This document discusses energy conservation and safety in internal combustion engines. It begins by defining energy conservation as reducing energy consumption through using less energy for the same service. It then describes several methods to improve energy conservation in IC engines, such as clean diesel, direct injection, cylinder deactivation, turbochargers, and variable valve timing. The advantages of energy conservation in IC engines are also listed, including improved economy, environmental friendliness, and national security. Finally, the document discusses safety considerations for IC engines and measures recommended by OSHA to prevent fires and explosions when used near flammable materials.

1. ENERGY CONESERVATION &
SAFETY IN I.C ENGINE
PREPARED BY:
ARCHIL M SHAH
136050319052
JAY A PATEL
136050319032
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2.  INDEX
Introduction
What is energy conservation?
Need energy conservation in I.C Engine.
Methods or Ways of energy conservation.
Advantages of Energy Conservation of IC Engine.
Safety in I.C Engine
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3.  INTRODUCTION
An I.C engine is type of combustion engine that convert
chemical energy into thermal energy . To produce
mechanical work . In an I.C engine , combustion chamber
is an integral part of an working fluid circuit.
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4.  ENERGY CONSERVATION
Energy refers to reducing energy consumption through using
less an energy service . Energy conservation differs from
efficient energy use , which refers to using less energy for a
constant service .
 For eg.
Driving less is an example of energy conservation.

5.  METHODS OF ENERGY
CONSERVATION
Clean diesel
Direct injection
Cylinder deactivation
Turbochargers
Variable valve timing
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6.  CLEAN DIESEL
Various advances such as the availability of ultra low
sulphur diesel fuel, better catalysts and particulate matter
traps, better control over combustion are making diesel
engines cleaner, so you can expect a new wave of diesel
passenger vehicles to come to the US in the next few years.
Diesel engines are certainly far from perfect, but they have
inherently better thermal efficiency than gasoline engines,
and they are usually more durable (if also more expensive
and heavier). Another benefit is that they can run
on biodiesel, which if you can find fuel made from waste
cooking oil or (in the next few years) from algae can be very
green.
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7.  DIRECT INJECTION
Before direct injection, the fuel was mixed with air in
the car's intake manifold. Now, with direct injection,
the fuel is mixed with air inside the cylinder, allowing
for better control over the amount of fuel used, and
variations depending on demand (acceleration vs.
cruising). This makes the engine more fuel efficient.
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8. 08IMAGE

9.  CYLINDER DEACTIVATION
The name says it all. ICEs with this feature can
simply deactivate some cylinders when less power is
required, temporarily reducing the total volume of the
engine cylinders and so burning less fuel. This
feature is found on V6 and V8 engines.

10.  TURBOCHARGER
Turbochargers increase the pressure inside
cylinders, cramming more air and allowing
combustion to generate more power.
This doesn't make the engine more economical in
itself, but since a smaller displacement engine can
generate more peak power, you can more easily
downsize and save there.
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11.  VARIABLE VALVE TIMING
Valves open and close to allow air and fuel to enter
cylinders and for the products of combustion to exit. Different
valve timings produce different results (more power, better
fuel economy). Traditionally, you couldn't vary that timing, so
the choice had to be made once when the engine was
designed. But many modern engines can vary valve timing,
allowing for example the default low RPM range of the
engine to have more economical timing, and the higher RPM
range to go for max power. This allows a smaller
displacement engine to produce more peak power, so it
allows for downsizing and fuel savings.

12.  IMAGE

13.  ADVANTAGES OF ENERGY
CONSERVATION IN I.C ENGINE
It improves economy.
Its is enviourmental friendly.
It improves national security.
It upgrades & enhances quality of life.
 it improves indoor air quality.

14.  SAFETY IN I.C ENGINE
Internal combustion engines can be hazardous if used in
facilities that process flammable gases and liquids.
 The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
states that internal combustion engines fuelled by diesel,
gasoline, natural gas, propane, or other fuels, can act as
ignition sources. The following engine types could cause
explosions and fires if not used correctly:
1. Stationary engines such as gasoline powered compressors,
generators, and pumps.
2. Emergency response vehicles such as fire engines and
ambulances.
3. Small portable engines such as mowers, blowers,
generators, compressors, welders, and pumps

15.  OSHA recommends a workplace evaluation and other
preventative measures, including:
1. Identifying areas where flammable liquids or gases are
located and where internal combustion engines are used.
2. Determine flammable material areas and internal
combustion engine use by contractors.
3. Store materials and equipment according to OSHA
standards.
4. Train workers and contractors on hazardous areas and
safety precautions.
Develop programs that promote workplace safety and teach
workers how to safely perform tasks involving internal
combustion engines, and provide the appropriate safety
equipment to protect employees against various workplace
hazards.

16.  REFRENCES
 Book Name- Thermal Engineering 2
 Author- R.B. VARIA