The Government Shutdown in United States
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The document discusses government shutdowns in the United States. It provides details on several shutdowns between 1976-2013, including the causes such as disagreements over funding abortion and budget cuts. Shutdowns result when Congress and the President cannot agree on appropriations bills to fund government operations. During a shutdown, non-essential government services are suspended. The longest shutdowns lasted 18 days under President Carter in 1978 due to disagreements over Medicaid funding for abortions.
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MTBiz is for you if you are looking for contemporary information on business, economy and especially on banking industry of Bangladesh. You would also find periodical information on Global Economy and Commodity Markets.
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Texas in our federal system 4 3 20
The document discusses the evolution of federalism in the United States from the Articles of Confederation to the modern day. It outlines how the original Constitution established a system of dual sovereignty between the national and state governments, with ongoing conflicts around their respective powers. The Supreme Court has positioned itself as the final arbiter of constitutional interpretation, but questions remain around which level of government has ultimate authority in different policy areas like public health emergencies.
# 153120 Cust Cengage Au Dautrich Pg. No. 54 Title T.docx
# 153120 Cust: Cengage Au: Dautrich Pg. No. 54
Title: The Enduring Democracy, 4e
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DESIGN SERVICES OF
S4carliSle
Publishing Services
3 Federalism
Chapter
The national cemetery at Gettysburg,
where states’ rights were contested
most violently in 1863.
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Federalism
T
he term federal comes from the Latin foedus, which means a covenant, or an agree-
ment linking different entities. A federal (or federated) system of government is one in
which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political subunits.
Both types of government are linked in order to provide for the pursuit of common ends; at the
same time, each government maintains its own integrity. Federalism, the doctrine underlying
such a system, generally requires the existence of a central government tier and at least one ma-
jor subnational tier of governments (usually referred to as “states” or “provinces”). Each tier is
then assigned its own significant government powers. What may sound simple in the abstract
has proven quite difficult in practice. How exactly does a political system divide sovereignty
between two thriving branches of government without creating animosities among the com-
peting branches that may threaten to undermine the system in the first place?De
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Learning Objectives
3.1 What Is FederalIsm?
• Define federalism and compare it to other forms of government, including con-
federations and unitary systems of government
• Explain how the Constitution differentiates between federal government pow-
ers, state government powers, and concurrent powers
• Describe the powers accorded to Congress under Article I
• Explain the significance of the supremacy clause, the preemption doctrine, and
the full faith and credit clause of Article IV in distributing sovereignty
3.2 the hIstory oF amerICan FederalIsm
• Define the five eras of American federalism and assess the role played by the
Supreme Court in articulating state–federal relations during each era
• Evaluate different forms of federalism (layer-cake federalism versus marble-
cake federalism) in the modern era
3.3 Why FederalIsm? advantages and dIsadvantages
• Identify the advantages and disadvantages of federalism in terms of fairness
and accountability
WATCH & LEARN for American Government
Watch a brief “What Do You Know?” video summarizing Federalism.
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Now
Although Congress often injects itself.
Running head S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191S.1494-S.docx
Running head: S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191
S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20193
S.1494-Secure and Protect Act Of 2019
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
S.1494-Secure and Protect Act of 2019
Problem ID and
Solution
President Donald Trump has not provided a roadmap for re-establishing the U.S. refugee and asylum systems. The refugee crisis is an international issue, and the U.S. should embrace becoming a global humanitarian leader on the disaster. In response, a S.1494-Secure and Protect Act of 2019 bill aims to prevent and respond to the U.S. government’s decisions and tries to close the U.S. openings for refugees and asylum-seekers (S. 1494 — 116th Congress, 2019). The bill will ensure the amendment of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 to shield alien juveniles. Also, a review of the Immigration and Nationality Act will ensure no more oppression of the asylum-seekers system as well as building refugee application and clearance bodies outside the country. It gives a vision for responding to the global refugee crisis as well as restoring the U.S. humanitarian lost glory under Donald Trump. Senator Graham Lindsey of South Carolina introduced the bill on May 15, 2019, in Congress.
CAN Analysis
Biblical Guidelines
Efforts to undermine the country's programs for refugees and asylum is an injustice issue. The government is always responsible for the safeguarding the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers according to the fundamental right for refugees which is the right not to be subject to oppression, established in Article 33 of the 1951 Convention (Erickson, 2019). The biblical teachings provide guidelines in evaluation of the U.S. government's refugee issues, Muslim ban, and the border wall (McDowell, 2008). The Bible brings out an obligation to treat strangers with dignity and hospitality. In Deuteronomy 23:15-16, the Bible says, "You shall not hand over to his master a slave who has escaped from his master to you…" Also, Acts 18:2 says, "And he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, recently having come from Italy with his wife Priscilla because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to leave Rome," “Fincham, 2018). As per Scriptures, it is a government's responsibility to protect the rights and interests of refugees and asylum-seekers.
The Constitutional Guidelines
The Refugee Act of 1980 passed in the Congress in the United States gives legal grounds for the current U.S. Refugee Admission Program. President Jimmy Carter signed the Act into legislation on March 17, 1980. The law provides a permanent and systematic process for admitting refugees of particular humanitarian interest to the U.S. and offers comprehensive and equal provisions for the immediate absorption and resettlement of refugees and asylum.
Political
The bill is at its introduction stage and was tabled in the Senate on May 15, 2019. It was read two times in the Senate and presented to t.
Running head S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191S.1494-S.docx
Running head: S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191
S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20193
S.1494-Secure and Protect Act Of 2019
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
S.1494-Secure and Protect Act of 2019
Problem ID and
Solution
President Donald Trump has not provided a roadmap for re-establishing the U.S. refugee and asylum systems. The refugee crisis is an international issue, and the U.S. should embrace becoming a global humanitarian leader on the disaster. In response, a S.1494-Secure and Protect Act of 2019 bill aims to prevent and respond to the U.S. government’s decisions and tries to close the U.S. openings for refugees and asylum-seekers (S. 1494 — 116th Congress, 2019). The bill will ensure the amendment of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 to shield alien juveniles. Also, a review of the Immigration and Nationality Act will ensure no more oppression of the asylum-seekers system as well as building refugee application and clearance bodies outside the country. It gives a vision for responding to the global refugee crisis as well as restoring the U.S. humanitarian lost glory under Donald Trump. Senator Graham Lindsey of South Carolina introduced the bill on May 15, 2019, in Congress.
CAN Analysis
Biblical Guidelines
Efforts to undermine the country's programs for refugees and asylum is an injustice issue. The government is always responsible for the safeguarding the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers according to the fundamental right for refugees which is the right not to be subject to oppression, established in Article 33 of the 1951 Convention (Erickson, 2019). The biblical teachings provide guidelines in evaluation of the U.S. government's refugee issues, Muslim ban, and the border wall (McDowell, 2008). The Bible brings out an obligation to treat strangers with dignity and hospitality. In Deuteronomy 23:15-16, the Bible says, "You shall not hand over to his master a slave who has escaped from his master to you…" Also, Acts 18:2 says, "And he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, recently having come from Italy with his wife Priscilla because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to leave Rome," “Fincham, 2018). As per Scriptures, it is a government's responsibility to protect the rights and interests of refugees and asylum-seekers.
The Constitutional Guidelines
The Refugee Act of 1980 passed in the Congress in the United States gives legal grounds for the current U.S. Refugee Admission Program. President Jimmy Carter signed the Act into legislation on March 17, 1980. The law provides a permanent and systematic process for admitting refugees of particular humanitarian interest to the U.S. and offers comprehensive and equal provisions for the immediate absorption and resettlement of refugees and asylum.
Political
The bill is at its introduction stage and was tabled in the Senate on May 15, 2019. It was read two times in the Senate and presented to t ...
US Shutdown {Brief}
The US government has shut down due to a lack of agreement on a funding bill between Republicans and Democrats. Republicans want to delay the Affordable Care Act as part of any funding bill, while Democrats refuse. As a result, around 800,000 non-essential government workers have been furloughed and national parks and agencies have closed most operations. Congress must pass a clean funding bill without restrictions on the ACA or find another compromise to end the shutdown.
Passing Healthcare Reform- Key Politicians’ impacts with Regards to Switzer...
This document discusses healthcare reform in the United States and Switzerland. It describes key politicians involved in passing reform in the US, including President Obama pushing for reform over Republican opposition. In Switzerland, a commission developed reform proposals that required approval via national referendum due to Switzerland's direct democracy system, resulting in a slower pace of reform. The document compares the political challenges faced in passing healthcare reform in the two countries.
A2 Edexcel Government & Politics Unit 4 examples and case studies
This document provides information on checks and balances between the three branches of government in the US (executive, legislative, judicial) and discusses key concepts in federalism. It outlines powers and examples of interactions between Congress, the President, and Supreme Court, such as Obama's nominations, Congressional overrides of vetoes, and landmark Supreme Court cases. Trends during Obama's presidency emphasized increased funding to states but maintained federal policy influence. The document also examines the "imperial presidency" concept and approaches to constitutional interpretation.
A2 POLITICS COMPLETE REVISION
The document summarizes key aspects of the US Constitution, including:
1) The history of how the Constitution was created after weaknesses were identified in the Articles of Confederation, including the Philadelphia Convention and ratification process.
2) Key principles of the Constitution such as popular sovereignty, limited government, judicial review, separation of powers, and checks and balances.
3) How the system of checks and balances works between the three branches of government to limit any one branch from becoming too powerful.
The Foundations Of The Federal Government
The Federal Government was originally based on two differing sets of beliefs - Democratic-Republicans and Federalists. The Federalists were more influential, shaping policies like ratifying the Constitution, foreign affairs, and financial policies. Their ideas evolved into modern federalism, with a more powerful central government. The Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, supported America's need for structure and helped ratify the Constitution. Government corporations like Amtrak receive most funds from users rather than taxpayers, making consumers the main source of income. The Federal Government has expanded its authority significantly over time through new departments, agencies, and laws regulating businesses.
Chapter 2The Constitution and it’s framing.L
Chapter 2
The Constitution and it’s framing.
Lesson Plans
1. History and philosophy leading up to the constitution.
2. The revolution
3. Articles of Confederation
4. Constitutional Convention
5. Key Figures
6. Compromises
7. Amendments
Enlightenment and the Country’s founding
The founding of the country was based in principles in the European enlightenment.
One of the Enlightenment’s goals was to base governance on rationality.
Prior to the Enlightenment, governance was justified through tradition rather than reason.
Locke v Hobbes
Hobbes argued that the rationality for government was to prevent the state of nature.
Hobbes argued that life without the state would be a war between all and nasty, brutish and short. He advocated for a dictator to prevent this.
Locke disagreed. Locke argued that people would rather deal with what he called the mischief of foxes and polecats than to be devoured by lions.
This means that conflicts between individuals are manageable, but a tyrannical state is impossible to avoid.
Locke’s justification for a state is the social contract which is an agreement that the state protects rights. However if a state abuses its people, then it loses its legitimacy.
Locke’s principles drove the American Revolution.
The Revolution
The colonies originally had more freedom to run their own land prior to the Seven Years War (war between France and England).
The colonists were prevented to settle past Appalachia.
To pay back the taxes that resulted from the Seven Years War, England levied taxes on the colonists.
Colonists demanded representation in Parliament.
Stamp Act, (Tax on Paper goods) Townsend Act (Tax on glass, Tea, Paint)
The Colonies boycotted British Manufacturing goods.
Britain sent troops to the colonies, leading to an altercation with the troops known as the Boston Massacre
Britain passed an act that granted a monopoly on the British East India Tea Company, which led to the “Boston Tea Party.”
The Revolution cont.
These acts led to the state of Massachusetts to revolt, followed by the rest of the colonies.
The Declaration of Independence laid out the principles that drove the colonies to revolt against England.
This listed out the ways that Britain abused its power regarding the Social Contract.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”
This quote has driven the ideals in which we govern ourselves.
Articles of Confederation
Immediately following the revolution, the new nation agreed on the Articles of confederation.
The articles of confederation is the governing body that ruled the nation between the end of the Revolution and the creation of the constitution.
A confede ...
The Constitution and Federalism
This document provides an overview of the US government and constitution. It discusses the key topics of:
- The Constitution and its establishment, outlining the separation of powers and system of checks and balances.
- The three branches of government - the legislature, executive, and judiciary - and their roles and powers.
- Federalism and the changing relationship between federal and state governments over time.
- Key events like the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Philadelphia Convention, and amendments.
- Specific amendments like the Bill of Rights and their protections of individual liberties.
Obama Pros And Cons Government Shutdown
This document discusses government shutdowns in the United States, their causes and impacts. It notes that government shutdowns have increased in frequency in recent decades due to disagreements around omnibus spending bills that cover diverse topics. Shutdowns cost the US economy billions of dollars and negatively impact many government services that Americans rely on. While some argue shutdowns are healthy, they actually increase long-term government spending and halt progress on important programs.
2 The U.S. ConstitutionRoel SmartiStockThinkstockLea.docx
2 The U.S. Constitution
Roel Smart/iStock/Thinkstock
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to
• Describe early forms of American government, and explain how they formed the basis for the
U.S. Constitution.
• Explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, and describe how these weaknesses
helped lead to the Constitutional Convention.
• Describe the Constitutional Convention, and analyze the various proposals presented.
• Analyze separation of powers and checks and balances.
• Describe the debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the inclusion of a bill of
rights in the U.S. Constitution.
fin82797_02_c02_023-052.indd 23 3/24/16 1:39 PM
© 2016 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
On October 1, 2013, the U.S. government shut down. This meant that “non-essential” govern-
ment services—parks and museums, certain regulatory agencies, and other services—were
suspended while federal employees who performed non-essential services were instructed
not to work. These services did not resume until October 17, 2013.
What normally causes a government shutdown is a failure between the president and Con-
gress to agree on a budget. While the Constitution does not require a budget, the government
cannot function without one. The budget is a legislative process like any other—majorities
within each house of Congress must pass the same budget while the president must sign
it for it to take effect. If no agreement is made, then the government cannot operate and is
effectively shut down, normally in early October because Congress’s budget designations for
a given fiscal year expire on September 30.
Because Congress has the “power of the purse,” many believe that the budget originates in
Congress. However, for many years now the practice has been that the president collects bud-
get estimates and requests from all the agencies and departments in the executive branch,
puts them together, and then submits a budget proposal to Congress. Following much debate
and many modifications, Congress then passes a budget, appropriating, or designating, what
funds can be spent for a specific purpose. The budget then goes back to the president for his
or her signature. In essence, when the president presents the proposed budget to Congress,
the president signals to Congress that if the proposed budget is passed as presented it will not
be vetoed and government will continue to function without interruption.
In 2013, the U.S. House of Representatives, dominated by Republicans, disagreed with the
U.S. Senate, composed of a majority of Democrats, on an appropriations continuing resolution
that would have kept the government running. House Republicans wanted to delay or defund
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (discussed in Chapter 1) in exchange
for supporting a budget resolution. The Democratic-led Senate refused and passed se ...
The Mechanism is Broken
The document discusses the failure of the US government to pass comprehensive healthcare reform through bipartisan cooperation. When President Obama called on Congress to reform healthcare by the end of 2009, the result was a lack of teamwork between Republicans and Democrats. Numerous attempts at reform over the past century have also failed due to partisan polarization and conflict between the two parties. The most recent reform efforts in 2009-2010 saw Republicans and Democrats offer hundreds of competing amendments without finding much common ground. Democrats were eventually able to pass reforms through reconciliation without Republican support. The document argues this history demonstrates that the liberal ideal of using democratic institutions to resolve conflicts cooperatively does not apply to healthcare politics in the US.
Teacher Notes MODULE 4.pptx
The document discusses the history of the U.S. Constitution. It describes how Americans adopted the weak Articles of Confederation and then drafted a new Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention to create a stronger federal government. There was debate between Federalists who supported the new Constitution and Antifederalists who opposed more centralized power. The Constitution was eventually ratified after the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights protecting individual liberties.
Similar to The Government Shutdown in United States (20)
# 153120 Cust Cengage Au Dautrich Pg. No. 54 Title T.docx
# 153120 Cust Cengage Au Dautrich Pg. No. 54 Title T.docx
Running head S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191S.1494-S.docx
Running head S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191S.1494-S.docx
Running head S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191S.1494-S.docx
Running head S.1494-SECURE AND PROTECT ACT OF 20191S.1494-S.docx
Passing Healthcare Reform- Key Politicians’ impacts with Regards to Switzer...
Passing Healthcare Reform- Key Politicians’ impacts with Regards to Switzer...
A2 Edexcel Government & Politics Unit 4 examples and case studies
A2 Edexcel Government & Politics Unit 4 examples and case studies
2 The U.S. ConstitutionRoel SmartiStockThinkstockLea.docx
2 The U.S. ConstitutionRoel SmartiStockThinkstockLea.docx
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The Government Shutdown in United States
- 1. The International Article The Government Shutdown In United States
- 2. The Government Shutdown In United States • In U.S Politics, a government shutdown is the name for the process the Executive Branch must enter into, when the Congress creates a "funding gap" by choosing not to or failing to pass legislation funding government operations and agencies. If interim or full-year appropriations are not enacted into law, the U.S Constitution and the Antideficiency Act require the federal government begins a "shutdown" of the affected activities.
- 3. The Government Shutdown In United States • During the Ford and Carter administrations, funding gaps caused 6 partial shutdowns that affected only the departments of Labor and Health,Education and Welfare. These lasted from 8 to 18 days and the primary issue of dispute was federal funding for abortion.
- 4. The Government Shutdown In United States The U.S Federal Government Shutdown in 2013 ran from September 30 to October 16, 2013. The primary issue of dispute between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives and the Democratic Senate was the Republicans' desire to delay or defund the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), signed into law in 2010, A bill to end the shutdown and fund federal agencies through January. 15, 2014, passed the Senate and the House and was signed into law on Oct. 17, 2013.
- 5. The Government Shutdown In United States • Mechanism of a shutdown • Under the separation of Powers created by the U.S Constitution, the U.S Congress has the sole power of the purse and responsibility for appropriating government funds. The appropriations bills must start in the House of and then be approved by the Senate, which upon passage of a final version by both houses then go to the President of The United States.
- 6. The Government Shutdown In United States • If the President signs or ignores the bills, they become law. If the President vetoes the bills, they go back to Congress, where the veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote. Government shutdowns tend to occur when the President and one or both of the chambers of Congress are unable to resolve disagreements over budget allocations before the existing budget cycle ends.
- 7. The Government Shutdown In United States • Effects • The exact details of which government functions would stop during a shutdown is determined by the Office of Management and Budget. • For the Department of Defense, at least half of the civilian workforce, and the full-time, dualstatus military technicians in the US National Guards and traditional Guardsmen.
- 8. The Government Shutdown In United States • List of United States Government Shutdown • The United States federal government shutdowns of 1995 and 1995–96 were the result of conflicts between Democratic President Bill Clinton and the Republican Congress over funding for Medicare, education, the environment, and Public Health in the 1996 federal budget.
- 9. The Government Shutdown In United States • The government shut down after Clinton vetoed the spending bill the Republican Party-controlled Congress sent him. The Federal government of the United States put government workers on furlough and suspended non-essential services from November 14 through November 19, 1995 and from December 16, 1995 to January 6, 1996, for a total of 27 days.
- 10. The Government Shutdown In United States • Sept. 30 – Oct. 18, 1978 • Length: 18 days • Major players: President Jimmy Carter, House Speaker Tip O’Neill, Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd
- 11. The Government Shutdown In United States • The House and Senate, both controlled by Democrats, disagreed on using Medicaid funding to pay for abortions concerning when the mother’s life was at stake: The Senate wanted to allow it, and the House did not. The issue was related to funding for the Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare, which complicated the issue and led to the shutdown. In the end Congress agreed to continue the ban on Medicaid funding for abortions temporarily, which gave everyone more time to work out a longer deal.
- 12. The Government Shutdown In United States • Sept. 30 – Oct. 12, 1979 • Length: 11 days • Major players: President Jimmy Carter, House Speaker Tip O’Neill, Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd
- 13. The Government Shutdown In United States • Abortion emerged again as a contentious issue in another shutdown during Carter’s tenure (he had five total), along with Congressional pay. The House wanted to increase pay for Congress and senior civil servants by 5.5 percent, but the Senate opposed. The House also wanted to limit federal abortion funding in cases where the mother’s life was in danger, while the Senate did not. • The shutdown ended when houses agreed on pay increases, but they disagreed on abortion – the House had to allow abortion funding in cases of rape or incest, but not when the mother’s health (rather than life) was at stake.
- 14. The Government Shutdown In United States • Sept. 30 – Oct. 11, 1976 • Length: 10 days • Major players: President Gerald Ford, House Speaker Carl Albert, Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield
- 15. The Government Shutdown In United States • The biggest budget conflict of this first shutdown stemmed from Ford’s veto of a funding bill for the Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare. He thought the bill presented by the House and Senate, both of which were controlled by Democrats, failed to cut spending enough. Congress overrode Ford’s veto on Oct. 1, allowing the bills to become law. But it took more than a week for the shutdown to end because that’s when the continuing resolution for other parts of the budget officially became law. Source: Http/Wikipedia/com