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1. ENERGY CONSERVATION TIPS
BY
BS.MUKUNTH

3. Power to all at 2012
Aim of Ministry of
Power
Powering the progress of Tamil Nadu…

4. CONSUMERS OF TANGEDCO
Total Consumers - 2.25 Crores.
Domestic - 66% - 1.485 crores
Commercial - 12.8 % - 28.8 Lakhs
Agriculture - 9.5 % - 21.4 Lakhs
Industrial - 1.7 % - 3. 8 Lakhs
Others - 10% - 22.5 Lakhs

5. TANGEDCO has an efficient network that has
grown over the years.
Growth over 54 Years
1957 2011
Consumer base 4.3 Lakhs 225 Lakhs
Number of DT’s 3773 1.92 Lakhs
Length of LT lines 13,055 kms 5.38 Lakhs
Kms

6. 1957 2011
Peak demand 172 MW 10180 MW
Per Capita consumption 21 units 1080 units
Total electrified towns 1813 63956
villages and hamlets
Number of sub-stations 89 1309
Agriculture Pump sets 33,440 20.63 lakh

7. 1A Tariff ( Domestic )
< 100 Units
 1 to 50 units = Re.0.65/-
 51 to 100 Units= Re.0.75/-
>100 units
 to 50 units = Re.0.75/-
 51 to 100 Units = Re.0.85/-
 101 to 200 Units = Re.1.50/-
 201 to 600 Units = Re.2.20/-
 Above 601 Units = Re.3.05/-

8. V Tariff ( Commercial )
 1 to 100 units = Re.4.30/-
 101 to 200 Units = Re.5.30/-
 Above 200 units = Re 6.50/- + 5% Tax.
III A(2) Tariff (Powerloom)
 1 to 500 units = Re.1.40/-
 501 to 1500 Units = Re.2.25/-
 Above 1501 Units = Re.2.50/- + 5% Tax.
III B Tariff (Industries)
 1 to 1500 units = Re.4.00/-
 Above 1501 Units = Re.5.00/- + 5% Tax.

9. TNEB’s Power infrastructure
I - Installed capacity of TNEB
Total installed capacity
including central share & IPP = 10,214 MW
Renewable energy sources
like windmill, Bios mass and = 5586 MW
Cogeneration
Total installed capacity
in Tamil Nadu = 15800 MW.

10. TNEB’s Power infrastructure
Present power scenario
CONSUMERS OF ELECTRICITY
I - Installed capacity of TNEB
Total Consumers MW – 30%
Thermal – 2970 - 2.25 Crores.
Peak power shortage – 13%5532 MW
Gas -- 424 MW -- 04% =
Domesticshortage – 21% 1.485 crores
- 66% -- 9%
Energy-- 2137 MW
Hydro
Central share -- 2841 MW
Commercial - 12.8 % - 2012 Lakhs GW
Energy requirement by 28.8 – 100
IPP -- 1101 MW
Rs. Sources --Crores investment
Ex. 800,000 - 9.5 % - 21.4 Lakhs
Agriculture 360 MW
required --
others 288 MW
Industrial
Total - 1.7 % - 3.10,122 MW
8 Lakhs
Others - 10% - 22.5 Lakhs

11. Energy forecast
Year 2000 2007 2012
Generation 100 GW 144 GW 200 GW
capacity
Demand is doubled within 10 Years

12. HOW TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY?

13. Pykara

14. • SINGARA HYDRO POWER HOUSE

16. KADAMPARAI

17. Salient Features : (PUMPED STORAGE SCHEME)
• Capacity – 4 x100 MW
• Year of Commissioning – 1986
• The first of its kind in the country to operate both in
generator and pumping mode since 1987.
• In this Power House the off peak ( Night time)
energy is utilized to pump water to the upper
reservoir and during peak hours ( Day time) the
Power House is put in generation mode.

18. THERMAL GENERATION

19. METTUR THERMAL POWER STATION

20. Basin Bridge Chennai

22. Capacity - 95 MW
• Year of Commissioning – 2003
• Fuel - Natural Gas
• Cost of generation /unit - Rs 3.36

23. NUCLEAR GENERATION

25. SOLAR GENERATION

27. 100 units of energy 40 units of energy as
in coal electricity

28. 100 units of 97 units of
electricity electricity
40 units of 38.8 units of
energy energy

29. 96 units of
100 units of
electricity
electricity
38.8 units 37.25 units
of energy of energy

30. Energy efficiency

31. Efficiency = O/P
I/P
0.5 = 1Unit
I/P
I/P = 2 Units
ONE Unit Saved = TWO Units Generated

32. The end efficiency of electrical power in
Thermal Power Station
The heat energy in the fuel = 100 %
Efficiency of thermal plant = 0.40
Efficiency of EHT transmission = 0.97
Efficiency of substation = 0.96
Efficiency of LT network = 0.84
Efficiency of motor = 0.85
Efficiency of compressor = 0.80
Overall Efficiency ????

33. End Efficiency
= 0.40 x 0.97 x 0.96 x 0.84 x 0.85 x 0.80
= 0.21
= 21% ~ 100 % Heat in
the coal
Ratio is 1:5

34. Why Energy
Conservation ?

35. Energy Conservation and its Importance?

36. FuelStatus

37. Benefits of Energy Conservation
 Optimizing generation to meet demand
 For one’s own benefit - Saving money
 To Reduce pollution
For future generation
 To preserve precious resources
 To protect environment –Reducing Global
Warming
 To Avoid acid rain
 To Avoid ozone layer depletion
Energy is like time – once wasted can’t be regenerated

38. Thermal Power Generation Smoke – Round the clock

39. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere acts as a
transparent blanket, that contributes to the
global warming of the earth, or "greenhouse
effect."
Sulfur dioxide is also emitted into the air
when coal is burned. The sulfur dioxide
reacts with water and oxygen in the clouds to
form precipitation known as "acid rain."

40. What are the Impact of Global warming Up?……
Global warming produce extreme weather condition
• Shifted / changed rainfall pattern
• Shifted / changed evaporation pattern
• Heavy flood
• Severe drought
• High strength & never heard off cyclone like
Hurricane, Katrina, Rita, Fanoos ……
• Killer wave Tsunami
Scientists argue that Cyclone has doubled in last 35
years both in intensity and frequency

44. The Arial view of Marina Beach after Tsunami triggered earth
quake in the Indian ocean hit the area of south Indian city of
Chennai

45. Impact of Acid Rain:
Destruction of Historical Relic
A Photo in
Europe
A stone statue
eaten by acid
rain.
Cultural and
historical
heritage is also
being damaged
by this kind of
pollution.

46. Impact of Acid Rain
Photo – In 1910
Shows the effect of 400
years of weathering on a
grotesque which
decorates Lincoln
Cathedral in England.
Photo – In 1984
(74 years later )
Acid rain and other
atmospheric pollution
have worn the figure
to a recognizable
remnant.

47. Impact of Acid Rain
Taj Mahal
World wonder Monument Taj Mahal in
India built entirely of marble and is now
prone to acid-rain damage

48. What is Energy Conservation?
• Energy conservation is any behavior
that results in the use of less energy.
• Turning the lights off when you leave
the room and using energy efficient
equipments are both ways of
conserving energy.

49. • Energy efficiency is the use of technology
that requires less energy to perform the same
function.
• A compact fluorescent light bulb that uses
less energy than an incandescent bulb to
produce the same amount of light is an
example of energy efficiency.
• However, the decision to replace an
incandescent light bulb with a compact
fluorescent is an act of energy conservation.

50. HOW TO CONSERVE
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY?

51. Zero cost
• Switch off lights, fans
• Defrost refrigerator
• Clean AC filters
• Removal of night lamps
• Loading of washing machines

53. ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY
HOME APPLIANCES

54. SWITCH OFF FANS & LIGHTS, WHEN
NOT IN USE
Dust the bulbs once a month. Clean bulbs last
longer, due to less heat build-up inside.

60. Natural Light Tubular Skylights
Made from spun aluminum for long lasting durability,
skylights are simple to install and effective in bringing in
outside light to most areas in our home. Wonderful for
kitchens and bathrooms and anywhere else in our home that
is dark during the daytime!

61. Natural Light Tubular Skylights operate
completely on the sun's solar energy. No wiring or
switches - just free light with all the positive benefits
of natural lighting.
Even on cloudy days, the tubular skylight
works - though the intensity of the light will be
slightly diminished. Additionally, the tubular
skylights filter out the harmful UV rays that
endanger our health, and fade clothing, furniture
and carpeting.

62. Before Installing Natural Light Tubular Skylights

63. After Installing Natural Light Tubular Skylights

64. Low profile look on your roof

65. Finished look inside home

66. Shrinathji Aluminium Enterprises
Manufacturer of skylights and UV protected polycarbonate
skylights along with glass domes, structural canopies, glass
walkways, aluminum composite panel cladding and structural
glazing systems.
Address: No. 2, KV Colony, 6th Cross Street,
Opp. Arya Gowda Road, West Mambalam, Chennai,
Tamil Nadu - 600 033, India
Mobile / Cell Phone: +(91)-9940651550
For a Room of 150 Sq.ft it costs only Rs 1000/- to the
maximum end. The amount varies depending upon the type of
roof , type of skylight etc.

67. Dinner together saves electricity

68. • Incandecent Lamp CFL 75%
(Compact Fluorescent Lamp)

69. TUBE LIGHT
Electromagnetic Choke Electronic Choke 50 %

70. Advantages of Electronic Choke
 Operates even at fluctuating voltages from 90V to
270 V AC
 No Starter Required
 Instant glow with no flickering increases Tube life
 No heat generated - Thus no blackening of walls
 No Humming noise generated
 Easy installation and same size as normal choke
 Repairable and Re-usable incase of Malfunctioning

71. Energy Consumption
Type of With With Power
Lamp conventional Electronic Savings
choke choke
40 W 15 W 2W 13 W
Tube Light
40 W with ordinary choke = 4 Hrs x 30 days
= 120 x 55w = 6600 WHr.
Energy used by 1 lamp / month = 6.6 units = 6.6 x 2.2 = Rs 14.5 /-
40 W with Electronic choke = 4 Hrs x 30 days
= 120 x 42 = 5040 WHr.
Energy used by 1 lamp for 1 month = 5 units = 5 x 2.2 = Rs 11 /-
Savings in the bimonthly electricity bill for 1 lamp Rs 7 /-

72. Savings to the CONSUMERS:
C.C Bill for 1 lamp = Rs 7 /- ( 3 Units )
For ex for 4 Lamps = Rs 28 / - ( 12 units )
Savings to the TANGEDCO:
1 Unit Saved = 2 Units Produced.
Cost of Power generation in Thermal = Rs 3.5 /-
Power purchase for 1 unit from IPP = Rs 7 /-
Power purchase for 1 unit from other states = Rs 8/-
Power purchase for 1 unit from other states during peak hours
= Rs 10/-

74. The lifespan of a CFL is 4 times more than
incandescent bulbs.
CFLs produce very little heat and are highly
suitable for AC rooms.
CFLs are ideally suited for living rooms, Bed
rooms, Kitchen, Study etc., where light is
required for long hours.
Portico is another place of use, where light is
required throughout the night.

75. Energy consumption comparison
Type Watts Working Days Monthly *Rs / Year
Hr Unit
TL 40 8 25 11 290.00
CFL 8 8 25 1.6 42.00
TL with Ordinary Choke = 55 W.
Monthly Units Consumed = 55 x 8 x 25 = 11000WHr =
11 Units x 12 x 2.2 = Rs 290/-
CFL = 8 x 8 x 25 = 1600 WHr = 1.6 Units
@ Rs.2.20 / Unit.

76. Life Hours Comparison
Life Hours of ICL = 1500 Hrs
4 Hrs / day = appro 375 Days
( 1 Year 10 Days ).
Life Hours of TL = 3000 Hrs
4 Hrs / day = appro 750 Days.
( 2 Years 20 Days ).
Life Hours of CFL = 7000 Hrs
4 Hrs / day = appro 1750 Days.
( 4 Years 290 Days ).

77. RECOMMENDED VALUES OF ILLUMINATION
Kitchen : 16 W CFL 250 LUX
Study room : 36 W CFL 500 LUX
Bathroom: 8W CFL 150 LUX
Bed room : 16 W CFL 250 LUX
Verandah: 16W CFL 250 LUX
Staircase: 8W CFL 150 LUX
Storeroom: 16W CFL 250 LUX

78. Keep atleast 15 REFRIGERATOR
inches
distance from the wall to allow
heat generated by the
compressor and motor to
escape.
Do not stuff your
refrigerator. Adequate space
for air circulation increases
cooling efficiency.

79. Zero cost

80. Zero cost

81. Do not keep the refrigerator door open
unnecessarily for long period. Decide what
you want before opening the door.
Make sure that food items are cooled to
room temperature and securely covered before
they are placed in the refrigerator.
Clean the coils on the back side regularly.
Defrost regularly.

82. Do not Keep fridge in the kitchen because
the heating effect in the kitchen will make
the compressor to run frequently to
maintain the cooling capacity. Hence
more power is utilized.

84. FANS
• Use light weight / energy efficient
fans.
• Lubricate bearing of motor
periodically.
• Use electronic regulators for
fans.
70 W 50W

85. GRINDER
• Use energy efficient
motors for grinders.
• Always use nylon belt in
grinders.
• Use grinder to its full
capacity.
• Clean and lubricate
grinder parts
periodically

86. * The grinder stone should be made rough
so that the time taken for grinding will be
minimized .
* By keeping the rice & dol soaked for
atleast 5 hours, 15% of energy will be
saved.

87. Washing Machine
• Use the Washing machine
with full load.
• When purchasing, choose the
energy efficient one.
• Prefer a washing machine
without drier.
• Avoid using the washing
machine at peak hours.
(6AM to 09.00 AM & 6PM
to 09.00 PM)

88. AIR-CONDITIONER:
1) Proper capacity of AC
should be used in the rooms. i.e for
the size of 100 sq.ft Room 1 Tonne
AC may be installed.

89. Ton as the name suggests is equivalent to 1000
kg. How is this related to air conditioner ?
To relate ice and cooling capacity a formula is
derived which says the amount of energy
required per hour to make one ton of ice in
twenty-four hours. This comes out to be 12000
BTU (British thermal units).
So one ton is equal to 12000 BTU.
Cooling capacity of an air conditioner is
measured in tons , so one ton AC provides
12000 BTU in one hour.

90. While buying air conditioner check the following
on the specifications:
Cooling Capacity in BTU.
Power consumed in Watts.
Star rating if available.
Star rating is based upon the EER of an AC.
EER is Cooling Capacity divided by Power
Consumed. To calculate EER in watts BTU needs to
be converted into watts.
12000 BTU is equal to 3517 watts or
1BTU = 0.2937 Watts or
ONE TON = 3517 Watts

91. Window Air Conditioner Sizing Chart
Room air conditioners generally have cooling
capacities that range from 5,500 BTU per hour to
14,000 BTU per hour. A common rating term for air
conditioning size is the "ton," which is 12,000 BTU
per hour.
Square feet Btu’s Square feet Btu’s
100 – 150 5,000 350 – 400 9,000
150 – 250 6,000 400 – 450 10,000
250 – 300 7,000 450 – 550 12,000
300 – 350 8,000 500 – 700 14,000
700 – 1,000 18,000

93. • Close Windows and Doors when the AC
is ON.
• Keep ACs at 240C. For each degree that
is set above 220C, you will use 3 to 5 %
less energy.
• Turn off your AC an hour before the
usage.

94. • Clean AC filter often. This will save the
energy and increases the efficiency.
• Use ceiling or table fan as first line of
defence against summer heat. Ceiling
fans, for instance, cost about 30 paise an
hour to operate - much less than air
conditioners (Rs 3.00 per hour).

95. A good air conditioner will cool and
dehumidify a room in about 30
minutes, so use a timer and leave
the unit off for some time.

96. MICROWAVE OVEN
 Always use the Oven to its full capacity.
Plan accordingly.
 Load & unload the Oven as quickly as
possible to avoid heat loss.
Always switch of the Microwave from
the mains after use.

97. TURN OFF YOUR COMPUTER, WHEN NOT IN USE.
Laptop computers draw only 15 to 25 watts
during regular use, as compared to the 150 watts
used by a conventional desktop computer and
monitor. Plus, laptops also draw just a fraction of a
watt when in sleep mode.

98. If your computer must be left on, turn off the
monitor; this device alone uses more than
half the system's energy.
Screen savers save computer screens, not
energy. Start-ups and shutdowns do not use
any extra energy, nor are they hard on your
computer components. In fact, shutting
computers down when you are finished using
them actually reduces system wear - and
saves energy

99. IRON BOX
• For every degree you
lower the thermostat
you’ll save between
1 to 3% of power.
• Avoid ironing daily .It
consumes 40% more
energy than of ironing
all clothes at weekends.

100. WATER HEATERS
• Use solar water heaters
wherever possible.
• Avoid water leakage in
taps / joints.
• Always insulate hot
water pipes to reduce
heat loss.

101. Solar Water Heater
 Life is about 20 years.
 It uses clean and freely
available Solar Energy.
 No running cost and
negligible maintenance
cost.
 Gives supply of 100 litres at
60oC – adequate for
2 bathrooms +

102. COST BENEFIT ANALSIS – SOLAR WATER HEATER
• Cost of Solar Water Heater = Rs. 14,000/-
• Electricity saved per annum = 1340 units
(assume 2KW geyser used for 2 hrs. daily) = (4 units x 335 days)
• Cost of Energy @ Rs. 2.20 / unit = Rs. 2948/ annum
(upto 600 units bimonthly)
• Cost of Energy @ Rs. 3.10 / unit = Rs. 4154/ annum
(above 600 units bimonthly)
• Pay back period is 3.5 to 5 years.

103. PEAK HOUR
 06.00 AM to 09.00 AM
& 06.00 PM to 09.00 PM
 Avoid using power in
peak hour as far as
possible.
 This can be done by
avoiding washing
machine, geyser, water
pumps, iron Box, Grinder
etc at the peak hour.

104. AVOID STAND-BY MODE
 What most of us fail to realize is that
every time we leave a plug point “ON”
after switching “OFF” an electrical
appliance from the machine button,
power is still being consumed, in the
“stand-by mode”.
 Make it a habit to switch off your
appliances from the plug point; it saves
an unbelievable 5% power.
 Don’t keep your computer monitors on
“sleep” or “screen saver” mode as this
consumes power as well.

106. Energy Savings in Motor
Depending upon the Depth of the Bore the
Motor rating should be selected.
150 to 200 ft - ½ HP
200 to 250 ft - 1 HP = 746W
250 to 400 ft - 1 ½ HP
400 to 600 ft - Double piston
compressor motor 2 HP

107. Energy Savings in Motor
Sample calculation:
A 1 ½ HP Motor being loaded 1 ½ HP and working for 2hrs
in a day - energy cost Rs.2.20/- unit ( 2x 365 days = 730 Hrs )
Standard Motor is measured to be 80% Efficient.
Energy Efficient Motor available, same rating and same
dimensions, 95% Efficient.
Input Power and annual consumption –
Standard Motor = 1.12 /0.80 x 730 = 1022 units
EE Motor = 1.12 /0.95 x 730 = 860 units
Saving potential = 162 units Rs. 357.00 / year
Rs 30 / month

108. Why is the EE motor more
expensive?
Energy Efficient motors are generally priced
15 % higher than Standard motors
More Copper
More laminations - longer core length and/or
Higher grade i.e. low loss laminations
Sometimes higher frame size is required

109. AGRICULTURE
• Substitute rusted G.I suction/
delivery pipes by low friction
rigid PVC pipes of correct
diameter.
• Provide and maintain capacitors
in good condition.
• Avoid operation under low
voltage conditions.
• Use energy efficient pumpsets.
• Use ISI Motors & Capacitors
• Use ISI Foot Valve
• Reduce bend in water line
• Don’t operate motor in two
phase

110. Conservation of Energy thro’
other ways…

111. Water Conservation
• When washing dishes by hand,
don't let the water run while rinsing.
• Turn off the water while you brush
your teeth
• Turn off the water while shaving
• Drive your car onto a lawn to wash
it. Rinse water can help water the
grass.
• Children should not be allowed to
play with the garden hose
• Check for Leaks & Arrest the
leakage.

112. CONSERVATION WHILE COOKING
• Cover pans while cooking to prevent heat
loss.
• Just before your food is cooked completely,
turn off the oven or burner and allow the heat
in the pot or pan to continue the cooking
process for you.
• The less liquid and fat you use, the quicker
the cooking time.
• Use pressure cooker. It really saves on
energy.
• Don’t let the water to boil for more than
required.

113. POWER
SAVE MONEY
NATION

114. ?