and its functions. It outlines four functions of intonation: attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discourse. It then describes the components of tone units, including the tonic syllable and optional pre-head, head and tail elements. Finally, it discusses the different intonation patterns (fall, rise, fall-rise, rise-fall, level) and how they are used to express attitudes and meanings.
Suprasegmentals Part 1 2nd Ed
The document provides an overview of suprasegmental features of English pronunciation. It discusses segmental features, which are individual sounds, and suprasegmental features, which are aspects of pronunciation that affect more than one sound, such as stress, rhythm, and intonation. The document focuses on adjustments in connected speech that occur in normal conversational English, such as contractions, blends, linking, and assimilation, and how they help speech sound more fluent and connected.
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This document discusses intonation, which refers to variations in pitch when speaking. It notes intonation plays a key role in expressing meaning. There are different intonation patterns in English, such as statements with falling pitch and questions with rising pitch. These patterns add conventionalized meanings. The focus of a sentence is typically marked with an intonational accent on the last major word, but this can come earlier to emphasize other words. Questions, statements, commands and exclamations each have distinguishing intonation contours. Intonation patterns differ across languages and can lead to cross-cultural misunderstandings regarding emphasis, finality and other meanings.
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This document provides an overview of English stress and intonation. It discusses the concepts of intonation units, stress, content vs function words, the four main types of stress (tonic, emphatic, contrastive, new information), and tones (fall, low-rise, high-rise, fall-rise). It also covers pitch range and the uses of high and low pitch. Key aspects covered include how stress is applied to syllables involving loudness, length and pitch, and how the placement of stress changes based on emphasis, contrast or new information.
03 word stress
The document discusses stress and pronunciation in English words. It explains that English words typically only have one stressed syllable, with unstressed syllables pronounced shorter and quieter. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to the schwa sound. There are some guidelines provided for determining stress patterns in words with different numbers of syllables, compound words, and words with certain suffixes. The document emphasizes the importance of stress for distinguishing word meanings and fluent speech.
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This document discusses English word stress and provides examples. It covers topics such as:
1. What constitutes stressed and unstressed syllables from the speaker and listener perspectives.
2. English has a more differentiated stress pattern than many other languages.
3. Conventions used to indicate stressed and unstressed syllables in phonetic transcriptions.
4. Factors that influence stress placement in English words, including word origin and affixation.
English word stress 2012
This document discusses English word stress and provides examples. It covers topics such as:
1. What stress is from the speaker and listener perspectives.
2. Stress patterns differ more in English than other languages.
3. Conventions used to indicate stressed and unstressed syllables.
4. Factors that influence stress placement in words including historical origin, affixation, and grammatical function.
3 sentences or less.
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This document discusses English word stress. It defines stress as syllables that are longer, louder, and higher in pitch. Stress placement in English words derives from the language's history, with words of Germanic origin typically stressed on the first syllable and words from Latin and Greek often stressed differently. Prefixes, suffixes, compound words, numbers and other grammatical categories can affect stress placement in predictable ways. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate these stress patterns.
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The document discusses English supra-segmental phonemes, specifically stress. It defines stress as certain syllables being more prominent than others in many languages. It describes degrees of stress and how stressed syllables are louder, higher in pitch, and longer in duration than unstressed syllables. It also discusses word stress and how the placement of stress is sometimes unpredictable in English words with multiple syllables.
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Stress refers to the relative loudness of syllables within words and sentences. There are three types of stress: major stress, minor stress, and schwa. Rhythm deals with the length, number of stressed words, pauses, and intonation in speech. Two-syllable words usually have major stress on the first syllable if a noun and the second if a verb. Compound words have major stress on the first word and minor on the second. Function words are stressed when spoken alone but unstressed in connected speech. Suffixes are stressed on the same syllable as the base word. Contractions involve the loss of the initial consonant of an auxiliary verb.
Suprasegmental features and Prosody
The document discusses several topics related to prosody and suprasegmental features in language:
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- It describes the three main prosodic systems in English: stress, rhythm, and intonation. Stress operates at the word level, rhythm at the phrase level, and intonation spans entire utterances.
- It also discusses topics like word stress patterns, compounds words, and the rhythmic nature of English as being stress-timed.
- Intonation is defined as the melody of an utterance, with elements like pitch accents and their meaning determined by context.
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This document discusses word stress and sentence stress in linguistics. It defines stress as emphasis or prominence given to certain syllables in words or certain words in phrases. Word stress refers to stressing syllables within words, with rules provided for stress patterns in different types of words. Sentence stress involves accenting content words over structure words to convey meaning. Examples are given to illustrate both word stress and sentence stress.
Pronunciation Symbols In Dictionaries
The document discusses pronunciation symbols used in the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. It explains that pronunciations use the International Phonetic Alphabet and shows both British and American pronunciations if they differ. Stress patterns are indicated to show emphasis. Syllable divisions are marked, and there are notes on weak and strong forms of common words.
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The document discusses stress patterns in English prefixes and suffixes. It explains that stress is an important feature of English pronunciation and proper use of stress patterns is needed to be a powerful English communicator. It then provides examples of different types of word stress and sentence stress. Finally, it discusses rules related to stress and affixes, specifically discussing how some suffixes change the stress of words while others do not.
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The document discusses stress patterns in English prefixes and suffixes. It explains that stress is an important feature of English pronunciation and proficiency in stress patterns is needed to be a powerful English communicator. It then provides examples of different types of word stress and sentence stress. Finally, it discusses rules related to stress and affixes, specifically discussing how some suffixes change the stress of words while others do not.
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Phonetics and phonology, Tones, Dipthongs
Received Pronunciation (RP) is considered the standard British English accent. It is an accent, not a dialect, as RP speakers use Standard English. There are 20 vowels in English that can be divided into 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs. Vowels are classified based on tongue position and lip rounding. Word stress helps distinguish grammatical functions and morphological structures in English. Suprasegmental features like stress, tone, and rhythm are important for meaningful speech. Intonation involves pitch changes and conveys meanings through tones like falling, rising, and fall-rise.
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Suprasegmental properties refer to aspects of sound that are not properties of individual segments like vowels and consonants, and include pitch, loudness, length, tone, intonation, and stress. Tone and intonation involve controlled pitch movement, with tone distinguishing word meanings in tonal languages and intonation conveying information without changing meaning. Stress involves combining pitch, loudness, and length to emphasize certain syllables in words for purposes like marking boundaries and adding contrast.
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This document discusses various aspects of suprasegmental phonology including terminology, features, syllables, syllable structure, rhythm, stress, prominence, tone languages, intonation and word accent. Some key points include:
- Suprasegmentals refer to aspects of sound such as intonation that are not properties of individual segments. Features include pitch, loudness, tempo, rhythm and stress.
- A syllable contains a vowel and may contain consonants. Syllables are divided into onset, nucleus and coda.
- Rhythm is a pattern of accented and unaccented syllables. Accented syllables are more prominent due to factors like volume, duration and pitch. Prominence can affect
English Pholonogy (II Bimestre)
Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja
Inglés
English Phonology
II Bimestre
Abril-Agosto 2007
Ponente: Dra. Cármen Benitez
FEB.232024 Catch up Fridays-WORDSTRESS.pptx
Here are the stressed syllables underlined for each word:
1. fi-DE-li-ty
2. LOV-a-ble
3. HAP-pi-ness
4. re-SPECT
5. GOOD-ness
6. for-GIVE
7. be-LIEVE
8. o-BEY
9. HON-es-ty
10. GRATE-ful
Word and sentence stress
English is a stress-timed language, meaning stress occurs at regular intervals based on the number of stressed syllables rather than the total number of syllables. Sentences contain both content words, which carry meaning and are usually stressed, and function words like articles and prepositions, which are usually unstressed. Stress has three levels - primary, secondary, and weak - and changing stress can alter a word or sentence's meaning.
Stress in English (Record).pptx
Stress refers to emphasis placed on certain syllables or words. Word stress emphasizes syllables within words, usually the first or last. Sentence stress emphasizes content words over structure words to create rhythm. Content words carry meaning while structure words are grammatical. The time between stressed words is always the same to create English's rhythmic "beat". Understanding stress helps comprehend spoken English, especially fast speech.
Stress.ppt
This document discusses stress in English pronunciation. It defines stress as the degree of force used to pronounce a syllable. Stressed syllables are pronounced with more force than unstressed syllables. The key aspects that make a syllable prominent, or stressed, are loudness, length, pitch, and vowel sound. English words can have primary, secondary, or no stress on their syllables. The placement of stress in words is complex and depends on factors like the number of syllables, word class, affixes, and phonological structure. General rules are provided for stress patterns in two-syllable and three-syllable words of different word classes. Stress can also shift between related words of different classes, like nou
Role Of Stress To Become A Powerful Communicator
Stress is an important feature of English pronunciation. A stressed syllable is denoted by a vertical line before it in transcription. Factors that make a syllable prominent include loudness, length, pitch, and vowel quality. There are two main types of stress: word stress and sentence stress. Function words like articles, prepositions and helping verbs are typically unstressed, while content words like nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are stressed. Learning rules of stress placement is important for becoming a powerful English communicator.
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English grammar (intonation & stressed)
- 1. ENGLISH GRAMMAR Intonation & Stress
- 2. ENGLISH GRAMMAR Intonation You may need some knowledge of English intonation patterns if you are to understand English grammar. This is because the features of intonation are important for signalling grammatical distinctions; such as that between statements and question. For example, a sentence like They are leaving can be a statement when said with falling intonation, but a question with rising intonation.
- 3. ENGLISH GRAMMAR Here we concentrate on explaining those features with of stress and intonation which play a significant role in grammar, and which therefore need to be discussed and symbolized. Stress; Symbolized with a stress mark (‘-) ‘over, an’alysis, transfor’mation ( stress on first, second and third syllabel respectively)
- 4. ENGLISH GRAMMAR Stress; The rhytm of English is based on stress. In connected speech, we feel the rhytm of the language in the sequence of stressed syllabels. Between one stressed syllable and another there may occur one or more unstressed syllables. The stress syllables in these examples are preceded by the stress mark ‘ , and the unstressed syllables are unmarked.
- 5. ENGLISH GRAMMAR Examples: I ‘rang you on the ‘ way to the ‘ airport. It went ‘ off ‘ smoothly that ‘ long ‘ meeting of the ex’ ecutive com’mitee. This means that the syllabels in SMALL CAPITALS above are stressed.
- 6. ENGLISH GRAMMAR The normal rules for placing stress are as follows. The syllables which are stressed are: a one syllabels word which belongs to one of the major word classes (i.e nouns (WAY), verbs (RANG), adjectives (LONG), adverbs (OFF). the accented syllables of words of more than one syllabel of major word classes ( i.e SMOOTHly, ‘ AIRport, com’MITEE).
- 7. ENGLISH GRAMMAR The syllable which are unstressed are: a word belonging to one of the minor word classes (i.e prepositions (to), pronouns (it), articles (the). the unaccented syllabels of words more than one syllabels (i.e ‘SMOOTHly, ‘AIRport. com’MITEE).
- 8. ENGLISH GRAMMAR One point to notice is that a prepositional adverbs belongs to a major word-class and is therefore stressed, whereas a one- syllabel prepositions is usually unstressed. Contrast: This ’bed has’ not been’ slept in. (in= prepositions). The’ injured’ man was’ carried ‘in. (in= prepositional adverb). The same contrast is sometimes seen between the particle of a prepositional adverb & phrasal verb. He’s re’lying on our ‘help. (rely on= prepositional verb). He’s ‘putting ‘on a ‘new ‘play. (put on= phrasal verb).