This document provides an overview of energy audits and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) certification process in India. It discusses the purpose and methodology of preliminary and detailed energy audits. It also outlines the role of State Designated Agencies (SDAs) in implementing energy conservation activities at the state level in accordance with the Energy Conservation Act. The certification provided by BEE regulates energy efficiency standards and guidelines for organizations.
An energy audit examines a facility's energy usage to identify opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce energy costs. The audit process involves analyzing energy usage patterns, conducting a preliminary survey, and performing a detailed audit in three phases. The detailed audit establishes an energy balance, evaluates efficiency at each process step, and provides recommendations and cost analyses for conservation measures. The goal is to translate efficiency ideas into an action plan with technical and economic feasibility assessments.
This document discusses energy auditing and management. It defines an energy audit as the systematic collection and analysis of energy data to identify conservation opportunities. The objectives are to identify current energy usage and costs, assess consumption patterns, relate usage to production, highlight inefficiencies, and set savings targets. An energy audit process includes a preliminary audit using existing data to establish a baseline and identify focus areas, followed by a more detailed audit using advanced instrumentation to account for 95% of energy usage and develop engineering recommendations. The audit outputs include an assessment of management structures, a need for metering and monitoring, and an action plan prioritizing energy projects and setting budgets for savings.
Industrial energy efficiency techniques and energy management (1)Anish Maman
This document discusses industrial energy efficiency and energy management. It describes why energy efficiency is important due to rising energy prices, energy security, climate change, and green jobs. The main systems that consume energy in industry are identified as HVAC, compressed air, heating/cooling, electrical, lighting, motors, boilers, refrigeration, drying, and waste treatment. Energy management and industrial energy audits are defined as tools to optimize energy usage and identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption and costs. Preliminary and detailed energy audit methodologies are outlined.
Energy management involves monitoring and optimizing energy usage to reduce costs and environmental impacts. It begins with conducting an energy audit to understand current energy consumption. A preliminary audit provides an initial assessment while a detailed audit examines all energy systems through on-site data collection and analysis to identify savings opportunities. The audit process involves documenting energy usage, analyzing inefficiencies, and developing an implementation plan with cost-benefit calculations for proposed conservation measures. The goal is to minimize energy waste across production and facility operations.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary and detailed energy audits are outlined as well as the methodology, reporting format and importance of understanding energy costs. Key areas of focus for energy audits include fuel substitution, energy generation and distribution optimization, and improving energy usage in industrial processes.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview while detailed audits involve comprehensive data collection and analysis. The document outlines the methodology for conducting detailed energy audits in multiple phases. It also discusses classifying conservation opportunities and reporting audit findings and recommendations.
The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize
costs) and enhance competitive positions”
The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”
An energy audit examines a facility's energy usage to identify opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce energy costs. The audit process involves analyzing energy usage patterns, conducting a preliminary survey, and performing a detailed audit in three phases. The detailed audit establishes an energy balance, evaluates efficiency at each process step, and provides recommendations and cost analyses for conservation measures. The goal is to translate efficiency ideas into an action plan with technical and economic feasibility assessments.
This document discusses energy auditing and management. It defines an energy audit as the systematic collection and analysis of energy data to identify conservation opportunities. The objectives are to identify current energy usage and costs, assess consumption patterns, relate usage to production, highlight inefficiencies, and set savings targets. An energy audit process includes a preliminary audit using existing data to establish a baseline and identify focus areas, followed by a more detailed audit using advanced instrumentation to account for 95% of energy usage and develop engineering recommendations. The audit outputs include an assessment of management structures, a need for metering and monitoring, and an action plan prioritizing energy projects and setting budgets for savings.
Industrial energy efficiency techniques and energy management (1)Anish Maman
This document discusses industrial energy efficiency and energy management. It describes why energy efficiency is important due to rising energy prices, energy security, climate change, and green jobs. The main systems that consume energy in industry are identified as HVAC, compressed air, heating/cooling, electrical, lighting, motors, boilers, refrigeration, drying, and waste treatment. Energy management and industrial energy audits are defined as tools to optimize energy usage and identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption and costs. Preliminary and detailed energy audit methodologies are outlined.
Energy management involves monitoring and optimizing energy usage to reduce costs and environmental impacts. It begins with conducting an energy audit to understand current energy consumption. A preliminary audit provides an initial assessment while a detailed audit examines all energy systems through on-site data collection and analysis to identify savings opportunities. The audit process involves documenting energy usage, analyzing inefficiencies, and developing an implementation plan with cost-benefit calculations for proposed conservation measures. The goal is to minimize energy waste across production and facility operations.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary and detailed energy audits are outlined as well as the methodology, reporting format and importance of understanding energy costs. Key areas of focus for energy audits include fuel substitution, energy generation and distribution optimization, and improving energy usage in industrial processes.
This document provides information on energy management and energy auditing. It defines energy management as the judicious use of energy to maximize profits and competitive positioning. The objective of energy management is to achieve optimal energy procurement and utilization while minimizing costs, waste and environmental impacts. Energy auditing is described as a systematic approach to identify areas of wasted energy and inefficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview while detailed audits involve comprehensive data collection and analysis. The document outlines the methodology for conducting detailed energy audits in multiple phases. It also discusses classifying conservation opportunities and reporting audit findings and recommendations.
The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize
costs) and enhance competitive positions”
The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output. In commercial and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce energy expense and carbon footprint.
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Qeraton Arabia offers energy auditing and renewable energy services. An energy audit identifies energy inefficiencies to reduce costs. It inspects electrical systems, HVAC, lighting and more. The audit procedure involves data collection, analysis, and identifying energy efficiency measures. Thermography detects hot spots. Recommendations include efficient equipment, insulation, controls and renewable energy. The report details findings, savings opportunities and an implementation plan.
This document provides information about technical audits conducted by the Management Audit Division of E I D Parry (India) Ltd for various companies in the Murugappa Group. The objectives of the technical audits are to recommend cost savings and quality improvements through identifying areas for increased energy efficiency and facilitating their implementation. The audit process involves creating awareness, identifying areas to audit, prioritizing and conducting pilot audits, implementing recommendations, and sharing learnings. Key focus areas of the audits are energy sources like steam, electricity, renewable energy as well as factory assets, production processes, safety and environment. Methodologies, skills required, and tools used for conducting energy and other technical audits are also outlined.
This document provides an abstract for a thesis submitted to fulfill the requirements for a Master's degree in Thermal Engineering. The thesis focuses on energy conservation in boilers. The study aims to reduce energy losses in a boiler and increase its efficiency. The boiler plant uses biomass fuel (rice husk). Efforts are focused on heat loss through the boiler furnace and major exergy destruction areas like the economizer and air preheater. The document provides literature on general energy conservation techniques in boilers, including for equipment like feedwater pumps. It discusses the methodology and calculations used for the energy audit and analysis, including instrumentation, formulas, and exergy analysis using the second law of thermodynamics. The energy savings estimation and
This document provides details about an energy audit conducted at Wires & Fabriks (S.A). It begins with an introduction to the company and describes the nature of their work manufacturing forming fabrics. It then provides an overview of the goals and types of energy audits. The methodology for preliminary and detailed energy audits is explained in multiple phases and steps. Key areas that were analyzed include lighting systems, opportunities for using daylight, and conclusions/recommendations.
This document discusses different types of energy and provides details about electrical energy audits. It defines primary and secondary energy, as well as commercial and non-commercial energy. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind and hydroelectric power, while non-renewable sources are fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. The document also explains that energy audits identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview, targeted audits analyze specific areas, and detailed audits follow a three-phase process to assess energy usage and recommend conservation measures.
This document discusses industrial energy audits and their importance. It provides an overview of the types of energy audits, including preliminary and detailed audits. Preliminary audits gather basic energy usage data through interviews and reviews, while detailed audits involve comprehensive assessments of energy systems and balance of energy inputs and outputs. The goals of energy audits are to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs. Conducting regular audits is important for energy management and conservation efforts in industries.
This document discusses energy planning and auditing. It explains that energy planning protects from disruptions and ensures continuous emphasis on energy management through scheduled events. The document then describes the various steps in conducting an energy audit, including preliminary, targeted, and detailed audits. A detailed energy audit involves collecting information on energy sources, costs, distribution systems, process diagrams, and consumption data. It aims to establish a baseline and identify potential savings through fuel substitution, equipment efficiency improvements, and process modifications. The post-audit phase includes developing an action plan, implementation schedule, and ongoing monitoring.
The document discusses energy efficiency studies and challenges in maintaining assets in government buildings in Malaysia. It outlines the government's regulations requiring energy audits and designation of energy managers for large energy-consuming buildings. Energy audits are described as identifying energy savings potential through analyzing consumption data and measuring performance of electrical systems. Audits of government buildings found a lack of energy management practices and awareness. Integrating energy efficiency considerations into asset management practices, such as life cycle cost analysis, can help reduce energy use and costs over the lifetime of building systems.
1. general energy use problems & energy auditneetu meena
presentation is related to energy conservation and management, topics include conservation policy, energy crisis and methods to mitigate it, energy audit, energy reporting monitoring and energy management co-ordinator, General energy Problem: Energy use patterns and scope for conservation
Energy audit: Energy monitoring
Energy accounting and analysis
Auditing and targeting
Energy conservation policy
Energy management & audit, Energy audit, Types of energy audit, Targeted Energy Audits, Preliminary Energy Audit, Detailed Energy Audit, Energy management (audit), qualities and function of energy managers, language of an energy manager Methods to mitigate Energy crises, Energy Strategy for Future, Questionnaire, Checklist for top management, India Energy Scenario, Loss of energy in material flow, energy performance, World energy scenario, Maximizing system efficiency, Optimizing, input energy requirements, Energy auditing instruments, Material load energy balance diagram,Use of Energy, Energy crises, Causes of the Energy Crisis, Energy demand and availability
1. The document discusses energy audits, which are tools used to identify areas of energy inefficiency and waste. Energy audits provide a systematic approach to measure energy use, identify losses, calculate actual consumption, and provide solutions to improve efficiency.
2. An energy audit involves verifying, monitoring, and analyzing energy use through measurement and analysis of consumption reports. The audit identifies opportunities for improved energy efficiency to provide benefits like cost savings, increased comfort, and equipment longevity.
3. Proper energy audits follow specific methodological steps including documentation review, facility inspection, staff interviews, utility analysis, evaluation of potential efficiency improvements, and reporting of findings and recommendations.
This document discusses principles of energy conservation and energy audits. It explains that energy conservation means reducing energy consumption without sacrificing production quality or quantity. An energy audit is a technical survey that studies patterns of energy consumption across machines, sections, and departments to identify areas of waste and inefficiency. The goal is to recommend improvements that can be implemented in the short, medium, and long term to boost overall plant efficiency and reduce energy costs. Energy audits are the starting point of energy management programs.
The document outlines the key aspects of conducting an energy audit for an industrial establishment. It defines an energy audit as the first step in any energy management program that seeks to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency. The summary includes identifying major energy uses, analyzing conservation opportunities, conducting cost-benefit analyses of projects, and developing an action plan to prioritize implementation. The goal of an energy audit is to establish a baseline and targets to help reduce energy costs through efficiency gains over time.
The document outlines the key aspects of conducting an energy audit for an industrial establishment. It defines an energy audit as the first step in an energy management program to identify conservation opportunities. The summary includes identifying major energy uses, opportunities for savings, conducting a cost-benefit analysis of opportunities, and developing an action plan to prioritize implementation. The overall goal of an energy audit is to assess current energy usage and efficiency to guide improvements that reduce costs.
The document outlines the process for conducting an energy audit. It discusses initiating an energy management program, analyzing energy bills, conducting an on-site audit by examining various systems and equipment, and developing an energy audit report that identifies energy management opportunities and recommends cost-effective solutions to reduce energy usage and costs. The goal of an energy audit is to understand current energy usage and identify ways to use energy more efficiently.
IRJET - Energy Audit and Electrical Power Consumption of ADIT CollegeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted at ADIT College in India. The audit analyzed the college's lighting systems and electrical power consumption. It was found that replacing fluorescent tubes and ballasts with LED lighting could save up to 10.5 kW in electricity usage, saving over 22,000 kWh per year and paying for the upgrade within 16 months. Similarly, replacing halogen lamps with metal halide lamps could save 24 kW and over 84,000 kWh annually, paying back the cost in 8 months. The audit concluded that implementing more efficient LED lighting across the college could significantly reduce electrical costs through decreased power consumption and shorter payback periods.
The document discusses the origin and evolution of Earth's atmosphere over time in three main phases:
1) Just after Earth formed, the atmosphere was probably hydrogen and helium which later escaped.
2) As the early Earth cooled, volcanoes released gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane that interacted with water to form the atmosphere.
3) Eventually, photosynthesis by blue-green algae introduced oxygen to the atmosphere while reducing carbon dioxide, leading to the atmosphere we have today with oxygen levels that support life.
An automatic water sampler is an intelligent pump that collects water samples from a source into bottles based on time, flow, or other parameters like rainfall or water quality. It allows for more efficient, precise, and accurate monitoring of water quality over time at remote sites. Modern automatic water samplers integrate sensors to trigger sampling based on water quality measurements and transmit data remotely. Their main applications include monitoring rivers and wastewater for regulatory compliance.
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output. In commercial and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce energy expense and carbon footprint.
energy audit checklist
energy audit companies near me
mass save home energy assessment
home energy audit near me
do it yourself energy audit
energy audit free
free home energy audit
eversource energy audit
eversource home energy audit ct
energy audit checklist
energy audit report sample
what is an energy auditor
energy audit for home
energy audit equipment
energy audit program
home energy audit cost
energy audit ppt
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
Qeraton Arabia offers energy auditing and renewable energy services. An energy audit identifies energy inefficiencies to reduce costs. It inspects electrical systems, HVAC, lighting and more. The audit procedure involves data collection, analysis, and identifying energy efficiency measures. Thermography detects hot spots. Recommendations include efficient equipment, insulation, controls and renewable energy. The report details findings, savings opportunities and an implementation plan.
This document provides information about technical audits conducted by the Management Audit Division of E I D Parry (India) Ltd for various companies in the Murugappa Group. The objectives of the technical audits are to recommend cost savings and quality improvements through identifying areas for increased energy efficiency and facilitating their implementation. The audit process involves creating awareness, identifying areas to audit, prioritizing and conducting pilot audits, implementing recommendations, and sharing learnings. Key focus areas of the audits are energy sources like steam, electricity, renewable energy as well as factory assets, production processes, safety and environment. Methodologies, skills required, and tools used for conducting energy and other technical audits are also outlined.
This document provides an abstract for a thesis submitted to fulfill the requirements for a Master's degree in Thermal Engineering. The thesis focuses on energy conservation in boilers. The study aims to reduce energy losses in a boiler and increase its efficiency. The boiler plant uses biomass fuel (rice husk). Efforts are focused on heat loss through the boiler furnace and major exergy destruction areas like the economizer and air preheater. The document provides literature on general energy conservation techniques in boilers, including for equipment like feedwater pumps. It discusses the methodology and calculations used for the energy audit and analysis, including instrumentation, formulas, and exergy analysis using the second law of thermodynamics. The energy savings estimation and
This document provides details about an energy audit conducted at Wires & Fabriks (S.A). It begins with an introduction to the company and describes the nature of their work manufacturing forming fabrics. It then provides an overview of the goals and types of energy audits. The methodology for preliminary and detailed energy audits is explained in multiple phases and steps. Key areas that were analyzed include lighting systems, opportunities for using daylight, and conclusions/recommendations.
This document discusses different types of energy and provides details about electrical energy audits. It defines primary and secondary energy, as well as commercial and non-commercial energy. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind and hydroelectric power, while non-renewable sources are fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. The document also explains that energy audits identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview, targeted audits analyze specific areas, and detailed audits follow a three-phase process to assess energy usage and recommend conservation measures.
This document discusses industrial energy audits and their importance. It provides an overview of the types of energy audits, including preliminary and detailed audits. Preliminary audits gather basic energy usage data through interviews and reviews, while detailed audits involve comprehensive assessments of energy systems and balance of energy inputs and outputs. The goals of energy audits are to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs. Conducting regular audits is important for energy management and conservation efforts in industries.
This document discusses energy planning and auditing. It explains that energy planning protects from disruptions and ensures continuous emphasis on energy management through scheduled events. The document then describes the various steps in conducting an energy audit, including preliminary, targeted, and detailed audits. A detailed energy audit involves collecting information on energy sources, costs, distribution systems, process diagrams, and consumption data. It aims to establish a baseline and identify potential savings through fuel substitution, equipment efficiency improvements, and process modifications. The post-audit phase includes developing an action plan, implementation schedule, and ongoing monitoring.
The document discusses energy efficiency studies and challenges in maintaining assets in government buildings in Malaysia. It outlines the government's regulations requiring energy audits and designation of energy managers for large energy-consuming buildings. Energy audits are described as identifying energy savings potential through analyzing consumption data and measuring performance of electrical systems. Audits of government buildings found a lack of energy management practices and awareness. Integrating energy efficiency considerations into asset management practices, such as life cycle cost analysis, can help reduce energy use and costs over the lifetime of building systems.
1. general energy use problems & energy auditneetu meena
presentation is related to energy conservation and management, topics include conservation policy, energy crisis and methods to mitigate it, energy audit, energy reporting monitoring and energy management co-ordinator, General energy Problem: Energy use patterns and scope for conservation
Energy audit: Energy monitoring
Energy accounting and analysis
Auditing and targeting
Energy conservation policy
Energy management & audit, Energy audit, Types of energy audit, Targeted Energy Audits, Preliminary Energy Audit, Detailed Energy Audit, Energy management (audit), qualities and function of energy managers, language of an energy manager Methods to mitigate Energy crises, Energy Strategy for Future, Questionnaire, Checklist for top management, India Energy Scenario, Loss of energy in material flow, energy performance, World energy scenario, Maximizing system efficiency, Optimizing, input energy requirements, Energy auditing instruments, Material load energy balance diagram,Use of Energy, Energy crises, Causes of the Energy Crisis, Energy demand and availability
1. The document discusses energy audits, which are tools used to identify areas of energy inefficiency and waste. Energy audits provide a systematic approach to measure energy use, identify losses, calculate actual consumption, and provide solutions to improve efficiency.
2. An energy audit involves verifying, monitoring, and analyzing energy use through measurement and analysis of consumption reports. The audit identifies opportunities for improved energy efficiency to provide benefits like cost savings, increased comfort, and equipment longevity.
3. Proper energy audits follow specific methodological steps including documentation review, facility inspection, staff interviews, utility analysis, evaluation of potential efficiency improvements, and reporting of findings and recommendations.
This document discusses principles of energy conservation and energy audits. It explains that energy conservation means reducing energy consumption without sacrificing production quality or quantity. An energy audit is a technical survey that studies patterns of energy consumption across machines, sections, and departments to identify areas of waste and inefficiency. The goal is to recommend improvements that can be implemented in the short, medium, and long term to boost overall plant efficiency and reduce energy costs. Energy audits are the starting point of energy management programs.
The document outlines the key aspects of conducting an energy audit for an industrial establishment. It defines an energy audit as the first step in any energy management program that seeks to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency. The summary includes identifying major energy uses, analyzing conservation opportunities, conducting cost-benefit analyses of projects, and developing an action plan to prioritize implementation. The goal of an energy audit is to establish a baseline and targets to help reduce energy costs through efficiency gains over time.
The document outlines the key aspects of conducting an energy audit for an industrial establishment. It defines an energy audit as the first step in an energy management program to identify conservation opportunities. The summary includes identifying major energy uses, opportunities for savings, conducting a cost-benefit analysis of opportunities, and developing an action plan to prioritize implementation. The overall goal of an energy audit is to assess current energy usage and efficiency to guide improvements that reduce costs.
The document outlines the process for conducting an energy audit. It discusses initiating an energy management program, analyzing energy bills, conducting an on-site audit by examining various systems and equipment, and developing an energy audit report that identifies energy management opportunities and recommends cost-effective solutions to reduce energy usage and costs. The goal of an energy audit is to understand current energy usage and identify ways to use energy more efficiently.
IRJET - Energy Audit and Electrical Power Consumption of ADIT CollegeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an energy audit conducted at ADIT College in India. The audit analyzed the college's lighting systems and electrical power consumption. It was found that replacing fluorescent tubes and ballasts with LED lighting could save up to 10.5 kW in electricity usage, saving over 22,000 kWh per year and paying for the upgrade within 16 months. Similarly, replacing halogen lamps with metal halide lamps could save 24 kW and over 84,000 kWh annually, paying back the cost in 8 months. The audit concluded that implementing more efficient LED lighting across the college could significantly reduce electrical costs through decreased power consumption and shorter payback periods.
The document discusses the origin and evolution of Earth's atmosphere over time in three main phases:
1) Just after Earth formed, the atmosphere was probably hydrogen and helium which later escaped.
2) As the early Earth cooled, volcanoes released gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane that interacted with water to form the atmosphere.
3) Eventually, photosynthesis by blue-green algae introduced oxygen to the atmosphere while reducing carbon dioxide, leading to the atmosphere we have today with oxygen levels that support life.
An automatic water sampler is an intelligent pump that collects water samples from a source into bottles based on time, flow, or other parameters like rainfall or water quality. It allows for more efficient, precise, and accurate monitoring of water quality over time at remote sites. Modern automatic water samplers integrate sensors to trigger sampling based on water quality measurements and transmit data remotely. Their main applications include monitoring rivers and wastewater for regulatory compliance.
Potentiostats/galvanostats are electrochemical instruments that control voltage or current applied to electrochemical cells and measure the resulting current or potential. They have two main modes - potentiostatic mode which controls and measures potential, and galvanostatic mode which controls and measures current. Potentiostats use a three-electrode system including a working, reference, and counter electrode to precisely control potential at the working electrode. Key components include a reference electrode to maintain a stable potential and a control amplifier to minimize potential differences. Potentiostats are vital tools for electrochemical research including studies of electrode reactions, batteries, corrosion, and more.
An energy manager's duties include preparing an annual plan to reduce energy costs, establishing an energy conservation cell within the company, and initiating activities to improve energy monitoring and process control. The manager also analyzes equipment efficiency, ensures proper instrumentation calibration, conducts workshops for staff, and develops training programs to improve energy efficiency across operations. Overall, the energy manager works to create an integrated system for energy efficiency and environmental upgrades through audits, networking, and information exchange.
Green buildings seek to reduce environmental impacts through efficient energy and water use, conservation of resources, and improved air quality. They are designed and operated using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's lifecycle. Key aspects of green buildings include efficient energy use, sustainable site selection and design, conservation of water and materials, and indoor environmental quality. Major green building certification systems evaluate projects based on these and other criteria to determine compliance with sustainability standards and issue certifications.
Green building, also known as sustainable construction, aims to reduce environmental impact through practices like efficient energy and water use, healthy indoor environments, and reduced waste. It incorporates design strategies like passive solar, daylighting, and on-site renewable energy and materials that conserve natural resources over the building's lifecycle from construction to demolition. While technologies evolve, core principles include efficiency, environmental quality, and minimizing overall impact on human health and the natural world.
Geospatial technology includes remote sensing, geographic information systems, and global positioning systems which can improve organizational integration, support better decisions, create maps, and save costs and time.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to degrade environmental pollutants into less toxic forms. It can occur in situ, with the contaminants treated on site, or ex situ by removing the contaminated soil or water for treatment. The mechanisms involve microbes breaking down pollutants for food and energy. Key types are bacterioremediation using bacteria, phytoremediation using plants, and mycoremediation using fungi. Bioremediation can transform or mineralize organic wastes into innocuous substances like carbon dioxide and water.
This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS). It begins by defining some basic map concepts like features, scale, and symbology. It then discusses what GIS is, how it works, and what makes it special. GIS allows users to capture, store, manipulate, analyze and visualize spatial data. It integrates data from different sources into interactive maps. Users can perform tasks like querying attributes, analyzing networks, modeling 3D surfaces, interpolating between data points, and complex spatial analysis. Overall, the document outlines the core components and capabilities of GIS as a tool for visualizing and solving real-world problems involving geographic data.
mateorological and ocean monitoring satellite (2).pptxsapna kinattinkara
This document summarizes meteorological and ocean monitoring satellites. It discusses the main types of meteorological satellites including geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. It provides details on specific meteorological satellite programs run by countries and organizations like the US, Europe, India, and Japan. These include NOAA, GOES, Meteosat, Nimbus, Megha-Tropiques, and INSAT satellites. The document also describes the common sensors and image types used by these satellites like AVHRR, TOVS, and visible, infrared, water vapor images. It explains the features and uses of these different sensor images.
Coal is formed from decaying plant material over millions of years. As peat forms under wet conditions, it is buried and compressed over time into coal. There are two theories for the origin of coal - plants either grew and decayed in place or plant material was transported elsewhere by water. Coal ranks include peat, lignite, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite based on carbon content and heat energy potential. Major coal deposits are found in countries like the US, Russia, Germany, and India.
Municipal solid waste management is challenging due to increasing waste quantities. Proper management is needed to reduce health and environmental impacts. The 4R approach of reduce, reuse, recycle, and refuse helps minimize waste. Common waste types include household, industrial, medical, and construction debris. Management methods include collection, disposal through landfills or incineration, composting organic materials, and recycling reusable items. Public awareness and private sector involvement are recommended to improve solid waste management systems.
Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth observation satellites built and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation to provide remote sensing services. With twelve satellites currently in operation, IRS has the largest civilian remote sensing constellation providing imagery with various spatial resolutions and spectral bands. The satellite data is used for applications like agriculture, urban development, disaster management, and more. Key satellites discussed include IRS-1A, IRS-1B, IRS-1C, RISAT-1, Resourcesat-2, and Cartosat-2B.
Petroleum and natural gas were formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. Over millions of years, plankton and algae accumulated on the ocean floor and were buried under layers of sediment. The organic material was converted into oil and gas through heat and pressure over geologic time. These hydrocarbons migrated upward until they were trapped underground in reservoirs within porous rock formations by impermeable caps such as shale. Natural gas is primarily methane and formed similarly through the thermal maturation of buried organic matter. It is found in conventional reservoirs as well as unconventional sources like shale.
Application of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptxsapna kinattinkara
This document discusses the application of remote sensing for mapping wastelands in India. Remote sensing uses sensors on platforms like satellites to collect data on land usage from above. This allows identification and mapping of different land classifications including agricultural land, forests, wastelands, and more. Wastelands are degraded lands that can be reclaimed. Remote sensing data from satellites with good spatial and spectral resolution are effective tools for detecting, assessing, mapping, and monitoring wastelands over time in order to inform management and reclamation strategies.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active remote sensing technology used in satellites to produce high-resolution images regardless of weather or light conditions. SAR works by emitting microwave pulses and analyzing the echo returns, similar to how bats use echolocation. There are three main types of radar scattering - specular, diffuse, and double-bounce - which appear differently in SAR images and provide information about surface characteristics. Key applications of SAR include search and rescue operations, topographic mapping, and monitoring of events like oil spills.
Side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) forms microwave images of terrain by transmitting radar beams from the side of an aircraft. SLAR uses the Doppler effect to measure target velocity and provides images with ground range resolution determined by pulse length and antenna beam width. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an advanced version of SLAR that records frequency differences from targets as the antenna moves, allowing it to synthesize longer apertures and achieve higher resolution images. SAR has applications for sensor operations, command and control, intelligence training, and research.
The document provides an introduction to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology and its applications. SAR uses radar mounted on a moving platform to synthesize a large antenna and achieve high-resolution images. It explains that SAR allows day/night imaging that can see through clouds, and covers the basic principles of SAR imaging, including the advantages of using synthetic apertures to improve resolution over traditional radar. The document aims to give beginners an understanding of SAR processing and the types of information that can be obtained from SAR data.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
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2. Energy Audit
• Energy Audit is the key to a systematic approach
for decision-making in the area of energy
management.
• It attempts to balance the total energy inputs
with its use, and serves to identify all the energy
streams in a facility.
• It quantifies energy usage according to its
discrete functions.
• Industrial energy audit is an effective tool in
defining and pursuing comprehensive energy
management programme
3. • As per the Energy Conservation Act, 2001,
Energy Audit is defined as "the verification,
monitoring and analysis of use of energy
including submission of technical report
containing recommendations for improving
energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis
and an action plan to reduce energy
consumption".
4. Need for Energy Audit
• Energy Audit will help to understand more about the
ways energy and fuel are used in any industry, and help
in identifying the areas where waste can occur and
where scope for improvement exists.
• The Energy Audit would give a positive orientation to
the energy cost reduction, preventive maintenance and
quality control programmes which are vital for
production and utility activities.
• Such an audit programme will help to keep focus on
variations which occur in the energy costs, availability
and reliability of supply of energy, decide on
appropriate energy mix, identify energy conservation
technologies, retrofit for energy conservation
equipment etc
5. • In general, Energy Audit is the translation of
conservation ideas into realities, by lending
technically feasible solutions with economic and
other organizational considerations within a
specified time frame.
• The primary objective of Energy Audit is to
determine ways to reduce energy consumption per
unit of product output or to lower operating costs.
• Energy Audit provides a " bench-mark" (Reference
point) for managing energy in the organization and
also provides the basis for planning a more effective
use of energy throughout the organization.
6. Type of Energy Audit
• The type of Energy Audit to be performed
depends on: -
• Function and type of industry
• Depth to which final audit is needed,
• Potential and magnitude of cost reduction
desired
• Thus Energy Audit can be classified into the
following two types.
• i) Preliminary Audit
• ii) Detailed Audit
7. Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology
• Preliminary energy audit is a relatively quick exercise
to:
• Establish energy consumption in the organization
• Estimate the scope for saving
• Identify the most likely (and the easiest areas for
attention
• Identify immediate (especially no-/low-cost)
improvements/ savings
• Set a 'reference point'
• Identify areas for more detailed study/measurement
• Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily
obtained data
8. Detailed Energy Audit Methodology
• A comprehensive audit provides a detailed
energy project implementation plan for a facility,
since it evaluates all major energy using systems.
• This type of audit offers the most accurate
estimate of energy savings and cost.
• It considers the interactive effects of all projects,
accounts for the energy use of all major
equipment, and includes detailed energy cost
saving calculations and project cost.
9. • In a comprehensive audit, one of the key
elements is the energy balance.
• This is based on an inventory of energy using
systems, assumptions of current operating
conditions and calculations of energy use.
• This estimated use is then compared to utility
bill charges.
• Detailed energy auditing is carried out in
three phases:
• Phase I, II and III.
10. • Phase I - Pre Audit Phase
• Phase II - Audit Phase
• Phase III - Post Audit Phase
11. Phase I -Pre Audit Phase Activities
• A structured methodology to carry out an
energy audit is necessary for efficient working.
• An initial study of the site should always be
carried out, as the planning of the procedures
necessary for an audit is most important.
12. Initial Site Visit and Preparation Required
for Detailed Auditing
• An initial site visit may take one day and gives the
Energy Auditor/Engineer an opportunity to meet
the personnel concerned, to familiarize him with
the site and to assess the procedures necessary to
carry out the energy audit.
• During the initial site visit the Energy
Auditor/Engineer should carry out the following
actions: -
• Discuss with the site's senior management the aims
of the energy audit.
13. • Discuss economic guidelines associated with the
recommendations of the audit.
• Analyse the major energy consumption data with
the relevant personnel.
• Obtain site drawings where available - building
layout, steam distribution, compressed air
distribution, electricity distribution etc.
• Tour the site accompanied by
engineering/production
14. The main aims of this visit are
• To finalise Energy Audit team
• To identify the main energy consuming areas/plant
items to be surveyed during the audit.
• To identify any existing instrumentation/ additional
metering required.
• To decide whether any meters will have to be installed
prior to the audit eg. kWh, steam, oil or gas meters.
• To identify the instrumentation required for carrying
out the audit.
• To plan with time frame
• To collect macro data on plant energy resources, major
energy consuming centers
• To create awareness through meetings/ programme
15. Phase II- Detailed Energy Audit
Activities
• Depending on the nature and complexity of the
site, a comprehensive audit can take from several
weeks to several months to complete.
• Detailed studies to establish, and investigate,
energy and material balances for specific plant
departments or items of process equipment are
carried out.
• Whenever possible, checks of plant operations
are carried out over extended periods of time, at
nights and at weekends as well as during normal
daytime working hours, to ensure that nothing is
overlooked
16. • The audit report will include a description of energy
inputs and product outputs by major department or by
major processing function, and will evaluate the
efficiency of each step of the manufacturing process.
• Means of improving these efficiencies will be listed,
and at least a preliminary assessment of the cost of the
improvements will be made to indicate the expected
payback on any capital investment needed.
• The audit report should conclude with specific
recommendations for detailed engineering studies and
feasibility analyses, which must then be performed to
justify the implementation of those conservation
measures that require investments.
17. The information to be collected during
the detailed audit includes
1. Energy consumption by type of energy, by department,
by major items of process equipment, by end-use
2. Material balance data (raw materials, intermediate and
final products, recycled materials, use of scrap or waste
products, production of by-products for re-use in other
industries, etc.)
3. Energy cost and tariff data
4. Process and material flow diagrams
5 Generation and distribution of site services
(eg.compressed air, steam).
18. 6. Sources of energy supply (e.g. electricity from
the grid or self-generation)
7. Potential for fuel substitution, process
modifications, and the use of co-generation
systems (combined heat and power
generation).
8. Energy Management procedures and energy
awareness training programs within the
establishment.
19. • Existing baseline information and reports are useful
to get consumption pattern, production cost and
productivity levels in terms of product per raw
material inputs.
• The audit team should collect the following baseline
data:
• - Technology, processes used and equipment details
- Capacity utilisation
• - Amount & type of input materials used
• - Water consumption
• - Fuel Consumption
• - Electrical energy consumption - Steam
consumption
20. • - Other inputs such as compressed air, cooling
water etc
• - Quantity & type of wastes generated
• - Percentage rejection / reprocessing
• - Efficiencies / yield
21. Identification of Energy Conservation
Opportunities
• Fuel substitution: Identifying the appropriate fuel
for efficient energy conversion
• Energy generation :Identifying Efficiency
opportunities in energy conversion
equipment/utility such as captive power
generation, steam generation in boilers, thermic
fluid heating, optimal loading of DG sets, minimum
excess air combustion with boilers/thermic fluid
heating, optimising existing efficiencies, efficienct
energy conversion equipment, biomass gasifiers,
Cogeneration, high efficiency DG sets, etc.
22. • Energy distribution: Identifying Efficiency
opportunities network such as transformers,
cables, switchgears and power factor
improvement in electrical systems and chilled
water, cooling water, hot water, compressed air,
Etc.
• Energy usage by processes: This is where the
major opportunity for improvement and many of
them are hidden. Process analysis is useful tool
for process integration measures.
23. Technical and Economic feasibility
The technical feasibility should address the
following issues
• Technology availability, space, skilled
manpower, reliability, service etc
• The impact of energy efficiency measure on
safety, quality, production or process.
• The maintenance requirements and spares
availability
24. • The Economic viability often becomes the key
parameter for the management acceptance.
• The economic analysis can be conducted by
using a variety of methods.
• Example: Pay back method, Internal Rate of
Return method, Net Present Value method etc.
• For low investment short duration measures,
which have attractive economic viability,
simplest of the methods, payback is usually
sufficient.
25. Energy Audit Report
• After successfully carried out energy audit energy
manager/energy auditor should report to the top
management for effective communication and
implementation.
• A typical energy audit reporting contents and
format are given below.
• The following format is applicable for most of the
industries.
• However the format can be suitably modified for
specific requirement applicable for a particular
type of industry.
27. Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Certification
• The Government of India (GoI) established Bureau
of Energy Efficiency (BEE) on 1st March 2002 under
the provisions of Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
• BEE was started to develop policies and build
strategies with a push towards self-regulation to
achieve energy efficiency.
• BEE will be monitored by the Ministry of Power to
enhance delivery mechanisms, provide leadership
and create conservation policies leading to
efficient energy preservation.
28. Objective of BEE
• Frame policy at the national level for energy
conservation
• Measure, monitor and verify the results of the
energy conservation
• Help SMEs and MSMEs to establish and
implement energy consumption
29. Regulatory activities by BEE
• Creating a standard for appliances and design
scheme for the products through star ratings in
various appliances like refrigerators, water
heaters, AC, fans, pump, etc.
• Regulating the star ratings
• BEE develops energy efficiency code for
industries and buildings
• Development of norms for the consumption of
energy
• Certification for Energy Managers and Energy
Auditors who can perform energy audits
30. Promotional activities by BEE
• BEE develops promotional programs for star rating,
energy efficiency and awareness
• Organizes training for members involved in handling
energy efficiency projects
• Development of testing and certification procedures
and promotion of testing facilities
• Promotion of innovative financing of energy
efficiency projects
• Preparation of educational curriculum on the
efficient use of energy and ways to conserve
• Provides financial assistance to institutions for the
promotion of efficient use of energy
31. Standards and Labeling Program
• BEE establishes the standards and star rating for
different appliances.
• The star ratings define the standard of energy
efficiency where it helps the people an informed
choice of energy performance and cost.
• For certification, the manufactured products will
be subjected to the tests as designed by BEE.
• As the certification helps to gain trust from a
consumer, BEE constantly refines the standards
and certification procedures to improve energy
efficiency.
32. BEE Rating Certification
• The Bureau of Energy Efficiency rating
certificate is issued by the BEE indicating the
level of compliance done by an organisation
about the standards and guidelines issued by
the bureau.
• The certificate is framed to regulate, audit the
time intervals, monitor and improve energy
efficiency.
33. Types of Certification
• Accredited Energy Auditors
• Energy Auditors/Managers
• Refresher Course
34. Types of Certificate Labels
• There are two types of labels on products
manufactured in India.
• Endorsement label
• Under this label, the products are labelled as per
their minimum performance criteria to become a
BEE certified company.
• Comparative label
• Under this label, the products are labelled as
per the star rating (scale of 1 to 5) which includes
BEE logo and license number on the product. This
rating helps consumers choose the right product.
35. • Bachat Lamp Yojana
• Standard and Labeling
• ECBC
• CDM
• Operationalization of SDAs
• ADSMs
• MDSMs
• SMEs
• CECF scheme
• Institutional strengthening of Bureau
36. BLY scheme : to promote energy efficient and high quality
CFLs as replacement for Incandescent bulb in household
Standard & labelling scheme :target high energy end
equipment and appliance to lay down minimum energy
performance standards
ECBC: that sets minimum energy performance standards for
new commercial buildings
Agricultural and Municipal DSM: targeting replacement
inefficient pump sets and street lights
Oct2013
37. BLY scheme : to promote energy efficient and high quality
CFLs as replacement for Incandescent bulb in household
Standard & labelling scheme :target high energy end
equipment and appliance to lay down minimum energy
performance standards
ECBC: that sets minimum energy performance standards for
new commercial buildings
Agricultural and Municipal DSM: targeting replacement
inefficient pump sets and street lights
38. Institutional strengthen of BEE
the proposed scheme seeks to provide resource allocation during the
XI plan : a. setting up Energy conservation information center (ECIC)
for online data collection
Infra and resource augmentation of BEE /other Energy efficiency
institution
Support for R&D in energy management in IITs ,and policy research
from ASCI ,IIPA etc
Professional certification and accreditation
Bureau is conducting national energy manager and auditor
examination every year
Prepared guide books for professionals
Manuals and code
The energy performance code provides the field testing of utility
equipment in DC premises
BEE developed for 7 technology i.e.,lighting ,dryer cogeneration plant ,transformer
,fluid piping system ,insulation and air conditioner system (HVAC)
39. Awareness and outreach
The govt. has launched a National campaign on Energy conservation
on 14th dec 2004 for spreading awareness among society for EC
Postal stamp on EC were also released by Hon’ble PM ,multimedia for
awareness campaigns
Spreading awareness about energy situation ,and saving in daily life
Present a wider variety of energy conservation method to improve energy
consumption behavior
Information about power and oil situation of country
Involvement of SDAs in outreach program
National Energy Conservation awards - one of the innovative scheme
initiated by
country ,
the govt. of India .MoP over the last decade to promote EC in
award for instutionilization the energy efficiency movement in
country by identifying and giving recognition to the energy conservation effort
by different firm
40.
41. • SDA’s are statutory bodies set up under section 15 of the Energy
Conservation Act, 2001; at the state level to implement theAct , in 33 states
• They are the nodal agencies at state level and need to coordinate and
cooperate with BEE at the central level to ensure a smooth and speedy
implementation of the Act in the country
• SDA’s have an important role to play particularly in creating public
awareness and enforcement of the EC Act,2001 at the grass rootlevel.
• These agencies are different in state to state with renewable energy
development agency ,electrical inspectorate and distributioncompanies
• Responsible for capacity building ,enhancing the knowledge about EC
,preparing action plan and project implementation
42. Role and responsibility of SDAs
• Prepare Annual Action Plan
• Organize meetings and workshops
• Capacity building of various stakeholders
• Support during implementation of Energy Conservation
Activities in the states
• Identify and implement demonstration projects with high
impact value
43. Role and responsibility of SDAs
Oct2013
• Strengthening the SDAs which would enable them to implement
• various programs and activities initiated by BEE or
SDAs themselves
• Institutionalization of the enforcement machinery
at the Statelevel
• Implementation of various EE demonstration
projects in the states to showcase the
effectiveness of the most advanced energy efficient
technology and pursue state governments to
replicate the project in other parts of the state.
44. • LED village campaign in the villages and
pursue state governments to replicate the
project in other parts of the state.
• Continued engagement of SDAs with energy
efficiency professionals like energy auditors,
energy managers, DCs and ESCOs
• Publicity /awareness on EE in the states
• Workshops/ training programmes for all the
stakeholders