Engineering Geology - MINERALS ( STONES – SAND) - Lecture Summary Benha University Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra Surveying and Geomatics Department

1. Benha University
Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra
Surveying and Geomatics Dep.
Engineering Geology (Dr. Hassan Mohamed)
1) Define:
a) Crashed Stone:
• It’s a form of construction aggregates, it produced by mining a suitable rock then breaking it to desired
size by crushers, it is better than natural gravel that it has more rounded shape.
b) Sand:
• It’s a loose particle of hard broken disintegrated rocks, its colour varies from brown and orange, its
diameter range between (.06-2 mm) in size, it gives a bulk, strength and other properties to
construction materials (like asphalt and concrete).
2) Mention:
a) Crushed Stone uses:
i) Used in “Macadam road construction method” which depend on the overlocking between the stone faces
due to its strength.
ii) Used in “Riprap” (which used in re-building shores).
iii) Used to make railroad tracks.
iv) Used with the binder in methods such as and Asphalt Construction.
b) Types of Sand (Based on Grain Size):
i) Very Fine Sand: from 0.625mm to 0.125mm.
ii) Fine Sand: from 0.125mm to 0.25mm.
iii) Medium Sand: from 0.25mm to 0.50mm.
iv) Coarse Sand: from 0.50mm to 1.0mm.
v) Very Coarse Sand: from 1.0mm to 2.0mm.
3) Compare:
a) Types of Crushed Stone:
STUDENT NAME: AHMED YASSER AHMED MOHAMED NASSAR.
SECTION NO.: 1
ASSIGNMNENT NAME: CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY.
Types of Crushed Stone
CRUSHED AND
SCREENED:
⚫IT'S A
MANUFACTURED
STONE.
⚫IT CRUSHED
DOWN TO SPECIFIC
SIZES.
⚫IT'S NOT TREATED
AND MAY INCLUDE
DUST.
WASHED CLEAN:
⚫IT'S SIMILER TO
SCREENED.
⚫CRUSHED
CAREFULLY TO
SPECIFIC SIZE
⚫CLEANED TO
REMOVE ANY DUST
GRAVEL:
⚫USED FOR BOTH
FUNCTIONAL AND
DECORATIVE
PURPOSES
⚫IT HAS PERFECT
SIZE FOR
LANDSCAPES AND
CONSTRUCTION
PURPOSES.
QUARRY
PROCESS:
⚫IT'S A MIX
BETWEEN CRUSHED
STONE AGGREGATE
AND STONE DUST.
RIPRAP STONE:
⚫THE LARGEST
CRUSHED STONE
TYPE WITH SIZE MAY
UP TO 9 CM.
STONE GRITS:
⚫THE SMALLEST
FORM OF CRUSHED
STONE.
⚫IT MADE OF VERY
FINE PARTICLES.

2. Benha University
Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra
Surveying and Geomatics Dep.
Engineering Geology (Dr. Hassan Mohamed)
b) Types of Sand:
THANKS
PIT SAND RIVER SAND ARTIFICIAL (M) SAND
• Source COLLECTED FROM THE GROUND BY
DIGGING PET (AT 1-2 M FROM
GROUND LEVEL).
COLLECTED FROM THE BANK OR BED
OF RIVER.
MANUFACTRED BY CRUSHING
GRANITE OR BASALT ROCK USING 3
STAGE CRUSHING PROCESS.
• Grains SHARP, ANGULAR AND ROUGH
GRAINS.
ITS FREE FROM SALT AND OFGANIC
MATERIALS, SO IT DOESN’T ABSORB
MOISTURE FROM ATMOSPHERE.
CONSIST OF WELL GRADED, FINE
ROUNDED GRAINS.
-
• Sand Type COARSE SAND FINE TYPE SAND -
• Colour RED-ORANGE COLOR (DUE TO IRON-
OXIDE)
WHITE-GREY COLOR -
• Uses IT HAS A VERY GOOD BINDING
QUALITY SO IT USED IN CIVIL
CONSTRUCTION.
CAN BE WIDELY USED IN ALL
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES.
EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO RIVER
SAND