Saleem ...stress
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The document discusses English word stress and sentence stress. It explains that English is a stress-timed language where certain syllables within words and certain words within sentences are pronounced with more force. It provides examples of word stress patterns in different types of words. It also discusses how sentence stress gives English its rhythm by emphasizing content words over structure words. The document advises learning the stress patterns of new words from dictionaries or by listening to native English speakers.
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Saleem ...stress
- 1. Muhammad Saleem Safi Language Instructor saleemmuhammad828@gmail.com AWKUM
- 2. Why ?
- 3. to emphasize Stress is the degree of force with which a syllable or a word is uttered. ENGLISH IS A STRESS TIMED LANGUAGE
- 4. To understand word stress, it helps to understand syllables. Every word is made from syllables. Each word has one, two, three or more syllables.
- 5. A unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel, diphthongs
- 6. 1-primary level Primary stress is represented with a high mark (‘). 2-secondary level Secondary stress with a low mark(,) 3-tertiary level Tertiary stress with no mark.
- 7. When a syllable/word is stressed, it is pronounced longer in duration higher in pitch louder in volume
- 8. 1-word stress :It shows that what syllable in a word is stressed 2-Sentence stress: It shows what words in a sentence are stressed
- 9. A word stress means a prominent syllable word pattern tea.cher • . beau.ti.ful • . . un.der.stand . . • con.ti.nue . • .
- 10. Longer teeeeeeeeeeee cher Higher tea cher Louder TEA cher All three combined TEEEEEEEEEEE cher
- 11. Word type Where is the stress? Examples Two syllables Nouns on the first syllable center object flower Verbs on the last syllable release admit arrange Compound Nouns (N + N) (Adj. + N) on the first part desktop pencil case bookshelf greenhouse Adjectives (Adj. + P.P.) on the last part (the verb part) well-meant hard-headed old-fashioned Verbs (prep. + verb) understand overlook outperform
- 12. Word type Where is the stress? Examples Phrasal Verbs on the particle turn off buckle up hand out Word with added ending -ic the syllable before the ending economic Geometric electrical -tion, -cian, -sion Technician graduation cohesion -phy, -gy, -try, -cy, -fy, -al the third from the last syllable Photography biology geometry -meter Parameter Thermometer barometer
- 13. 1-Her ‘conduct is good. (noun) She con’ducts herself well. (verb) 2-What is our ‘import policy. (adjective) We im’port this item from USA (verb) 3-He was ‘present here yesterday . (adjective) Please pre’sent your case . (verb) 4-Tell me the ‘object of your case. (noun) I ob’ject to your ideas. (verb) 5-What are your ‘subjects of study? (noun) He was sub’jected to torture. (verb)
- 14. Sentence stress is what gives English its rhythm You remember that word stress is accent on one syllable within a word. Sentence stress is accent on certain words within a sentence.
- 15. a) Content words b) Structure words Content words are the key words of a sentence. They are the important words that carry the meaning or sense. Structure words are not very important words. They are small, simple words that make the sentence correct grammatically. If you remove the structure words from a sentence, you will probably still understand the sentence. Sentences Stress types
- 16. Content words - stressed Words carrying the meaning Example main verbs SELL, GIVE, EMPLOY nouns CAR, MUSIC, MARY adjectives RED, BIG, INTERESTING adverbs QUICKLY, LOUDLY, NEVER negative auxiliaries DON'T, AREN'T, CAN'T Structure words - unstressed Words for correct grammar Example pronouns he, we, they prepositions on, at, into articles a, an, the conjunctions and, but, because auxiliary verbs do, be, have, can, must
- 17. SELL CAR GONE FRANCE Imagine that you receive this message:
- 18. Will you SELL my CAR because I’ve GONE to FRANCE
- 19. MAN LEAVE HOME
- 20. The MAN is going to LEAVE his HOME
- 21. Let's take three words: Photograph Photographer Photographic Do they sound the same when spoken?
- 22. No, Because we stress ONE syllable in each word. And it is NOT always the same syllable. So the shape of each word is different.
- 23. f t r fˈ əʊ əɡ ɑː f t r f (r)əˈ ɒɡ ə ə f t ræf kəʊ əˈɡ ɪ
- 24. Think again about the two words photograph and photographer. Now imagine that you are speaking to somebody by telephone over a very bad line. You cannot hear clearly. In fact, you hear only the first two syllables of one of these words, photo ... Which word is it, photograph or photographer?
- 25. Of course, with word stress you will know immediately which word it is because in reality you will hear either PHOto... or phoTO... So without hearing the whole word, you probably know what the word is ( PHOto...graph or phoTO...grapher). It's magic!
- 26. The best way to learn where to put a word stress is from experience. Listen carefully to Native speaker When you learn a new word, you should also learn its stress pattern. All dictionaries give the phonetic transcription of a word. Stress syllable is shown with vertical line(‘) high up just before or just after the stressed syllable. Using of Dictionary 1. Transcription 2. American/ British 3. Stress 4. Meanings 5. Use 6. Idiomatic
- 27. Most of our students learn English grammar from books. Agree…??