The document discusses the three main energy systems in the human body - ATP-PC system, lactic acid system, and aerobic system. It explains that the ATP-PC system generates ATP the fastest but runs out quickly, lasting 8-10 seconds and being used for explosive activities like sprinting. The lactic acid system generates ATP anaerobically for 2-3 minutes of intense exercise. The aerobic system is the most efficient but slowest, generating ATP aerobically through oxygen for activities lasting over 5 minutes. The document provides details on how each system works on a cellular level to break down nutrients and generate ATP.
Introductory Slides for energy systems. Delivered to year 10 including class activity.
Credit:
http://www.slideshare.net/kerrieobryan/introduction-to-the-energy-systems
Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." Anaerobic exercise is the type where you get out of breath in just a few moments, like when you lift weights for improving strength, when you sprint, or when you climb a long flight of stairs.
Introductory Slides for energy systems. Delivered to year 10 including class activity.
Credit:
http://www.slideshare.net/kerrieobryan/introduction-to-the-energy-systems
Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." Anaerobic exercise is the type where you get out of breath in just a few moments, like when you lift weights for improving strength, when you sprint, or when you climb a long flight of stairs.
Exercise is the systematic, planned performance of bodily movements, postures or physical activities intended to provide a means to:-
Remediate or prevent impairments
Improve, restore or enhance physical function
Prevent or reduce health related risk factors
Optimize overall health status, fitness or sense of well being
Exercise physiology is concerned with the study of how the body adapts physiologically to the acute stress of exercise or physical activity, and the chronic stress of physical training.
Heat acclimatization occurs when repeated exercise-heat exposures are sufficiently stressful to invoke profuse sweating and elevate body temperatures. Generally, about 1-2-wk of daily exposures of 90 min are required; but highly aerobic fit athletes can heat acclimatize in half that time.
This PPT share the principles used in exercise prescription and the parameters which should be kept in mind while prescribing and progressing the exercise regimen
Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
Exercise is the systematic, planned performance of bodily movements, postures or physical activities intended to provide a means to:-
Remediate or prevent impairments
Improve, restore or enhance physical function
Prevent or reduce health related risk factors
Optimize overall health status, fitness or sense of well being
Exercise physiology is concerned with the study of how the body adapts physiologically to the acute stress of exercise or physical activity, and the chronic stress of physical training.
Heat acclimatization occurs when repeated exercise-heat exposures are sufficiently stressful to invoke profuse sweating and elevate body temperatures. Generally, about 1-2-wk of daily exposures of 90 min are required; but highly aerobic fit athletes can heat acclimatize in half that time.
This PPT share the principles used in exercise prescription and the parameters which should be kept in mind while prescribing and progressing the exercise regimen
Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
All about ATP(Adenosine Tri-Phosphate), how body gets energy from it (molecular formula) and its working in sports. Moreover Creatine Phosphate and Re-synthesis of ATP also know as ATP-CP system.(ATP-PC) (ATP-PCr) or Anaerobic system.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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1. School of Medical and Allied Science
Course Code : BPTH4004 Course Name: Physiotherapy in Sports Condition-1
ENERGY SYSTEM
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
2. INTRODUCTION
ENERGY SYSTEM
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
The human body has two main energy
systems it gets its power from; the
aerobic and the anaerobic system., but
how many of us really understand how
they work? All human cells use ATP to
generate power
4. INTRODUCTION
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Our body stores energy in the form of
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
ATP made up of 1 Adenosine molecule
and 3 phosphate molecules
Is where TRI Phosphate comes from
5. INTRODUCTION
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Our body requires energy, this energy comes
from the breakdown of ATP in our cells.
Breakdown of ATP=Energy=Movement
All energy for cellular activity comes from ATP
Energy
7. How ATPis generated
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Mitochondria, using oxygen available within the cell
convert chemical energy from food in the cell to energy in
a form usable to the host cell. NADH is then used by
enzymes embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane
to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP).In ATP the
energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds.
In the mitochondria, the metabolism of sugars is
completed, and the energy released is harnessed so
efficiently that about 30 molecules of ATP are
produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized.
8. How ATPis generated
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Our cells can’t get energy directly from food
Needs to be stored as a useable form of energy
ATP
The food we eat contains energy (kilojoules)
This energy is used to produce ATP molecules
Energy is stored in ATP like a battery
9. Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
11. Energy Systems
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
ATP is generated through 3 different energy
systems
The energy system the body generates it
through depends on the intensity and the
duration of the exercise being performed
ATP-PC system = very quick explosive exercise
Lactic Acid system= Moderately intense
exercise lasting several minutes
Aerobic system= Long duration exercise
12. Anaerobic and Aerobic
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
An anaerobic energy system is one
that does not require oxygen to
generate ATP
An aerobic energy system is one that
does require oxygen to generate ATP
13. ATP-PCsystem
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Is an anaerobic energy system
Used for explosive exercises lasting 8-
10 seconds
Generates ATP very quickly but only
limited supply (runs out quick)
The most inefficient energy system
14. ATP-PC system- How it works
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
ATP is stored in the muscles and liver for quick
access
ATP stores run out in 2-3 seconds
When you move ATP is broken down to ADP +P
to generate energy for the body to use.
When the Phosphate is split that’s where the
energy comes from
ATP stores in the muscle run out very quickly
therefore we must generate more
VERY useful for quick explosive exercises,
generates ATP very quickly but also runs out
quickly
15. ATP-PC system- How it works
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
16. When is the ATP-PC systemused?
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
When is the ATP-PC system the main energy system used?
Heavy Weight lifting 100m sprint
17. ATP-PC recap
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Phosphate creatine (PC) is broken down,
breaking it down releases energy that is used
to form ATP from ADP and P + energy
PC stores only last approximately 10 seconds
Therefore used for short exercises (100m
sprint)
Generates ATP very quickly
18. Lactic acid energysystem
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Also known as the Anaerobic energy system
Breaks down glucose and glycogen to form
ATP
Generating ATP through this energy system
also produces lactic acid
Lactic acid causes our body to fatigue
Therefore can only be used for exercises
lasting 2-3 minutes
Lactic build up makes muscles feel heavy and
tired
19. Lactic acid energy system-How itworks
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
When the muscles run out of PC stores must generate
ATP another way – lactic acid energy system
Body breaks down glucose or glycogen to generate
ATP through a process called Anaerobic glycolysis or
just glycolysis
If oxygen is not present the body will also produce
lactic acid in the process
1 molecule of glucose will produce 2 molecules of ATP
1 molecule of glycogen will produce 3 molecules of
ATP
Glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver
20. True or false?
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
The ATP-PC system can only be used once every
30 minutes.
False!
The ATP-PC system is able to almost fully restore
itself in 3 minutes.
21. Lactic acid energy system
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
When is it predominately used?
Intense exercises lasting 2-3 minutes
400-800m run
Many team sports- Netball, football ect
22. Aerobic energy system
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Most efficient energy system – also slowest
Can only generate ATP in the presence of
oxygen
Is used for long distance events or exercises
lasting longer than 5 minutes
23. Aerobic energy system- How itworks
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Begins the same way the lactic acid energy system
does- breakdown of glucose and glycogen
If oxygen IS present lactic acid will not be produced
and instead more ATP is formed through Aerobic
glycolysis
Generates ATP much slower than Anaerobic glycolysis
and even more slower than ATP-PC system therefore
is used for low intensity/long duration exercise.
With oxygen 1 glucose molecule generates 36
molecules of ATP
1 glycogen molecule generates 37 molecules of ATP
Fatty acids are broken down to produce 129ATP
24. Aerobic system-When is it used
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
When is it used?
Continuous exercise lasting longer than 5 minutes
Marathon Long distance cycling
25. Quick quiz
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
1.Which energy system is the quickest?
2.Which energy system is the most efficient?
3.If I was running a 800m what energy system would I
predominately use?
4.True or false – Sitting down would use the aerobic energy system
5.What are carbs, fats and proteins broken down to when they first
enter the body?
26. Answers
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
1.ATP-PC
2.Aerobic
3.Lactic acid
4.True
5. Glucose, fatty acids and amino acids
28. Using multiple energy systems
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
An exercise can use more than one energy system –
Many exercises do
For example a swimmer diving off the blocks to swim
1500m will initially use the ATP-PC system to dive off
the blocks quickly but then switch to the aerobic
energy system to swim 1500m
A football player will use the ATP-PC system to have a
quick run or make a tackle, but then switch to aerobic
when high intensity movement is not required.
29. Advantages and disadvantages
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
What are some advantages and disadvantages of each energy system?
30. Reference
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Shahiduz Zafar Program Name: BPT
Book by karim khan sports medicine
