2. When you leave a beautiful place, you carry it
with you wherever you go.
3. The process of cutting and converting the
stones to the required shape and size and to
give them a smooth finish is called cutting and
dressing of stones.
4. Scabbling dressing:
The dressing in which irregular
projections of the quarried (extracted) stone are
removed by means of scabbling hammer is
called scabbling dressing.
Hammer dressing:
The dressing in which the stones are made
roughly square or rectangular by means of a mason’s
hammer, also known as Waller’s hammer, is called
hammer dressing. When used in a wall, the roughly
finished surfaces are further modified by forming to 5cm
wide margin at the edges of the exposed faces.
5.
6. Suitabality: Recommended generally for
random rubble masonry and coarsed rubble
masonry.
Rough tolled dressing:
The dressing in which projection
from the surface of a stone block are removed
by means of chisels until no portion of the
dressed surface is more than 10mm from a
straight edge placed on it.
7.
8. Suitability: Recommended for coarsed rubble
masonry.
Tooled dressing:
The dressing in which all the
projections from the surface of stone blocks are
removed by means of chisels until no portion
of the surface is more than 3mm from a straight
edge placed on it.
This is actually done after rough tooled
dressing.
9. Suitability: Recommended for superior type of
coursed rubble masonry.
Fine tooled dressing:
The dressing in which all the
projections from the surface of a stone block are
removed by means of chisel until the straight
edge laid along the surface comes in contact
with the stone at every point. This is actually
done after tooled dressing. Stones dressed are
called fine dressed stones, and the surface
finish is called fine tooled finish.
10.
11. Suitability: Recommended for ashlar masonry.
Finely punched dressing:
The dressing in which all
the projections from the surface of a stone block
are removed by means of pointed tools or a
punch giving dotted appearance.
Suitability: Recommended for architectural
appearance to the masonry work.
12. Cut stone dressing:
The dressing in which all the
projections from all the faces of a stone block
are removed by means of a sharp chisel,
rendering the surface free of chisel marks.
Suitability: Recommended for ashlar masonry.
Rubbed dressing:
The dressing in which a perfect
smooth surface finish is obtained by grinding
or rubbing a cut stone by hand or by machine.
13. Suitability: Recommended for ashlar masonry.
Polished dressing:
The dressing in which the rubbed
stone surfaces are polished by manual labour,
using sand and water, or by means of rubbing
machine.
Suitability: Recommended for fine ashlar work.
14. The double-face hammer, shown at (a), Fig. 1,
weighs from 20 to 30 pounds, and is used for
breaking and roughly shaping the stones as they
come from the quarry.
The face hammer, shown at (d), is a lighter tool
than the double-face hammer, but is used for the
same purposes when less weight is required. It has
one blunt and one cutting end, the latter being
used for roughly dressing the stones preparatory
to using the finer tools. The pic, shown at (c), is
used for coarsely dressing the softer stones. Its
length is from 15 to 24 inches, and the width at the
eye is about 2 inches.
15.
16. Pakistan, especially NWFP, possesses huge
marble reservoirs. The promotion and
development of marble industry could bring
prosperity and development for the country.
But industrialists and officials from Pakistan
Stone Development Company (Pasdec) and
small & medium enterprises development
authority (Smeda) say that the sector suffers
from several maladies.
17. Nearly 30 kinds of marble were found in the
province and the adjoining tribal belt. The most
famous of these are Ziarat marble, super-white,
off-white, Badal, Zebra, pink, Nowshera, Jet-black,
Bamp
Swat, Buner, Chitral, Kohistan, Mardan, Hazara,
Nowshera and Kohat divisions are high potential
areas for quality marble in the province.
Mohmand, Khyber, Bajaur, Orakzai and Kurram
Agencies from Federally Administered Tribal
Areas (FATA) have huge marble reservoirs.okha
and golden marble.
18. According to an official of Pasdec, that oversees
the marble sector, Pakistan has approximately
300 billion tons of marble reserves scattered
mainly in NWFP, the tribal belt and
Balochistan.
Around 98 percent of these reserves are
believed to be in NWFP and FATA. Of late,
work at several marble sites was stopped due
to militancy in the area.
