The document discusses passive solar heating (PSH) design, which involves collecting solar energy through south-facing windows, storing that energy in building materials with high heat capacity, and distributing the stored solar energy throughout the living space. It describes the key components of a PSH system - the aperture (windows), absorber, thermal mass for storage, distribution methods, and controls. It also evaluates different materials for their suitability as a thermal mass, selecting concrete as the best option based on its high value of thermal conductivity over thermal diffusivity and relatively low cost.
The document discusses passive solar buildings, which are designed to harness solar energy for heating and cooling. Passive solar buildings utilize elements like southern windows, shading, and thermal mass materials to collect, store, and distribute solar heat in winter and reject it in summer without mechanical systems. There are three main categories of passive solar systems: direct gain, indirect gain, and isolated gain. Passive solar building provide benefits like lower energy costs, increased comfort, and harnessing a renewable resource without bills.
The document discusses materials for passive solar heating. It defines passive solar heating as using solar energy through windows, skylights, etc. to provide heating without pumps or fans. It then discusses two models to determine the best materials. Model 1 aims to maximize heat transfer over 12 hours, favoring materials with high conductivity and specific heat. Model 2 adds cost as a factor, minimizing cost per unit thickness. Considering both models, the best materials are concluded to be cement, brick and concrete.
The document discusses different types of energy sources, including renewable and non-renewable sources. It provides examples of non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and discusses renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy given that non-renewable fuel sources are limited and calls on individuals, especially children, to do their part to reduce energy consumption both at home and at school.
Climate change challenge us to review our life style specially on patterns of energy use. Excessiveness in energy uses makes energy management not optimal.
We can handle it very easy, by doing little things following, so much energy can be saved for our future sustainability.
This document discusses solar building design principles and provides examples of solar homes. It begins by explaining how ancient civilizations oriented buildings toward the sun and discusses how modern passive solar design is practical and affordable. It then describes four solar home projects: 1) An award-winning passive solar home in Northern California that needs no fuel for heating or cooling. 2) A five-story solar tower house with a solar-heated hot tub. 3) A barn with a 3 kW integrated solar roof that powers a home and apartment. 4) A 2,000 square foot home combining passive solar and solar collectors for heating and a roof-integrated PV system. It provides details on orientation, thermal mass, insulation and the energy savings of the
Passive solar energy uses natural sunlight without photovoltaics. Methods include solar ovens and indoor heating techniques that make use of clean, inexhaustible sunlight. Key components of passive solar systems include south-facing glass for winter heating, thermal mass materials like brick or concrete for heat storage, and proper building orientation within 30 degrees of true south for maximum solar gain and reduced cooling needs.
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less of an energy service or being more efficient. There are renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro can be generated continuously without limit, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are limited. The Energy Conservation Act was enacted in 2001 to promote efficient energy use and conservation in India. Individuals and industries can conserve energy through practices like using efficient appliances, insulation, adjusting boiler temperatures, recycling waste, and turning off unused devices.
The document discusses passive solar heating (PSH) design, which involves collecting solar energy through south-facing windows, storing that energy in building materials with high heat capacity, and distributing the stored solar energy throughout the living space. It describes the key components of a PSH system - the aperture (windows), absorber, thermal mass for storage, distribution methods, and controls. It also evaluates different materials for their suitability as a thermal mass, selecting concrete as the best option based on its high value of thermal conductivity over thermal diffusivity and relatively low cost.
The document discusses passive solar buildings, which are designed to harness solar energy for heating and cooling. Passive solar buildings utilize elements like southern windows, shading, and thermal mass materials to collect, store, and distribute solar heat in winter and reject it in summer without mechanical systems. There are three main categories of passive solar systems: direct gain, indirect gain, and isolated gain. Passive solar building provide benefits like lower energy costs, increased comfort, and harnessing a renewable resource without bills.
The document discusses materials for passive solar heating. It defines passive solar heating as using solar energy through windows, skylights, etc. to provide heating without pumps or fans. It then discusses two models to determine the best materials. Model 1 aims to maximize heat transfer over 12 hours, favoring materials with high conductivity and specific heat. Model 2 adds cost as a factor, minimizing cost per unit thickness. Considering both models, the best materials are concluded to be cement, brick and concrete.
The document discusses different types of energy sources, including renewable and non-renewable sources. It provides examples of non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and discusses renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy given that non-renewable fuel sources are limited and calls on individuals, especially children, to do their part to reduce energy consumption both at home and at school.
Climate change challenge us to review our life style specially on patterns of energy use. Excessiveness in energy uses makes energy management not optimal.
We can handle it very easy, by doing little things following, so much energy can be saved for our future sustainability.
This document discusses solar building design principles and provides examples of solar homes. It begins by explaining how ancient civilizations oriented buildings toward the sun and discusses how modern passive solar design is practical and affordable. It then describes four solar home projects: 1) An award-winning passive solar home in Northern California that needs no fuel for heating or cooling. 2) A five-story solar tower house with a solar-heated hot tub. 3) A barn with a 3 kW integrated solar roof that powers a home and apartment. 4) A 2,000 square foot home combining passive solar and solar collectors for heating and a roof-integrated PV system. It provides details on orientation, thermal mass, insulation and the energy savings of the
Passive solar energy uses natural sunlight without photovoltaics. Methods include solar ovens and indoor heating techniques that make use of clean, inexhaustible sunlight. Key components of passive solar systems include south-facing glass for winter heating, thermal mass materials like brick or concrete for heat storage, and proper building orientation within 30 degrees of true south for maximum solar gain and reduced cooling needs.
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less of an energy service or being more efficient. There are renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro can be generated continuously without limit, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are limited. The Energy Conservation Act was enacted in 2001 to promote efficient energy use and conservation in India. Individuals and industries can conserve energy through practices like using efficient appliances, insulation, adjusting boiler temperatures, recycling waste, and turning off unused devices.
Every year 14th December is celebrated all over India as Energy Conservation Day. This presentation was made on 14th Dec 2014 at Gujarat State Center of The Institution of Engineers (India) to spread awareness about conservation of energy.
People have been using energy from sources like watermills for thousands of years to power devices and mechanisms. Now, energy powers almost everything in modern homes and daily life. Specifically, heating accounts for 60% of home energy use, with water heating and washing appliances making up another 25% and lighting/electricity the remaining 15%. There are several ways to conserve energy at home, such as using more efficient light bulbs, turning off appliances when not in use, saving water to also conserve energy, regulating thermostats when away, and improving home insulation. Globally, hydroelectric power provides about one fifth of all energy, while wind turbines continue increasing in size, and around 17% of worldwide electricity is used for lighting.
An energy efficient house, also known as a zero net energy home, aims to generate as much renewable energy as it consumes over time through smart design and construction techniques. Key aspects include super-sealing the building envelope to minimize air leakage, super-insulating exterior walls and attics, installing energy-efficient windows, using solar energy for heating and lighting, and selecting high-efficiency appliances and HVAC systems. With an integrated approach that focuses on reducing energy demands and maximizing renewable energy generation, a zero net energy home significantly lowers utility costs and environmental impacts.
Vartika Tripathi's work experience document discusses electricity conservation tips. It begins by defining energy and its various types. It then focuses on electrical energy, explaining that it is the energy carried by moving electrons and is generated through various means at power plants. The document provides 20 tips for conserving electrical energy, such as turning off unused lights and electronics, using more efficient bulbs, adjusting thermostats, and utilizing solar power. It also presents lifestyle changes like wearing extra layers, air drying clothes, and closing curtains to retain heat. In conclusion, Vartika thanks the reader for learning about electricity conservation.
Saving energy has many benefits, including saving money and helping the environment. When energy is saved, it reduces demand for fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, lowering emissions of pollutants like carbon dioxide that contribute to global warming. There are now energy efficient alternatives for almost every appliance and light, giving consumers the power to significantly change their energy use.
This document discusses energy conservation and provides tips for saving energy. It begins by defining energy as the ability to do work, and notes that energy lights cities, powers vehicles and more. It then explains that we need to conserve energy because resources are limited and demands are increasing. Some ways to conserve mentioned include recycling, turning off unused devices, and replacing old light bulbs with energy efficient ones. Specific energy saving tips are provided for both home and public settings. The document emphasizes that conserving energy will save money and resources while reducing pollution. It provides an example of annual savings from replacing a light bulb. Overall, the document promotes energy conservation through various everyday practices.
Passive Solar Designby Software
-It is one part of green building design, and does not include active systems such as Mechanical ventilation or Photovoltaic.
-Three Passive Solar Principles that follow:
Principle 1: Site of Design & Sun Position.
Principle 2: Windows Design.
Principle 3: Overhangs & Shading.
This document discusses passive solar buildings. Passive solar buildings are designed to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling. They use elements like south-facing windows, thermal mass materials, and shading to regulate temperatures. Passive solar design works by allowing sunlight to provide heat in winter while blocking excess heat in summer. It can reduce heating bills by 40% annually and includes different techniques like direct gain, indirect gain, and isolated gain. Examples of successful passive solar buildings are provided from the US and Germany.
PowerPoint Presentation on how to save energy made by Diana Mujoiu, student in 7th grade from Magura School for the multilateral Comenius project "Mission into the Future - A Quest for Sustainability" (2012 - 2014)
Your home is the largest investment of your life. Apart from buying a house, you have to maintain the house which involves cost on a regular basis.
Besides the initial cost, a home is a series of operating systems that use energy and by taking care of those systems in a proper manner you can save much of the cost. Your cost gets multiplied if the systems aren’t efficient, or if your home is over 10 years old, then perhaps you should think of updating those systems. New generations of Energy Star appliances, heating and air/systems, and environmentally friendly insulation can bring your cost down to a great extent.
Most of the energy savings can be initiated with simple upgradation of appliances. The initial cost of upgrading may be on the high side but you can save a lot once you own an energy efficient home.
This is a presentation with a purpose of educating school kids (7th grade) about the importance of energy efficiency and also connecting energy usage with the larger picture that is Earth. This is a first of a series of presentations I am doing at Vidyavardhaka school in Mysore. Before the presentation, the students were already aware of the concepts of electricity generation, transmission etc. After the presentation, the kids were able to say that a proportionate amount of coal was burnt every time they wasted electricity. To summarize, I quote one student who said at the end of the presentation, "Sir, why can't they replace the bulbs (incandescant) in Mysore palace with CFLs? That would save a lot of coal from being burnt and prevent a lot of pollution".
Thermal Storage Wall or Thrombe Wall (prototype model)Prachurya Sarma
The document describes the design and testing of a thermal storage wall. The team members constructed a prototype wall using plywood, thermocol for heat storage, glass, black fins, and an exhaust fan. Testing showed that the temperature inside the wall increased over the course of the day, rising several degrees above the ambient temperature. The wall provides passive solar heating and could benefit cold areas in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
This document discusses passive cooling systems and presents a project on wind tower design. It describes passive cooling as a building approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation with low or no energy usage. Cross ventilation and shade trees are discussed as passive cooling techniques. The project then presents designs for a house incorporating a vertical wind tower to catch breezes and direct air flow inside for passive cooling. Diagrams show the house plans, elevations, and sections with wind tower details. The conclusion emphasizes that wind towers provide thermal comfort without energy usage as an advantageous passive cooling system.
This document discusses energy conservation and various energy sources. It notes how people historically used energy sources like water, wind and burning wood. With the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas became primary energy sources but are non-renewable. To avoid depleting fossil fuel reserves, it is important to conserve energy and explore renewable alternatives like solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal. Individuals can help by insulating homes, using appliances efficiently, and carpooling or taking public transportation.
There are two main categories of energy: renewable and non-renewable. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro can be continuously generated without depletion, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are finite. It is important to conserve energy because demand is increasing while fuel sources are limited and will eventually be depleted. Small actions like switching off lights when not in use, using public transport, and purchasing energy efficient appliances can help reduce energy consumption and prolong our remaining fuel reserves.
1) To conserve electricity at home and work, it is important to use electricity efficiently and avoid waste, such as switching off lights when not in use and replacing incandescent bulbs with fluorescent or LED bulbs.
2) When cooking, some tips include using flat-bottomed pans that make full contact with the heating element, keeping lids on pans to minimize heat loss, and cutting food into smaller pieces for faster, more even cooking.
3) For refrigerators and freezers, maintenance like cleaning coils regularly and keeping doors sealed can improve efficiency, as can avoiding placing them in direct sunlight or too close to walls or other heat sources.
South-facing glass is a key component of passive solar design that uses direct sunlight to heat buildings without mechanical devices. In a direct gain system, sunlight enters through windows and warms interior spaces, with the living area absorbing heat and distributing it to thermal mass materials like masonry floors and walls. Direct gain systems can use 60-75% of sunlight's energy to heat the building. Double or triple glazed windows are recommended for direct gain to reduce heat loss during winter.
The document discusses passive solar design and its various principles and techniques. It defines passive solar design as using elements like a building's orientation, windows, walls, roof and floors to collect, store and distribute solar energy for heating or cooling without active mechanical systems. It describes different passive solar heating and cooling techniques like direct gain, indirect gain, isolated gain, shading, ventilation, thermal mass, solar chimneys and wind towers. It also provides examples and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of passive solar design.
Energy conservation is important for several reasons. First, we have limited non-renewable energy resources on Earth and demands are increasing daily. Second, conserving energy saves money and reduces pollution. Third, switching to more efficient options and renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydro can help meet rising demands and lessen the impact on existing supplies. Some tips for conserving energy include recycling products, turning off unused devices, replacing old light bulbs with efficient LED bulbs, and improving insulation and efficiency of home appliances. Widespread conservation efforts can significantly reduce costs and energy imports over time.
This presentation discusses energy conservation. It defines energy as the ability to do work and outlines different types of energy sources, distinguishing between renewable sources like solar and wind, and non-renewable fossil fuels. The presentation urges conservation efforts, noting that demands are increasing while resources are limited. It suggests individual actions like using efficient light bulbs and unplugging unused devices to save energy and money. India relies heavily on fossil fuel imports, so increased conservation could help address future energy demands and reliance on foreign sources.
The document proposes a GreenMST solution that uses the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm to calculate a loop-free topology for OpenFlow networks using the learning switch module. This prevents broadcast storms while enabling failover capabilities. The MST is recomputed dynamically in response to topology changes to open and close ports. An implementation was created using Open vSwitch and the Beacon controller that demonstrated the ability of GreenMST to efficiently compute the MST and update port statuses with changes to links or switches. Future work is proposed to integrate dynamic link costs and alternative path memorization.
This document summarizes an energy efficient home that utilizes solar, wind, and rainwater collection systems. The home was designed with energy star construction including optimal orientation, insulation, windows, and appliances. It generates electricity through a hybrid solar/wind system and heats water solarly. These green features reduced the home's electricity usage by 60% and gas by 40% compared to a typical home. The renewable systems were estimated to increase the home's building costs by $8.18 per square foot.
Every year 14th December is celebrated all over India as Energy Conservation Day. This presentation was made on 14th Dec 2014 at Gujarat State Center of The Institution of Engineers (India) to spread awareness about conservation of energy.
People have been using energy from sources like watermills for thousands of years to power devices and mechanisms. Now, energy powers almost everything in modern homes and daily life. Specifically, heating accounts for 60% of home energy use, with water heating and washing appliances making up another 25% and lighting/electricity the remaining 15%. There are several ways to conserve energy at home, such as using more efficient light bulbs, turning off appliances when not in use, saving water to also conserve energy, regulating thermostats when away, and improving home insulation. Globally, hydroelectric power provides about one fifth of all energy, while wind turbines continue increasing in size, and around 17% of worldwide electricity is used for lighting.
An energy efficient house, also known as a zero net energy home, aims to generate as much renewable energy as it consumes over time through smart design and construction techniques. Key aspects include super-sealing the building envelope to minimize air leakage, super-insulating exterior walls and attics, installing energy-efficient windows, using solar energy for heating and lighting, and selecting high-efficiency appliances and HVAC systems. With an integrated approach that focuses on reducing energy demands and maximizing renewable energy generation, a zero net energy home significantly lowers utility costs and environmental impacts.
Vartika Tripathi's work experience document discusses electricity conservation tips. It begins by defining energy and its various types. It then focuses on electrical energy, explaining that it is the energy carried by moving electrons and is generated through various means at power plants. The document provides 20 tips for conserving electrical energy, such as turning off unused lights and electronics, using more efficient bulbs, adjusting thermostats, and utilizing solar power. It also presents lifestyle changes like wearing extra layers, air drying clothes, and closing curtains to retain heat. In conclusion, Vartika thanks the reader for learning about electricity conservation.
Saving energy has many benefits, including saving money and helping the environment. When energy is saved, it reduces demand for fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, lowering emissions of pollutants like carbon dioxide that contribute to global warming. There are now energy efficient alternatives for almost every appliance and light, giving consumers the power to significantly change their energy use.
This document discusses energy conservation and provides tips for saving energy. It begins by defining energy as the ability to do work, and notes that energy lights cities, powers vehicles and more. It then explains that we need to conserve energy because resources are limited and demands are increasing. Some ways to conserve mentioned include recycling, turning off unused devices, and replacing old light bulbs with energy efficient ones. Specific energy saving tips are provided for both home and public settings. The document emphasizes that conserving energy will save money and resources while reducing pollution. It provides an example of annual savings from replacing a light bulb. Overall, the document promotes energy conservation through various everyday practices.
Passive Solar Designby Software
-It is one part of green building design, and does not include active systems such as Mechanical ventilation or Photovoltaic.
-Three Passive Solar Principles that follow:
Principle 1: Site of Design & Sun Position.
Principle 2: Windows Design.
Principle 3: Overhangs & Shading.
This document discusses passive solar buildings. Passive solar buildings are designed to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling. They use elements like south-facing windows, thermal mass materials, and shading to regulate temperatures. Passive solar design works by allowing sunlight to provide heat in winter while blocking excess heat in summer. It can reduce heating bills by 40% annually and includes different techniques like direct gain, indirect gain, and isolated gain. Examples of successful passive solar buildings are provided from the US and Germany.
PowerPoint Presentation on how to save energy made by Diana Mujoiu, student in 7th grade from Magura School for the multilateral Comenius project "Mission into the Future - A Quest for Sustainability" (2012 - 2014)
Your home is the largest investment of your life. Apart from buying a house, you have to maintain the house which involves cost on a regular basis.
Besides the initial cost, a home is a series of operating systems that use energy and by taking care of those systems in a proper manner you can save much of the cost. Your cost gets multiplied if the systems aren’t efficient, or if your home is over 10 years old, then perhaps you should think of updating those systems. New generations of Energy Star appliances, heating and air/systems, and environmentally friendly insulation can bring your cost down to a great extent.
Most of the energy savings can be initiated with simple upgradation of appliances. The initial cost of upgrading may be on the high side but you can save a lot once you own an energy efficient home.
This is a presentation with a purpose of educating school kids (7th grade) about the importance of energy efficiency and also connecting energy usage with the larger picture that is Earth. This is a first of a series of presentations I am doing at Vidyavardhaka school in Mysore. Before the presentation, the students were already aware of the concepts of electricity generation, transmission etc. After the presentation, the kids were able to say that a proportionate amount of coal was burnt every time they wasted electricity. To summarize, I quote one student who said at the end of the presentation, "Sir, why can't they replace the bulbs (incandescant) in Mysore palace with CFLs? That would save a lot of coal from being burnt and prevent a lot of pollution".
Thermal Storage Wall or Thrombe Wall (prototype model)Prachurya Sarma
The document describes the design and testing of a thermal storage wall. The team members constructed a prototype wall using plywood, thermocol for heat storage, glass, black fins, and an exhaust fan. Testing showed that the temperature inside the wall increased over the course of the day, rising several degrees above the ambient temperature. The wall provides passive solar heating and could benefit cold areas in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
This document discusses passive cooling systems and presents a project on wind tower design. It describes passive cooling as a building approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation with low or no energy usage. Cross ventilation and shade trees are discussed as passive cooling techniques. The project then presents designs for a house incorporating a vertical wind tower to catch breezes and direct air flow inside for passive cooling. Diagrams show the house plans, elevations, and sections with wind tower details. The conclusion emphasizes that wind towers provide thermal comfort without energy usage as an advantageous passive cooling system.
This document discusses energy conservation and various energy sources. It notes how people historically used energy sources like water, wind and burning wood. With the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas became primary energy sources but are non-renewable. To avoid depleting fossil fuel reserves, it is important to conserve energy and explore renewable alternatives like solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal. Individuals can help by insulating homes, using appliances efficiently, and carpooling or taking public transportation.
There are two main categories of energy: renewable and non-renewable. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro can be continuously generated without depletion, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are finite. It is important to conserve energy because demand is increasing while fuel sources are limited and will eventually be depleted. Small actions like switching off lights when not in use, using public transport, and purchasing energy efficient appliances can help reduce energy consumption and prolong our remaining fuel reserves.
1) To conserve electricity at home and work, it is important to use electricity efficiently and avoid waste, such as switching off lights when not in use and replacing incandescent bulbs with fluorescent or LED bulbs.
2) When cooking, some tips include using flat-bottomed pans that make full contact with the heating element, keeping lids on pans to minimize heat loss, and cutting food into smaller pieces for faster, more even cooking.
3) For refrigerators and freezers, maintenance like cleaning coils regularly and keeping doors sealed can improve efficiency, as can avoiding placing them in direct sunlight or too close to walls or other heat sources.
South-facing glass is a key component of passive solar design that uses direct sunlight to heat buildings without mechanical devices. In a direct gain system, sunlight enters through windows and warms interior spaces, with the living area absorbing heat and distributing it to thermal mass materials like masonry floors and walls. Direct gain systems can use 60-75% of sunlight's energy to heat the building. Double or triple glazed windows are recommended for direct gain to reduce heat loss during winter.
The document discusses passive solar design and its various principles and techniques. It defines passive solar design as using elements like a building's orientation, windows, walls, roof and floors to collect, store and distribute solar energy for heating or cooling without active mechanical systems. It describes different passive solar heating and cooling techniques like direct gain, indirect gain, isolated gain, shading, ventilation, thermal mass, solar chimneys and wind towers. It also provides examples and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of passive solar design.
Energy conservation is important for several reasons. First, we have limited non-renewable energy resources on Earth and demands are increasing daily. Second, conserving energy saves money and reduces pollution. Third, switching to more efficient options and renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydro can help meet rising demands and lessen the impact on existing supplies. Some tips for conserving energy include recycling products, turning off unused devices, replacing old light bulbs with efficient LED bulbs, and improving insulation and efficiency of home appliances. Widespread conservation efforts can significantly reduce costs and energy imports over time.
This presentation discusses energy conservation. It defines energy as the ability to do work and outlines different types of energy sources, distinguishing between renewable sources like solar and wind, and non-renewable fossil fuels. The presentation urges conservation efforts, noting that demands are increasing while resources are limited. It suggests individual actions like using efficient light bulbs and unplugging unused devices to save energy and money. India relies heavily on fossil fuel imports, so increased conservation could help address future energy demands and reliance on foreign sources.
The document proposes a GreenMST solution that uses the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm to calculate a loop-free topology for OpenFlow networks using the learning switch module. This prevents broadcast storms while enabling failover capabilities. The MST is recomputed dynamically in response to topology changes to open and close ports. An implementation was created using Open vSwitch and the Beacon controller that demonstrated the ability of GreenMST to efficiently compute the MST and update port statuses with changes to links or switches. Future work is proposed to integrate dynamic link costs and alternative path memorization.
This document summarizes an energy efficient home that utilizes solar, wind, and rainwater collection systems. The home was designed with energy star construction including optimal orientation, insulation, windows, and appliances. It generates electricity through a hybrid solar/wind system and heats water solarly. These green features reduced the home's electricity usage by 60% and gas by 40% compared to a typical home. The renewable systems were estimated to increase the home's building costs by $8.18 per square foot.
The document provides tips for environmental responsibility, including reducing waste and energy and water consumption. It recommends choosing recycled products, using recycling bins properly, and fixing leaky taps or toilets to save water. It also suggests turning off lights and electronics when not in use, using public transport or cycling instead of cars, and lowering the thermostat to reduce heating bills and save energy. Failing to adopt these practices could lead to depletion of resources and increased pollution over the long run.
The document describes the Punjab Mandi Bhawan in Mohali, designed by architect Sarbjit Singh Bahga. The building serves as the new headquarters for the Punjab State Agricultural Marketing Board. Bahga employed several energy-efficient design strategies, including orienting the building along a north-south axis to maximize natural light, minimizing solar heat gain through vertical louvers and overhangs, and using high-performance glass and building materials. The six-floor building emphasizes natural lighting and includes skylights over a central atrium. Bahga's design achieved the client's goals of a modern, efficient office building that demonstrates innovative energy-efficient architecture.
This energy efficient home utilizes various appliances and design features to minimize energy usage. It has 10 rooms, venetian blinds for air flow control, and energy efficient LED lights, appliances, and electronics that operate at far less wattage than regular items. A daily schedule and power limitations help ensure overages do not exceed allotments.
Landscape architecture energy efficient landscape lecture 8Bineet Chhajer
Tree consumes lesser water, cleans air pollution, provide shade and require low maintenance. Start Plant and Design with Native Tree to save our future.
The French school in Damascus, Syria follows a sustainable design approach using passive strategies to minimize energy costs. The campus houses 900 students through small classroom buildings arranged around courtyards. Natural ventilation is prioritized using solar chimneys, earth ducts, and nighttime cooling to maintain thermal comfort without air conditioning. Thick, insulated walls provide thermal mass to moderate indoor temperatures. Shaded courtyards and vegetation create microclimates connecting outdoor and indoor learning spaces.
The document provides tips for making a home more energy efficient and environmentally friendly. It recommends using renewable energy sources like solar power and rain water harvesting. It also suggests starting with simple steps like switching to energy efficient light bulbs, pressure cookers, and other eco-friendly appliances. Some conscious decisions and changes in habits can make a difference, such as turning down the thermostat, switching appliances off standby mode, and turning off lights when leaving a room. Maintaining radiators and washing full loads can help. Mending dripping taps and cutting down on shower time are also crucial. The overall message is to start making these changes today to help save the earth.
The document discusses various energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. It covers improving energy efficiency, types of solar, water, wind, and biomass energy. Geothermal energy and hydrogen fuel are also examined. Decentralized micropower systems are presented as an emerging trend that utilizes various renewable energy sources at a local level. The importance of a sustainable energy strategy and transitioning to renewable sources is emphasized.
The document discusses the principles of energy efficient architecture and climate responsive design. It emphasizes modulating building conditions to keep them within the comfort zone throughout the day using landscape, form, materials and other passive design strategies. The goal is to analyze site conditions, climate data, and building program to inform the passive design of the building form, envelope, and energy systems to create sustainable habitats.
This document discusses energy efficient buildings and standards in the UK. It outlines that 32% of total energy is consumed by buildings for uses like heating and cooling. UK standards have tightened over time, with regulations in 1965 setting a maximum U-value of 1.33 W/m2K, lowering to 0.3 W/m2K in 2014. Voluntary standards like the Code for Sustainable Homes assess areas like energy use, materials, and health. Passivhaus is also discussed as an informal standard requiring super insulation and high performance windows. Building envelopes play a key role in meeting standards by reducing heat loss through high performance insulation.
Energy Efficient Design Education Through Architectural Design Studio ProjectsKhaled Ali
This document discusses an experiment conducted in an architectural design studio course to educate students about energy efficient design. The experiment tasked students with designing a zero net energy office building. Students researched energy efficient design strategies, renewable energy technologies, and simulation software. They designed building concepts for different sites in Riyadh and Jeddah that minimized energy usage and maximized on-site energy production. The experiment helped raise environmental awareness and taught students how to calculate energy consumption and production. While it faced challenges from lack of infrastructure and support, the experiment achieved its goals of developing students' skills and linking architectural design to energy issues.
JEG Building Solutions look at some of the best energy efficient building materials on the market today. Long-term energy efficiency is essential for modern construction, to help our planet and cut our energy costs.
The document discusses energy efficiency and conservation. It explains that efficiency means reducing energy losses during conversions from one form to another. Conservation refers to reducing consumption through lifestyle changes and technology. While the total energy in the universe remains constant, the form of energy can change through conversions. Common energy sources include fossil fuels, nuclear, and solar/wind, which are converted into more useful forms through devices. These conversions are never 100% efficient, with some energy always lost as low quality heat.
A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants as compared to a conventional building
This document discusses making buildings more energy efficient. It begins by stating that 30-40% of primary energy in India is used by buildings. The objective is to keep buildings' conditions like temperature and humidity as close as possible to comfort levels while minimizing overall energy consumption and costs. It then examines the energy used at different stages of a building's life cycle and for different building types. Technologies discussed for improving efficiency include energy modeling, data mining of building data, and fault detection analysis. Data mining techniques can achieve energy savings of 10-12% by helping optimize building design.
Energy Efficiency Methods And Techniques V.2patmcmmc
This document discusses various energy efficiency methods and techniques that can help lower energy bills, improve home comfort, and reduce environmental impact. It describes how improving insulation, installing efficient heating systems and controls, reducing air leakage, and adopting energy efficient behaviors can significantly cut household energy usage. Specific techniques covered include attic insulation, draught-proofing, efficient lighting and appliances, low-flow fixtures, and proper heating system maintenance. The goal is to use energy more efficiently and eliminate waste to save money while keeping homes warm and healthy.
The document discusses good practices for improving energy efficiency in buildings. It outlines several key features of green buildings including using energy efficient equipment, renewable energy sources, and recycled/environmentally friendly materials. Green buildings can reduce operating costs by 30-40% while also providing health, comfort and productivity benefits. The document then provides examples of typical green building practices and technologies related to energy use, water use, materials selection and indoor environmental quality.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
The idea of Energy Efficient design is
to modulate the conditions such that they
are always within or as close as possible to
comfort zone.Modulations introduced by the
landscape,built form,envelope,materials and
other control measures bring the conditions
within the range throughout twenty four hours
cycle.
This is goal of Energy Efficient Architecture
Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious environmental and economical problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. The close connection between energy use in buildings and environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a building and meet its demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable environmental resources
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an
Integrated Approach To Building Design.
Green Architecture also known as “sustainable architecture” and “green building” is an approach to architectural design which emphasizes the place of the buildings with both local ecosystems & global environment.
This document provides an overview of composite climates and guidelines for building design in these climates. It describes the nature of composite climates, which have characteristics of both hot/dry and warm/humid climates, alternating between long hot periods and shorter rainy periods. The key design criteria are resisting heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Recommendations include proper orientation, thick walls and roofs, courtyards, shading, insulation, and ventilation. Traditional dwellings in Delhi and a contemporary solar energy center in Gurgaon are discussed as case studies.
High-Mass, SunTerra EnergyBlockTM ConstructionSunterra Homes
Sunterra EnergyBlock is a new insulated concrete block system that provides high thermal mass for energy efficient construction. It can reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 35% compared to lightweight construction by storing heat in winter and keeping interiors cool in summer. Appropriate use of thermal mass throughout a home can significantly improve comfort and lower bills. EnergyBlock also allows architects flexibility in exterior design while providing sound insulation, sustainability, and net-zero energy performance.
TERI -BANGLORE_Case study
this case study is prepared for my studio project _sustainable corporate office . we did a study tour at TERI for a day and report is made in accordance with the goals of sustainable (12 point's )
The document discusses passive solar building design. It begins by noting that population growth and urbanization have increased energy consumption. About 35-40% of energy is used by buildings, mostly for heating. The rest of the document discusses various passive solar design elements that can be used to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating buildings in winter and cooling in summer. These include south-facing windows, thermal mass materials, shading devices, and thermal storage walls like Trombe walls. The benefits of passive solar design are reducing energy consumption and heating/cooling costs.
High Mass Construction with SunTerra EnergyBlockSunterra Homes
SunTerra EnergyBlock is a new building system that uses concrete blocks with thermal mass to significantly reduce heating and cooling costs compared to traditional construction methods. By storing heat from the sun or other sources, and releasing it gradually, thermal mass helps keep homes warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Homes built with EnergyBlock can see energy cost reductions of up to 35% and exceed insulation standards while providing masonry beauty and strength. The system optimizes passive solar design principles for ultra-efficient green homes.
Sustainability in Architecture, Interior Design, Landscape, buildingmahmood Albrifkany
Sustainability by openings, architecture, interior design: Future buildings should create healthier and more comfortable lives for their occupants
without having a negative impact on the climate.
Green architecture aims to minimize environmental impacts and prioritize sustainability. It focuses on efficient energy and water usage, non-toxic materials, and passive solar design. Green buildings provide environmental benefits like pollution reduction and conservation of resources, as well as economic benefits from reduced utility costs and improved occupant productivity. Sustainable design principles include considerations for site development, materials selection, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality.
Passive cooling is the least expensive and most environmentally friendly means of cooling a home. It involves designing the building envelope to minimize heat gain and facilitate heat loss through natural processes like air movement, breezes, evaporation, and earth coupling. Key elements of passive cooling design include orientation for airflow, natural ventilation, shading, insulation levels appropriate for the climate, and use of thermal mass and reflective materials. The goal is to reduce daytime heat gain and allow nighttime temperatures and breezes to naturally cool the home and occupants.
Passive Cooling Techniques in Buildings: An OverviewPratish Rawat
This document discusses various passive cooling techniques that can be used in buildings to reduce energy consumption from air conditioning. It begins by outlining some key passive techniques like shading from overhangs, louvers, and awnings. It also discusses roof shading, shading from trees and vegetation, insulation techniques, and iatrogenic air flow methods like solar chimneys, air apertures, wind towers, and nocturnal radiation cooling. Further techniques discussed include evaporative cooling, passive downdraft evaporative cooling towers, roof pond cooling, desiccant cooling, earth air tunnels, and earth berming. The document concludes that applying various passive cooling strategies can lower a building's cooling load by 50-70%
The document discusses the design of a zero energy house in Ifrane, Morocco for a family of five. Key aspects of the design include:
1) Focusing on energy efficiency through high insulation, passive solar design principles like window placement and shading, and use of renewable energy sources.
2) Relying on a 2.83 kW photovoltaic array and solar water heating to meet the house's estimated annual energy needs of 3,500 kWh.
3) Selecting building materials based on factors like embodied energy, toxicity, and recyclability to minimize environmental impacts and ensure occupant health.
The use of natural ventilation as a energy in The Deck House.itsmylifesl
The document discusses natural ventilation as an energy efficient solution for the Deck House building. It describes strategies used to enhance natural ventilation, including building placement on stilts to capture wind, using vegetation to modify wind direction, an open floor plan, and openings placed to promote cross ventilation and stack ventilation to flush out stale air. The natural ventilation strategies help reduce energy consumption by decreasing the need for mechanical ventilation and air conditioning.
This document discusses passive solar building design techniques to reduce energy consumption from heating. It describes how passive solar buildings are designed to allow winter sun to enter and heat the building using elements like south-facing windows and thermal mass materials that absorb and slowly release heat. Specific passive solar techniques discussed include direct gain, indirect gain, day lighting, thermal storage walls, water walls, radiant panels, and skylights. The document explains how these different passive design elements work to efficiently heat buildings using natural solar energy without mechanical systems.
The document discusses building envelopes and energy conservation in buildings. It defines a building envelope as the outer shell that maintains indoor climate control. Properly designing, constructing, and maintaining the building envelope prevents air and water infiltration. The purposes of the building envelope include water resistance, air flow control, and serving as a thermal envelope. Passive solar systems operate without external devices by using solar energy captured through windows. Active solar systems use collectors and storage to capture solar heat and transfer it within a building. The document also discusses types of energy used in commercial buildings and embodied energy in building materials and construction processes. Building automation and management systems aim to efficiently control building operations and reduce energy consumption and costs.
Passive cooling is a design approach that focuses on controlling heat gain and dissipating heat without energy usage. It involves preventing heat entry, storing heat in thermal mass, and releasing heat at night. Key techniques include site design for climate/wind, solar shading, insulation, natural ventilation like cross/stack ventilation, night flushing to release stored heat, radiative cooling of roofs at night, evaporative cooling using water, and coupling buildings to cooler earth temperatures underground.
The Energy Research Institute building in Bangalore utilizes passive design strategies to reduce energy usage. It is oriented along an east-west axis for maximum northern exposure. A double cavity wall on the south side insulates from heat. Skylights and fenestrations provide natural lighting while solar panels and heaters harness solar energy. Landscaping, terraces, and earth berming maintain indoor thermal comfort. Passive ventilation is enhanced through solar chimneys. The design skillfully integrates natural elements like sun, air, water, and earth with the built form.
Guide to Building an Energy Efficient Home mrconroy
The document provides guidance on building an energy efficient home. It discusses selecting an appropriately oriented site that receives winter sun and is sheltered from wind. The building should have a compact form and south-facing orientation to allow for passive solar heating. High levels of insulation throughout the building fabric are important to minimize heat loss, as is avoiding thermal bridges. Proper ventilation is also essential to provide fresh air while minimizing energy wasted through draughts.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Things to Consider When Choosing a Website Developer for your Website | FODUUFODUU
Choosing the right website developer is crucial for your business. This article covers essential factors to consider, including experience, portfolio, technical skills, communication, pricing, reputation & reviews, cost and budget considerations and post-launch support. Make an informed decision to ensure your website meets your business goals.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
3. The energy for life………..
Energy is essential to our daily lives.It heats our home
Fuel our transport and supplies electricity .At the moment
we use most of the energy come from our
fuels.Unfortunately there is limited supply of fossil fules in
the world we are using them up at a very fast rate.
Why we use energy efficient
structure !
5. Energy Efficient Structure
Energy Efficient Structures can be described as the structures that
involve the use of less energy intensive materials required for the
construction.
6. Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation is the process of supplying and
removing air through an indoor space by natural means,
meaning without the use of a fan or other mechanical
system. It uses outdoor air flow caused by pressure
differences between the building and its surrounding to
provide ventilation and space cooling.
7. Importance
Natural ventilation is important because it can provide and move
fresh air without fans. For warm and hot climates, it can help meet
a building's cooling loads without using mechanical air conditioning
systems.
8. Wood can be cheaper material.
Wood is naturally beautiful.
Wood is naturally insulator.
Wood Structure !
9. Wood is durable.
Wood is structurally very strong.
Wood is fast and efficient to build.
Wood Structure !
10. Roofing is a profund effect on our whole structure because it
effects on our building maintiance .
An efficent total roofing system can lower the energy
required for our building structure by 30 percent or more.
11. If the house is exposed to the low altitude winter sun
should be glazing on the south side.
Masonary walls and concret floor can absorb energy
during the day and release it gradually during the
evening.
12. Otherwise additional measures will be required to avoid
overheating in summer and excessive heat loss at night and on
overcast days in winter.
13. Structure of our building should be in such a way that we use
maximum sun light instead of electricity applieances.