The document discusses endogenic and exogenic processes that shape the Earth's surface and interior. Endogenic processes, such as magmatism, volcanism, and metamorphism, are driven by internal thermal energy and result in geological phenomena like earthquakes and mountain formation. Exogenic processes, influenced by external factors like water and wind, encompass weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation, significantly altering landscapes and ecosystems.

1. M I S S M I C A H V . P A R A S O
ENDOGENIC AND
EXOGENIC PROCESSES

2. ENDOGENIC PROCESSES

3. ENDOGENIC PROCESSES
The process within the Earth.
It is associated with the energy originating in the
interior of the solid Earth. (Thermal Heat)
The ground we live on is moving all the time and the
forces within the Earth that cause the ground to
move are called ENDOGENIC FORCES.

4. WHERE DOES THE EARTH’S INTERNAL
HEAT COME FROM?
The driving force is the thermal energy of the mantle.
Most of the thermal energy originates from the decay
and disintegration of radioactive elements in Earth’s
core.
The endogenic processes of the Earth are responsible
for earthquakes, development of continents,
mountain buildings, volcanic activities, and other
movements related to Earth’s crust.

5. MAGMATISM
• Magma is the original material that make up
igneous rocks.
• Magmatism happens when a magma is generated
and develops into igneous (magmatic) rocks.
• The process can take place either under the
surface or on the surface of Earth.

6. VOLCANISM (PLUTONISM)
• Process that usually happens after the magma is
formed.
• Magma tries to escape from the source through or
existing cracks on the ground.
• As soon as magma reaches the surface of the Earth
it is now called lava. (as the lave solidify, the
extrusive igneous rock are formed)

7. METAMORPHISM
• Process of changing the materials that make up a
rock.
• Chemical components and geologic
characteristics of the rock changed due to heat
and pressure that are increasing or decreasing.
• Note: Rocks changing due to weathering and
sedimentation are not considered to have
undergone metamorphism.

9. GEOLOGICAL STRESS
• Compressional
• Tensional
• Shearing
• Confining

10. COMPRESSIONAL
Rock push or squeeze against one another. The stress
produced is directed toward the center.
Compressional stress usually what takes place in folding,
which results in mountain building.

11. TENSIONAL
Rocks are pulled apart. Rocks may separate in opposite
directions or move farther away from one another.
This type of stress is what separated all the continents in
the world.

12. SHEARING
Some of the portions of a plate at the edges may break
away in different directions, eventually making the plate
smaller in size. The friction caused by this stress can
cause earthquakes.

13. CONFINING
The crust becomes compact,
making it look smaller. This is
different from shearing as none
of the crust’s edges break
away. This stress can cause
sinkholes where the inside
portion of the ground has
already disintegrated without
being apparent.

14. EXOGENIC PROCESSES

15. EXOGENIC PROCESSES
Occur on or near the surface of the Earth. These
processes are usually influenced or driven by gravity,
water, wind, and organisms.
This could be destructive occurrences that leave
significant changes on the landscape and even in
the ecosystem of an area.
In extreme cases, exogenic processes can wipe out
majority of the organisms inhabiting that area
especially the process of mass wasting and erosion.

16. TYPES OF EXOGENIC PROCESSES
• Weathering
• Erosion
• Mass Wasting
• Sedimentation

17. WEATHERING
The disintegration of rocks, soil, and minerals together
with other materials through contact with Earth’s
subsystems. Thus process happens even without
movement and transportation.

18. TYPES OF WEATHERING
1. Physical Weathering
2. Biological Weathering
3. Chemical Weathering

19. PHYSICAL WEATHERING
The breakdown of rocks by mechanical forces
concentrated along rock fractures. This can occur
due to changes, whether sudden or not, in
temperature, pressure, etc.

20. BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING
The weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock
by plants, animals, and microbes. Living organisms
contribute to the weathering process in many ways.

21. CHEMICAL WEATHERING
The process by which rocks break down by chemical
reactions. New or secondary minerals develop and
sometimes replace the original properties of the
minerals in the original rock or soil.

22. TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING

23. TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING

25. TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING
ACID RAIN

26. EROSION
The process of erosion moves rock debris or soil from
one place to another. This process takes place when
there is rainfall, surface runoff, flowing rivers, flooding,
freezing, hurricanes, etc.

27. MASS WASTING
The movement of large masses of materials (rock
debris, soil, and mud) down a slope or a steep-sided
hill or mountain due to pull of gravity. This process is
very destructive in areas with increased water flow.

28. SEDIMENTATION
The accumulation of materials such as soil, rock
fragments, and soil particles settling on the ground.
This usually occurs in streams and sea erosion. Over
time, the sediment load becomes thick and forms a
new layer of ground.

29. SEDIMENTATION

30. “Destruction is not a
bad things, actually it
is a way to create
something”
-J. Celoso, 2019