The document discusses endoscopic transglabellar and supraorbital approaches for skull base surgery. It provides information on using these approaches to remove large macroadenomas and craniopharyngiomas. Giant craniopharyngiomas may require a combination of endoscopic transnasal and frontal or supraorbital approaches. The endoscopic supraorbital approach involves making a small incision in the eyebrow and keyhole opening to access the anterior cranial fossa.
Radiographic techniques and projections for the examination of the skull and facial bones including paranasal sinuses to determine any diseases and defects in them
Radiographic techniques and projections for the examination of the skull and facial bones including paranasal sinuses to determine any diseases and defects in them
Adherent placenta occurs when there is a defect in the decidua basalis, Resulting in an abnormal invasion of the placenta directly into the substance of the uterus
Umbilical cord prolapse by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. ...alka mukherjee
The umbilical cord is a flexible, tube-like structure that, during pregnancy, connects the fetus to the mother. The umbilical cord is the baby's lifeline to the mother. It transports nutrients to the baby and also carries away the baby's waste products. It is made up of three blood vessels – two arteries and one vein.
Umbilical cord prolapse is a complication that occurs prior to or during delivery of the baby. In a prolapse, the umbilical cord drops (prolapses) through the open cervix into the vagina ahead of the baby. The cord can then become trapped against the baby's body during delivery. Umbilical cord prolapse occurs in approximately one in every 300 births.
An umbilical cord prolapse presents a great danger to the fetus. During the delivery, the fetus can put stress on the cord. This can result in a loss of oxygen to the fetus, and may even result in a stillbirth.
The most common cause of an umbilical cord prolapse is a premature rupture of the membranes that contain the amniotic fluid. Other causes include:
• Premature delivery of the baby
• Delivering more than one baby per pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.)
• Excessive amniotic fluid
• Breech delivery (the baby comes through the birth canal feet first)
• An umbilical cord that is longer than usual
Diagnosis of a prolapsed umbilical cord can be in several ways.
During delivery, the doctor will use a fetal heart monitor to measure the baby's heart rate. If the umbilical cord has prolapsed, the baby may have bradycardia (a heart rate of less than 120 beats per minute).
The doctor can also conduct a pelvic examination and may see the prolapsed cord, or palpate (feel) the cord with his or her fingers.
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Laparoscopic sterilization was the first popular minimal access surgical procedure ever performed. Laparoscopic sterilization is very straightforward procedure. Worldwide laparoscopic sterilization is now the most commonly applied method for family planning
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. Great teachers – All this is their work .
I am just the reader of their books .
Prof. Paolo castelnuovo
Prof. Aldo Stamm Prof. Mario Sanna
Prof. Magnan
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6. It seems there is no
need of pituitary
transposition with
this approach – refer
books & paper -
http://www.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/pubmed/113
14063
7. Large macroadenomas with supra- or parasellar
extension that is beyond the limits of the
endonasal approach should undergo a second-
stage endoscopic supraorbital or transglabellar
approach.- Shahinian
8. In contrast, craniopharyngiomas within the pre-chiasmatic
space can be removed via a supraorbital or endonasal route,
while tumors with lateral extensions or supra-chiasmatic
extensions can be most effectively removed by a supra-
orbital or lateral transcranial approach. – from
craniopharyngioma book
9. http://www.skullbaseinstitute.com/craniopharyngioma/ - Dr.
Shahanian
Occasionally, craniopharyngiomas extend laterally beyond the midline.
Craniopharyngiomas that extend laterally are approached through the
most recent technical innovation at the Skull Base Institute, this fully
endoscopic approach involves placing an incision within the hair of the
eyebrow, performing a 1-1.5cm keyhole supraorbital opening and
advancing the endoscope along the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
underneath the frontal lobe. This approach allows a panoramic
visualization of the ipsilateral anterior fossa and a partial visualization of
the contralateral anterior fossa.
Although most craniopharyngiomas are completely resected through one
of these minimally invasive approaches, occasionally giant lesions may
require a combination of the endoscopic transnasal approach with either
the endoscopic frontal approach or the endoscopic supraorbital approach.
This can either be done simultaneously or can be staged as two separate
procedures. This allows a complete and total resection of virtually most
craniopharyngiomas from small completely intrasellar lesions all the way to
giant craniopharyngiomas extending to the suprasellar area and also
spilling laterally into the base of the anterior or middle cranial fossae.
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