Engineering chemistry battery- Module 1
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This document discusses different types of battery technology. It introduces batteries and their components. There are three main types of batteries: primary cells which are not rechargeable, secondary cells which are rechargeable, and reserve batteries which have a long shelf life. Two specific battery technologies discussed are nickel-metal hydride batteries, which use metal hydrides as the anode, and lithium-ion batteries. Key characteristics of batteries include their emf, current, capacity, efficiency, cycle life, power density, and shelf life.
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MODULE - I : BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
1. The document discusses different types of batteries - primary batteries that cannot be recharged, secondary batteries that can be recharged, and reserve batteries that have separated electrolytes.
2. It provides examples of different battery technologies like lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, zinc-air, lithium-ion batteries.
3. The key components and operating principles of batteries are explained along with characteristics like voltage, current, capacity, energy efficiency, cycle life, and shelf life.
zinc air batteries.pptx
Zinc-air batteries use zinc as the anode and oxygen from the air as the cathode. They have a high energy density and range from button cells to applications in electric vehicles. Zinc reacts with hydroxyl ions at the anode to form zincate, releasing electrons. The zincate then decays into zinc oxide and water, which is recycled at the cathode. Reactions produce around 1.35-1.4 volts.
Battery Types and Battery technology
This document discusses various battery technologies including primary and secondary cells. It provides details on dry cells, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and fuel cells. The key points are:
- Primary cells cannot be recharged while secondary cells can be recharged by passing current in the opposite direction.
- Dry cells are inexpensive but have a limited shelf life. Lead-acid batteries are rechargeable and commonly used in vehicles. Nickel-cadmium batteries can be recharged hundreds of times.
- Fuel cells directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy and include hydrogen-oxygen and methanol-oxygen types. They do not require recharging and have applications in space, military, and stationary power
Battery technology
A lithium ion battery consists of a graphite anode, lithium metal oxide cathode, and electrolyte. Lithium ions move between the anode and cathode during charging and discharging, producing electricity. Key developments included the use of cobalt oxide and other metal oxides in the cathode by Goodenough, improving voltage and capacity. Lithium ion batteries now power many electronic devices due to their high energy density and ability to be recharged hundreds of times.
Lithium ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries were first proposed in the 1970s but were not successfully created until the mid-1980s. The first commercial lithium-ion battery was launched by Sony in 1991. Lithium-ion batteries use lithium compounds in the anode and a lithium cobalt oxide or lithium iron phosphate cathode. During discharge, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode and back during charging through an electrolyte. Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density and output voltage, long cycle life, and are more environmentally friendly than alternatives. However, they are also more expensive and require temperature monitoring and sealing to prevent issues.
Batteries
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1. The document discusses different types of batteries - primary batteries that cannot be recharged, secondary batteries that can be recharged, and reserve batteries that have separated electrolytes.
2. It provides examples of different battery technologies like lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, zinc-air, lithium-ion batteries.
3. The key components and operating principles of batteries are explained along with characteristics like voltage, current, capacity, energy efficiency, cycle life, and shelf life.
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Zinc-air batteries use zinc as the anode and oxygen from the air as the cathode. They have a high energy density and range from button cells to applications in electric vehicles. Zinc reacts with hydroxyl ions at the anode to form zincate, releasing electrons. The zincate then decays into zinc oxide and water, which is recycled at the cathode. Reactions produce around 1.35-1.4 volts.
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This document discusses various battery technologies including primary and secondary cells. It provides details on dry cells, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and fuel cells. The key points are:
- Primary cells cannot be recharged while secondary cells can be recharged by passing current in the opposite direction.
- Dry cells are inexpensive but have a limited shelf life. Lead-acid batteries are rechargeable and commonly used in vehicles. Nickel-cadmium batteries can be recharged hundreds of times.
- Fuel cells directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy and include hydrogen-oxygen and methanol-oxygen types. They do not require recharging and have applications in space, military, and stationary power
Battery technology
A lithium ion battery consists of a graphite anode, lithium metal oxide cathode, and electrolyte. Lithium ions move between the anode and cathode during charging and discharging, producing electricity. Key developments included the use of cobalt oxide and other metal oxides in the cathode by Goodenough, improving voltage and capacity. Lithium ion batteries now power many electronic devices due to their high energy density and ability to be recharged hundreds of times.
Lithium ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries were first proposed in the 1970s but were not successfully created until the mid-1980s. The first commercial lithium-ion battery was launched by Sony in 1991. Lithium-ion batteries use lithium compounds in the anode and a lithium cobalt oxide or lithium iron phosphate cathode. During discharge, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode and back during charging through an electrolyte. Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density and output voltage, long cycle life, and are more environmentally friendly than alternatives. However, they are also more expensive and require temperature monitoring and sealing to prevent issues.
Batteries
Batteries convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions between electrodes and electrolytes. There are primary batteries that cannot be recharged and secondary batteries that can be recharged. Common battery types include alkaline batteries using zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes, zinc-carbon batteries using zinc electrodes and acidic electrolytes, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, and lithium-ion batteries widely used in electronics. New battery technologies aim to increase energy density, lifespan, and reduce costs and charging times.
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The document discusses the design of new cathode materials for secondary lithium ion batteries. It provides background on the development of batteries over time and describes the basic components and operation of lithium ion batteries. Current commercially used cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate are described. Research aims to develop new cathode materials with improved properties like higher energy density, longer lifespan, lower cost, and environmental friendliness. Promising candidates include olivine-based phosphates and transition metal oxides.
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The document discusses different types of batteries, including their components, principles of operation, categories, and chemistries. It provides details on primary batteries that are single-use and secondary batteries that can be recharged. Specific battery types covered include alkaline batteries, lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and more. Hazards of batteries like explosions and leakage are also summarized.
Presentation on electronic battery
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Engineering chemistry battery- Module 1
- 1. Introduction Types Of Battery Characteristics Of Battery Ni-MH Battery Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems- Battery Technology By Mr. Chethan S G Asst. Professor. Department Of Chemistry JNNCE, Shimoga
- 2. Introduction It is a device consisting of two or more galvanic cells connected in series or parallel or both to obtain higer potential An active Chemical Material which Convert into an Electrical Energy. The size & design of battery varies from w.r.t. the applications.
- 3. Components of Battery Anode Material/ Alloy: Oxidation Cathode Material/ Alloy: Reduction Separator : to avoid Electrical contact between two Anode and Cathode electrodes Electrolyte: conducting ion moves between two electrode
- 4. Types of Battery Batteries are Classified into Three types: 1. Primary Cells 2. Secondary Cells 3. Reserved Battery Primary Cells: the potential of battery as use of Free energy of active material as long as present inside the battery. These cell reaction are not reversible and not rechargeable. Ex: Dry cell (Zn-MnO2)
- 6. 2. Secondary Cells: Batteries are Rechargeable. The cell reactions are reversible so called reversible batteries. During discharging the cell works galvanic cell converting chemical energy into electrical energy. During charging the cell works electrolytic cell by converting electric energy into chemical energy, hence these batteries are called as storage battery. Ex: Lead acid Battery, Ni-Cd battery etc.
- 7. 3. Reserve Battery Reserve batteries are high current battery and long shelf life. The electrolyte component of battery is isolated(missing) These battery activated by contacting active isolated component when ever need high potential. Used to deliver high potential for shorter periods of time such as missiles, military applications etc. Ex: Zn-Ag2O- active material water. Mg-AgCl activated by water
- 8. Characteristics Of Battery: EMF Current: Current is a measure of the rate at which the battery is discharging. Higher the surface area of the electrodes, higher is the rate of reaction. Current is measured in A. Capacity: total energy obtained until the end of battery failure Efficiency Cycle life Power Density (w/Kg) Shelf Life
- 9. Nickel-Metal hydride battery: Anode : MH such as VH2, Zr2, TiH2 as H2 Absorb or Desorbs Cathode : Nickel oxyhydroxide NiO(OH) Electrolyte : 5M KOH Separator : Polypropylene
- 10. Nickel-Metal hydride battery: Secondary Battery
- 11. Li-ion Battery