Endocrine gland lecture
•
3 likes•75 views
This document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system including: 1. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that regulate target organs. 2. Major endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries and testes. 3. Hormones maintain homeostasis, support growth, coordinate development and reproduction, and facilitate responses to stimuli. 4. Hormones are classified by their chemical structure and can act through several mechanisms including altering gene expression or second messenger systems.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Endocrinology
Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to regulate physiological functions in target cells. There are several types of hormones based on their site of production and target cells, including endocrine hormones, autocrine hormones, and paracrine hormones. The major endocrine glands that produce hormones are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads. Hormones can also be classified based on their chemical structure as peptides, steroids, amino acid derivatives, or other types. Additionally, hormones are classified based on their mechanism of action as either intracellular receptors or surface receptors, with the latter utilizing second messenger systems to carry
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Classification of hormones -4 Types)
This document discusses the classification of hormones according to different criteria:
1. According to mechanism of action, hormones are divided into two groups - group I hormones bind to intracellular receptors and group II bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate second messengers.
2. According to chemical nature, hormones are classified as steroid hormones, amine hormones, peptide hormones, protein hormones, glycoprotein hormones, and eicosanoids.
3. According to nature of action, hormones are either local or general. Local hormones have specific local effects, while general hormones are transported throughout the body.
4. According to effect, hormones are kinetic (cause effects like pigment migration), metabolic (regulate metabolism), or morphogenetic (
Peptide Hormones and Catecholamines
Peptide hormones and catecholamines allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. They are stored in secretory vesicles and released via exocytosis within seconds or minutes in response to stimulation. This causes short-term effects that are terminated once the hormones are degraded. In contrast, steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol or thyroglobulin precursors within cells. They diffuse out of cells and circulate in the blood bound to carrier proteins. This allows their effects to last longer, from hours to days, but production and release takes longer than for peptide hormones and catecholamines. The different hormone types thus allow for both rapid short-term responses and longer-term regulatory effects.
B.sc. biochemistry sem 1 introduction to biochemistry unit 3.1 hormones
The document discusses the key functions and properties of hormones in the endocrine system. It describes how hormones regulate various bodily processes through negative feedback mechanisms. Hormones are transported through the bloodstream and interact with target tissues through membrane-bound or intracellular receptors to influence metabolic activities and tissue maturation. The endocrine system helps control important body functions such as growth, development, immune response, and reproductive functions.
Biochemical Aspects of Hormones
Slides prepared MBBS Biochemistry lectures. Includes description of hormone signaling, hormone actions, detailed description of insulin and diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, thyroid hormones, calcium and phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D and PTH.
Prepared in Nov 2015
Endocrinology
This document provides an introduction to endocrinology and the endocrine system. It defines different types of signaling molecules including neurotransmitters, neuroendocrine hormones, paracrines, and autocrines. It describes how the endocrine and nervous systems are integrated to control physiological processes. Key differences between the endocrine and nervous systems are amplification of signals, prolonged actions over minutes to days, and increasing enzyme reaction rates. The document further classifies hormones and describes their synthesis, secretion, transport, clearance from blood, mechanisms of action, intracellular signaling, metabolism, and feedback control.
hormones: mechanism amd action 2
Hormones act through specific receptors and pathways to regulate target tissues. Water-soluble hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and use second messengers like cAMP to trigger intracellular effects. Lipid-soluble hormones like steroids diffuse into cells, bind intracellular receptors, and form complexes that regulate gene expression. Hormone levels are maintained through feedback loops, with negative feedback inhibiting further hormone release and positive feedback amplifying it. Hormones are cleared by metabolic degradation, binding to tissues, and excretion by the liver and kidneys.
Biochemistry of hormones
Hormones are chemical substances produced in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and cause changes to structures and functions in distant target organs. There are two main types of hormone receptors - cell surface receptors for water-soluble hormones that generate intracellular messengers, and intracellular receptors for lipid-soluble hormones that alter gene expression. Hormones regulate important bodily functions like growth, metabolism, mood, immune response, reproduction, and preparing the body for events like puberty or stress. The effects of hormones are controlled by their rates of secretion, transport, receptor levels in target tissues, and degradation.
Recommended
Endocrinology
Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodstream to regulate physiological functions in target cells. There are several types of hormones based on their site of production and target cells, including endocrine hormones, autocrine hormones, and paracrine hormones. The major endocrine glands that produce hormones are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads. Hormones can also be classified based on their chemical structure as peptides, steroids, amino acid derivatives, or other types. Additionally, hormones are classified based on their mechanism of action as either intracellular receptors or surface receptors, with the latter utilizing second messenger systems to carry
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Classification of hormones -4 Types)
This document discusses the classification of hormones according to different criteria:
1. According to mechanism of action, hormones are divided into two groups - group I hormones bind to intracellular receptors and group II bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate second messengers.
2. According to chemical nature, hormones are classified as steroid hormones, amine hormones, peptide hormones, protein hormones, glycoprotein hormones, and eicosanoids.
3. According to nature of action, hormones are either local or general. Local hormones have specific local effects, while general hormones are transported throughout the body.
4. According to effect, hormones are kinetic (cause effects like pigment migration), metabolic (regulate metabolism), or morphogenetic (
Peptide Hormones and Catecholamines
Peptide hormones and catecholamines allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. They are stored in secretory vesicles and released via exocytosis within seconds or minutes in response to stimulation. This causes short-term effects that are terminated once the hormones are degraded. In contrast, steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol or thyroglobulin precursors within cells. They diffuse out of cells and circulate in the blood bound to carrier proteins. This allows their effects to last longer, from hours to days, but production and release takes longer than for peptide hormones and catecholamines. The different hormone types thus allow for both rapid short-term responses and longer-term regulatory effects.
B.sc. biochemistry sem 1 introduction to biochemistry unit 3.1 hormones
The document discusses the key functions and properties of hormones in the endocrine system. It describes how hormones regulate various bodily processes through negative feedback mechanisms. Hormones are transported through the bloodstream and interact with target tissues through membrane-bound or intracellular receptors to influence metabolic activities and tissue maturation. The endocrine system helps control important body functions such as growth, development, immune response, and reproductive functions.
Biochemical Aspects of Hormones
Slides prepared MBBS Biochemistry lectures. Includes description of hormone signaling, hormone actions, detailed description of insulin and diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, thyroid hormones, calcium and phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D and PTH.
Prepared in Nov 2015
Endocrinology
This document provides an introduction to endocrinology and the endocrine system. It defines different types of signaling molecules including neurotransmitters, neuroendocrine hormones, paracrines, and autocrines. It describes how the endocrine and nervous systems are integrated to control physiological processes. Key differences between the endocrine and nervous systems are amplification of signals, prolonged actions over minutes to days, and increasing enzyme reaction rates. The document further classifies hormones and describes their synthesis, secretion, transport, clearance from blood, mechanisms of action, intracellular signaling, metabolism, and feedback control.
hormones: mechanism amd action 2
Hormones act through specific receptors and pathways to regulate target tissues. Water-soluble hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and use second messengers like cAMP to trigger intracellular effects. Lipid-soluble hormones like steroids diffuse into cells, bind intracellular receptors, and form complexes that regulate gene expression. Hormone levels are maintained through feedback loops, with negative feedback inhibiting further hormone release and positive feedback amplifying it. Hormones are cleared by metabolic degradation, binding to tissues, and excretion by the liver and kidneys.
Biochemistry of hormones
Hormones are chemical substances produced in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and cause changes to structures and functions in distant target organs. There are two main types of hormone receptors - cell surface receptors for water-soluble hormones that generate intracellular messengers, and intracellular receptors for lipid-soluble hormones that alter gene expression. Hormones regulate important bodily functions like growth, metabolism, mood, immune response, reproduction, and preparing the body for events like puberty or stress. The effects of hormones are controlled by their rates of secretion, transport, receptor levels in target tissues, and degradation.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical substances produced in the body that control and regulate the activity of certain cells or organs. They are classified based on their chemical nature as proteins, steroids, or amino acid derivatives. Hormones also bind to either intracellular or cell surface receptors and work through various second messenger systems to stimulate physiological processes. Key functions of hormones include growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood control. Hormone levels are regulated through feedback mechanisms and various factors can influence their actions.
Hormones
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system and hormone signaling. It describes two main coordinating systems - the endocrine system which secretes hormones to regulate slower processes like growth and metabolism, and the nervous system which uses fast electrical signals. Hormones are classified by their range and effects. The endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate processes in the body and maintain homeostasis via feedback loops, such as insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose levels. Disorders like diabetes occur when these regulatory processes are disrupted.
Happy sexy hormones
A chat for Valentine's Day about our bodies, our hormones and staying healthy for the one's you love.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced in endocrine glands and secreted into the bloodstream to control metabolic and biological activities in target cells. They can be classified based on their chemical nature as amino acid derivatives, proteins/peptides, or steroids, and based on their mechanism of action as group I hormones that bind intracellular receptors or group II hormones that bind cell surface receptors and trigger secondary messengers. Key hormones include reproductive hormones like estrogen and testosterone; thyroid hormones; adrenal hormones like cortisol and aldosterone; calcium regulating hormones calcitriol, PTH, and calcitonin; and others. Abnormalities in hormone levels can lead to diseases and disorders.
Hormones
This document discusses different types of glands and hormones. It describes endocrine glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that control and regulate certain cells and organs. The major types of hormones are amino acid derivatives, peptides, and steroids, which are classified based on their chemical structure and include hormones like epinephrine, insulin, estrogen and testosterone. The document also explains the mechanisms of hormone action, where hormones bind to specific cell receptors and trigger intracellular processes or gene expression that produce a physiological response.
Introduction to hormones
This document provides an introduction to hormones, including their classification, synthesis, secretion, transport, and measurement. The key points are:
1. Hormones are chemical substances secreted into the blood that influence target cells elsewhere in the body. They are classified by their chemical structure as proteins/polypeptides, steroids, or derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
2. Hormones are synthesized and secreted via different mechanisms depending on their chemical properties. They are transported through the blood, often bound to plasma proteins, and cleared from the blood through various metabolic and excretory pathways.
3. Hormone levels in the blood are measured using techniques like radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Hormones
The document summarizes key concepts about mammalian hormones. It lists the three major chemical groups that most hormones belong to: amines, peptides, and steroids. It explains that hormones can either promote or inhibit actions in target organs or many organs. Hormonal secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus and can occur in response to the presence of specific substances, other hormones, or nervous stimulation from the autonomic nervous system.
Molecular and Cell Biology of the Endocrine System
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormone-receptor interactions. It describes the endocrine system's role in maintaining homeostasis through feedback loops and its effects on various physiological processes. Hormones can be classified into different categories based on their chemical structure and include peptides, proteins, steroids, and vitamin derivatives. Hormones act by binding to specific receptors located on cells and tissues, and receptor activation initiates intracellular signaling cascades that allow hormones to exert their effects. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland play central roles in regulating other endocrine glands.
Hormonal cascade system involving hypothalamus
1. The document discusses the hormonal cascade system involving the hypothalamus. It begins with the hypothalamus secreting releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland.
2. The anterior pituitary gland then secretes additional hormones that target various endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes. These glands ultimately secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
3. There is amplification and negative feedback involved, with hormones from downstream glands inhibiting the previous steps in the pathway once sufficient amounts are present. The document then discusses the various endocrine glands and hormones they secrete.
\Endocrinesystem 1
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormones. It discusses the discovery of hormones in 1902 by Bayliss and Starling. It defines hormones and describes the principal functions of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis, growth, development, and reproduction. It compares the endocrine and nervous systems and describes different types of cell signaling. It provides details on the major endocrine glands and hormones, hormone classification, mechanisms of hormone action, and feedback control of hormone secretion.
Hormones
This document discusses hormones and their mechanisms of action. It describes the different types of hormones, including proteins/polypeptides, steroids, and derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It explains how hormones are synthesized, stored, transported in blood, and cleared from the blood. The mechanisms of action of both lipid-soluble and hydrophilic hormones are covered, including their interactions with receptors and use of second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone concentrations in blood, such as radioimmunoassay and ELISA, are also summarized.
Younis majeed ppt final (1)
This document provides an overview of hormone classification. It discusses that hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream and carried to target organs. Hormones can be classified based on their solubility, chemical nature, or function. The main classifications are lipid soluble hormones like steroids; water soluble hormones like peptides and proteins; and classifications based on whether they are peptides, proteins, amino acid derivatives, steroids, or glycoproteins. Hormones function to coordinate biological activities including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and behavior.
Endocrine system basic
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how hormones act as chemical messengers to regulate physiological functions through feedback loops. The endocrine and nervous systems are compared, with the endocrine system using hormones transported via blood to target distant cells, while the nervous system uses electrical signals. The types and classifications of hormones are outlined, as well as their mechanisms of action through receptors, membrane permeability changes, gene expression effects, and second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone levels like bioassays, immunoassays, and dynamic tests are also summarized. Pathologies resulting from over or under production of hormones and issues related to receptors are briefly described.
Human physiology part 6
The document summarizes principles of hormonal control systems, including:
1) There are three main classes of hormones - amines, peptides/proteins, and steroids. Thyroid hormones are amine derivatives, while peptide hormones make up the majority. Steroids are produced in the adrenal cortex and gonads.
2) Hormones are transported through the blood and interact with target cells via membrane or intracellular receptors to exert their effects on processes like metabolism and growth.
3) The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form a key control system, with the hypothalamus secreting releasing hormones to stimulate the anterior pituitary's release of trophic hormones that target endocrine glands.
Molecular endocrine2
This document summarizes the biosynthesis of the main categories of hormones: peptides and proteins, steroids, amino acid derivatives, and fatty acid derivatives. It discusses the processes of gene transcription and translation that produce peptide hormones. It explains how steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol in the mitochondria, and their lipid solubility allows diffusion into target cells. Amino acid derivatives include thyroid hormones and catecholamines from tyrosine. Fatty acid derivatives include eicosanoids like prostaglandins. The document also summarizes the mechanisms of action for hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones, including cell surface receptors and nuclear receptors, and signal transduction pathways.
Synthesis of adrenal steroids
1. Adrenocortical hormones are classified into three groups: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones.
2. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone are secreted by the zona fasciculata and act on glucose metabolism. Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone secreted by the zona glomerulosa act on electrolytes like sodium and potassium.
3. The adrenal cortex secretes sex hormones including androgens such as androstenedione and testosterone, as well as small amounts of estrogen and progesterone. The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines including epinephrine, norepine
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by endocrine glands and have profound effects on metabolic processes and cellular communication. They can be classified based on their chemical composition, location of receptors, or solubility. The major classes of hormones include steroids such as sex and adrenal hormones, peptides/proteins such as insulin and growth hormone, and amines such as epinephrine. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogens, androgens, progesterone, corticosteroids, and aldosterone. Peptide hormones include insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which are secreted by the pancreas, as well as hormones from the pituitary, parathyroid,
Hormone action
A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. Many hormones are secreted by special glands, such as thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic functions of other cells. They include amino acid-based hormones and steroids like eicosanoids. Hormones bind to receptors on target cells and can trigger second messenger systems that use molecules like cyclic AMP to mediate their effects. The major endocrine glands secrete hormones like insulin, glucagon, estrogen and testosterone that target organs through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis.
Introduction to endocrinology
This document provides an introduction to endocrinology. It defines endocrinology as the study of hormones secreted by ductless glands. It then classifies the different types of chemical messenger systems, including neurotransmitters, endocrine hormones, neuroendocrine hormones, paracrines, autocrines, and cytokines. The document further classifies hormones based on their chemical nature as proteins and polypeptides, steroids, or derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It also discusses the synthesis, transport, regulation of secretion, and clearance of different hormone types.
L 54 Endocrine system 2022.pdf
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including:
1. Definitions of hormones and endocrine glands.
2. Classification of hormones by chemical nature (proteins, steroids, amino acids).
3. Description of the major endocrine glands and some of their hormones.
4. Explanation of the general mechanisms of hormone action, including receptor binding and cellular responses.
5. Discussion of hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, and clearance from the bloodstream.
Endocrine System
The document discusses the endocrine system and hormones. It defines hormones as regulatory substances released by cells to regulate other cells. Hormones can travel through different systems like endocrine, neuroendocrine, and paracrine systems. The key glands of the endocrine system include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads. Hormones maintain homeostasis, growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction. The document discusses the different types of hormones like proteins/peptides, steroids, and amines as well as their synthesis and mechanisms of action.
More Related Content
What's hot
Hormones
Hormones are chemical substances produced in the body that control and regulate the activity of certain cells or organs. They are classified based on their chemical nature as proteins, steroids, or amino acid derivatives. Hormones also bind to either intracellular or cell surface receptors and work through various second messenger systems to stimulate physiological processes. Key functions of hormones include growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood control. Hormone levels are regulated through feedback mechanisms and various factors can influence their actions.
Hormones
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system and hormone signaling. It describes two main coordinating systems - the endocrine system which secretes hormones to regulate slower processes like growth and metabolism, and the nervous system which uses fast electrical signals. Hormones are classified by their range and effects. The endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate processes in the body and maintain homeostasis via feedback loops, such as insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose levels. Disorders like diabetes occur when these regulatory processes are disrupted.
Happy sexy hormones
A chat for Valentine's Day about our bodies, our hormones and staying healthy for the one's you love.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced in endocrine glands and secreted into the bloodstream to control metabolic and biological activities in target cells. They can be classified based on their chemical nature as amino acid derivatives, proteins/peptides, or steroids, and based on their mechanism of action as group I hormones that bind intracellular receptors or group II hormones that bind cell surface receptors and trigger secondary messengers. Key hormones include reproductive hormones like estrogen and testosterone; thyroid hormones; adrenal hormones like cortisol and aldosterone; calcium regulating hormones calcitriol, PTH, and calcitonin; and others. Abnormalities in hormone levels can lead to diseases and disorders.
Hormones
This document discusses different types of glands and hormones. It describes endocrine glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that control and regulate certain cells and organs. The major types of hormones are amino acid derivatives, peptides, and steroids, which are classified based on their chemical structure and include hormones like epinephrine, insulin, estrogen and testosterone. The document also explains the mechanisms of hormone action, where hormones bind to specific cell receptors and trigger intracellular processes or gene expression that produce a physiological response.
Introduction to hormones
This document provides an introduction to hormones, including their classification, synthesis, secretion, transport, and measurement. The key points are:
1. Hormones are chemical substances secreted into the blood that influence target cells elsewhere in the body. They are classified by their chemical structure as proteins/polypeptides, steroids, or derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
2. Hormones are synthesized and secreted via different mechanisms depending on their chemical properties. They are transported through the blood, often bound to plasma proteins, and cleared from the blood through various metabolic and excretory pathways.
3. Hormone levels in the blood are measured using techniques like radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Hormones
The document summarizes key concepts about mammalian hormones. It lists the three major chemical groups that most hormones belong to: amines, peptides, and steroids. It explains that hormones can either promote or inhibit actions in target organs or many organs. Hormonal secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus and can occur in response to the presence of specific substances, other hormones, or nervous stimulation from the autonomic nervous system.
Molecular and Cell Biology of the Endocrine System
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormone-receptor interactions. It describes the endocrine system's role in maintaining homeostasis through feedback loops and its effects on various physiological processes. Hormones can be classified into different categories based on their chemical structure and include peptides, proteins, steroids, and vitamin derivatives. Hormones act by binding to specific receptors located on cells and tissues, and receptor activation initiates intracellular signaling cascades that allow hormones to exert their effects. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland play central roles in regulating other endocrine glands.
Hormonal cascade system involving hypothalamus
1. The document discusses the hormonal cascade system involving the hypothalamus. It begins with the hypothalamus secreting releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland.
2. The anterior pituitary gland then secretes additional hormones that target various endocrine glands like the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes. These glands ultimately secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
3. There is amplification and negative feedback involved, with hormones from downstream glands inhibiting the previous steps in the pathway once sufficient amounts are present. The document then discusses the various endocrine glands and hormones they secrete.
\Endocrinesystem 1
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormones. It discusses the discovery of hormones in 1902 by Bayliss and Starling. It defines hormones and describes the principal functions of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis, growth, development, and reproduction. It compares the endocrine and nervous systems and describes different types of cell signaling. It provides details on the major endocrine glands and hormones, hormone classification, mechanisms of hormone action, and feedback control of hormone secretion.
Hormones
This document discusses hormones and their mechanisms of action. It describes the different types of hormones, including proteins/polypeptides, steroids, and derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It explains how hormones are synthesized, stored, transported in blood, and cleared from the blood. The mechanisms of action of both lipid-soluble and hydrophilic hormones are covered, including their interactions with receptors and use of second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone concentrations in blood, such as radioimmunoassay and ELISA, are also summarized.
Younis majeed ppt final (1)
This document provides an overview of hormone classification. It discusses that hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream and carried to target organs. Hormones can be classified based on their solubility, chemical nature, or function. The main classifications are lipid soluble hormones like steroids; water soluble hormones like peptides and proteins; and classifications based on whether they are peptides, proteins, amino acid derivatives, steroids, or glycoproteins. Hormones function to coordinate biological activities including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and behavior.
Endocrine system basic
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It discusses how hormones act as chemical messengers to regulate physiological functions through feedback loops. The endocrine and nervous systems are compared, with the endocrine system using hormones transported via blood to target distant cells, while the nervous system uses electrical signals. The types and classifications of hormones are outlined, as well as their mechanisms of action through receptors, membrane permeability changes, gene expression effects, and second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone levels like bioassays, immunoassays, and dynamic tests are also summarized. Pathologies resulting from over or under production of hormones and issues related to receptors are briefly described.
Human physiology part 6
The document summarizes principles of hormonal control systems, including:
1) There are three main classes of hormones - amines, peptides/proteins, and steroids. Thyroid hormones are amine derivatives, while peptide hormones make up the majority. Steroids are produced in the adrenal cortex and gonads.
2) Hormones are transported through the blood and interact with target cells via membrane or intracellular receptors to exert their effects on processes like metabolism and growth.
3) The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form a key control system, with the hypothalamus secreting releasing hormones to stimulate the anterior pituitary's release of trophic hormones that target endocrine glands.
Molecular endocrine2
This document summarizes the biosynthesis of the main categories of hormones: peptides and proteins, steroids, amino acid derivatives, and fatty acid derivatives. It discusses the processes of gene transcription and translation that produce peptide hormones. It explains how steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol in the mitochondria, and their lipid solubility allows diffusion into target cells. Amino acid derivatives include thyroid hormones and catecholamines from tyrosine. Fatty acid derivatives include eicosanoids like prostaglandins. The document also summarizes the mechanisms of action for hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones, including cell surface receptors and nuclear receptors, and signal transduction pathways.
Synthesis of adrenal steroids
1. Adrenocortical hormones are classified into three groups: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones.
2. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone are secreted by the zona fasciculata and act on glucose metabolism. Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone secreted by the zona glomerulosa act on electrolytes like sodium and potassium.
3. The adrenal cortex secretes sex hormones including androgens such as androstenedione and testosterone, as well as small amounts of estrogen and progesterone. The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines including epinephrine, norepine
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by endocrine glands and have profound effects on metabolic processes and cellular communication. They can be classified based on their chemical composition, location of receptors, or solubility. The major classes of hormones include steroids such as sex and adrenal hormones, peptides/proteins such as insulin and growth hormone, and amines such as epinephrine. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogens, androgens, progesterone, corticosteroids, and aldosterone. Peptide hormones include insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which are secreted by the pancreas, as well as hormones from the pituitary, parathyroid,
Hormone action
A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. Many hormones are secreted by special glands, such as thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic functions of other cells. They include amino acid-based hormones and steroids like eicosanoids. Hormones bind to receptors on target cells and can trigger second messenger systems that use molecules like cyclic AMP to mediate their effects. The major endocrine glands secrete hormones like insulin, glucagon, estrogen and testosterone that target organs through feedback loops to maintain homeostasis.
Introduction to endocrinology
This document provides an introduction to endocrinology. It defines endocrinology as the study of hormones secreted by ductless glands. It then classifies the different types of chemical messenger systems, including neurotransmitters, endocrine hormones, neuroendocrine hormones, paracrines, autocrines, and cytokines. The document further classifies hormones based on their chemical nature as proteins and polypeptides, steroids, or derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It also discusses the synthesis, transport, regulation of secretion, and clearance of different hormone types.
What's hot (20)
Molecular and Cell Biology of the Endocrine System
Molecular and Cell Biology of the Endocrine System
Similar to Endocrine gland lecture
L 54 Endocrine system 2022.pdf
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including:
1. Definitions of hormones and endocrine glands.
2. Classification of hormones by chemical nature (proteins, steroids, amino acids).
3. Description of the major endocrine glands and some of their hormones.
4. Explanation of the general mechanisms of hormone action, including receptor binding and cellular responses.
5. Discussion of hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, and clearance from the bloodstream.
Endocrine System
The document discusses the endocrine system and hormones. It defines hormones as regulatory substances released by cells to regulate other cells. Hormones can travel through different systems like endocrine, neuroendocrine, and paracrine systems. The key glands of the endocrine system include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads. Hormones maintain homeostasis, growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction. The document discusses the different types of hormones like proteins/peptides, steroids, and amines as well as their synthesis and mechanisms of action.
hormones ppt 2.pdf
This document provides information about hormones and the major endocrine glands. It defines hormones as chemical messengers secreted by one tissue and carried in the bloodstream to target tissues. The major hormone secreting glands are the pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Hormones can be classified based on their chemical structure as peptide/protein, amine, or steroid hormones. They can also be classified based on their mechanism of action as either binding intracellular receptors or cell surface receptors. The document then describes each major endocrine gland and the hormones they secrete.
Ap+Bio+Hormones!!
The document summarizes the key aspects of the endocrine system in 3 paragraphs or less.
The endocrine system communicates regulatory messages within the body using hormones, which are chemical signals secreted into the bloodstream. It works alongside the nervous system, with some chemicals serving as both hormones and neurotransmitters. Hormones bind to receptors to elicit physiological responses through feedback loops.
Major glands of the endocrine system include the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain, which regulate other glands. The thyroid and parathyroid glands control calcium and metabolism. The pancreas regulates blood sugar through insulin and glucagon. The adrenal glands and gonads produce hormones for stress response and sexual development
A P+ Bio+ Hormones!!
The document summarizes the key aspects of the endocrine system in 3 paragraphs or less.
The endocrine system communicates regulatory messages within the body using hormones, which are chemical signals secreted into the bloodstream. It works alongside the nervous system, with some chemicals serving as both hormones and neurotransmitters. Hormones bind to receptors to elicit physiological responses through various signaling pathways and feedback loops.
The major glands of the endocrine system and their hormones are described. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form a key regulatory axis, with the hypothalamus controlling the pituitary which releases hormones that target other glands. Glands release hormones that control processes like metabolism, development, and responses to stress.
Endocrinology (Chemical Coordination)
Chemical messengers known as hormones coordinate body functions through various modes of communication between cells. Endocrine hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and target distant cells. Neuroendocrine hormones also target distant cells through the blood. Paracrine hormones act on neighboring cells, while autocrine hormones act on the same cells that secrete them. Hormones can be proteins, peptides, steroids, derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine, or cytokines. They bind to receptors that trigger intracellular signaling cascades to produce physiological responses in target cells.
Endocrinology
This document discusses chemical messengers in the body, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and cytokines. It describes the different types of hormones and their mechanisms of action. Hormones can act as endocrine hormones by circulating through the bloodstream, paracrines by acting on nearby cells, or autocrines by acting on the same cell that produced them. The document outlines how hormones are synthesized, transported, and how they interact with receptors to produce cellular effects through second messenger systems.
Endocrine control system
The document discusses the endocrine system and its role in regulating and maintaining body functions. It describes the major areas of control, including responses to stress and reproduction. It provides details on the anatomy of the endocrine system, including the locations and functions of the major endocrine glands like the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, and others. The document also covers the physiology of the endocrine system, including the classes of hormones, hormone properties, and the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that help regulate hormone levels.
Endocrine new.ppt
The document discusses the endocrine system, which regulates homeostasis through the secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream. It describes the major endocrine glands and hormones, including the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which regulate other glands. The hormones act on target cells through various mechanisms, such as binding to intracellular receptors to activate genes or binding to cell surface receptors and triggering secondary messengers like cAMP. The endocrine system works in tandem with the nervous system to coordinate bodily functions.
Cholesterol metabolidm
1. Graves disease and Hashimoto's disease are autoimmune diseases that affect the thyroid gland. Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism by overactivating the thyroid, while Hashimoto's causes hypothyroidism by underactivating it. Signs and symptoms differ accordingly.
2. Hormones act through push-me pull-you systems to maintain homeostasis. Examples include calcium regulation by parathyroid hormone and catecholamine release in response to the sympathetic nervous system.
3. The document defines and provides examples of different modes of hormone action: autocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine, and endocrine. It also describes the major hormone precursors and the types of hormones they
Endocrinology
The endocrine system involves communication between glands and target cells through chemical messengers called hormones. The pituitary gland located at the base of the brain regulates other endocrine glands through feedback loops. It has an anterior and posterior lobe. The thyroid gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which affect metabolism. Thyroxine is converted to the active T3 in target cells. The thyroid synthesizes these hormones by binding iodine to tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin within its follicles.
Introduction to.pptx
This document provides an introduction to endocrinology. It discusses how the endocrine system regulates physiological functions through the secretion of hormones. It describes the different types of chemical messengers (hormones, neurotransmitters, etc.) and how they facilitate cell-to-cell communication. The major endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete are identified. Methods for studying endocrinology, endocrine glands, hormones, and endocrine disorders are outlined.
HAP 7 sem 2 PCI syllabus bpharmacy First year
The document discusses the endocrine system, including the classification and functions of various endocrine glands. It describes the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas and their associated hormones. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands via releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine and triiodothyrone which regulate metabolism. The parathyroid gland and pancreas regulate calcium and blood sugar levels respectively. The adrenal gland regulates stress responses and metabolism through corticosteroids, androgens and adrenaline/noradrenaline.
Lecture1
The document discusses several key topics in endocrine physiology:
1. It describes early endocrine experiments in the 1800s by Berthold and Bernard that helped establish the concepts of hormone targets and homeostasis.
2. It summarizes the major classes of hormones - peptides/proteins, amines, steroids, and eicosanoids - and how they are synthesized and regulated.
3. Feedback control mechanisms, especially negative feedback loops, are a major way the endocrine system regulates hormone production and maintains homeostasis.
Classification of Hormones.pptx
There are several classes of hormones that are distinguished by their mode of action and chemical structure. Hormones are classified as endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine based on how they travel from their release point to target tissues. The main classes of hormones include peptide hormones, catecholamines, eicosanoids, steroids, vitamin D, retinoids, thyroid hormones, and nitric oxide. Hormones have a variety of functions in the body related to metabolism, growth, sexual development, and other vital processes.
Unit 5; Endocrine system, Educational Platform.pptx
The document discusses the endocrine system, including:
- Definitions of terms like endocrine system, endocrine gland, hormone
- Means of communication between cells including endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, and neurocrine messengers
- Classification of hormones into steroid hormones, protein hormones, and tyrosine derivatives
- Location and functions of major endocrine glands like the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreas
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.pptx
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system. It describes that the endocrine system uses hormones to regulate body functions more slowly than the nervous system. The key endocrine glands discussed are the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes. For each gland, the document outlines the hormones produced, their actions in the body, and how their secretion is controlled by feedback mechanisms in the endocrine and nervous systems.
Diseases of pituitary gland
This document discusses the endocrine system and pituitary gland. It describes:
- The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through hormone communication between cells over long distances via the bloodstream.
- The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, has an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes trophic hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases neurohormones from the hypothalamus.
- Diseases can result from hormone deficiencies, excesses, or resistance. Pituitary tumors can cause excess secretion of hormones like growth hormone (gigantism/acromegaly) or ACTH (Cushing's disease/syndrome).
1R087jSNZpeOdPQl500.pptx
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target organs and tissues. Key points:
- Hormones are chemical messengers that bind to receptors and elicit responses in target cells.
- The pituitary gland located in the brain secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands like the thyroid.
- The thyroid gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which increase metabolism throughout the body and are regulated by the pituitary hormone TSH.
Similar to Endocrine gland lecture (20)
Unit 5; Endocrine system, Educational Platform.pptx
Unit 5; Endocrine system, Educational Platform.pptx
More from Dr Shamshad Begum loni
new taboacco smoking for red cresecent for slide share .ppsx
for education and awareness of tobacco smoking
Examination of all Cranial Nerves Examination jan 2023 updated pdf .pdf
This document provides guidance on examining the 12 cranial nerves. It outlines the key steps, equipment needed, and procedures for testing each nerve. For cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve is tested using smell identification. Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve, is assessed using visual acuity tests, pupil examination, and visual field testing. Cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, XI and XII involve examining sensory function, motor function, and reflexes related to the nerves' areas of innervation. Rinne's test, Weber's test and other procedures evaluate cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulocochlear nerve. Common clinical abnormalities are identified for each nerve examination.
L 32 Pathophysiology of End-Stage Renal Disease 2023.pptx
This document provides an overview of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. It describes how chronic kidney disease develops through a vicious cycle where initial kidney injury leads to adaptive changes in the remaining nephrons that then cause further injury. As kidney function declines below 10-15% of normal, the condition progresses to end-stage renal disease where dialysis or transplantation is needed to survive. The document outlines the pathophysiological changes that occur as kidney function deteriorates, including impaired concentration and dilution of urine, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and accumulation of waste products that can damage organs if kidney function is not replaced.
Check list for students vital signs created on 27 august 2022.pdf
Check list for students’ Reference: Vital Signs Examination outlines the steps to properly examine and record a patient's vital signs, including: 1) Greet the patient, confirm identity, and explain the procedure. 2) Record temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation levels following standardized procedures such as using a thermometer, stethoscope, and pulse oximeter. 3) Maintain a professional and ethical attitude by thanking the patient, acting considerately, and washing hands.
CSK vital sign 2022.pdf
This document provides instructions for measuring vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. It outlines the necessary equipment, environment, patient positioning and the step-by-step procedures for each vital sign. Proper technique and a professional demeanor are emphasized. Vital signs should be measured accurately according to standardized procedures and recorded along with normal ranges.
breast examination for students slide share.pdf
This document outlines the steps for conducting a breast examination, including inspection and palpation of the breasts and lymph nodes. The examiner is instructed to greet the patient, explain the procedure, and ensure privacy. Both breasts should be inspected for symmetry, nipple abnormalities, skin changes, scars, masses, and asymmetry. Palpation techniques include up/down, circular, and wedge motions to feel for tenderness, discharge, swelling, or lumps. Characteristics of any masses like size, shape, consistency, mobility, and tenderness should be noted. The nipple-areolar area should be compressed to check for discharge. Finally, the axillary tails and lymph nodes are palpated and assessed before summar
ultimate to upload updated on 14september 2022 Thyroid examination.pptx
This document outlines the process for examining a patient's thyroid gland. It begins by listing the objectives of the examination and describing the common symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It then details the equipment needed, examination techniques including inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation of the thyroid gland, and how to comment on any abnormalities found. The document provides guidance on general principles, examination of other body systems relevant to thyroid function, and risk factors for thyroid conditions.
check list for thyroid gland examination.docx
1. The document outlines the steps for examining a patient's thyroid gland, including greeting the patient, explaining the procedure, inspecting the neck and thyroid region, and palpating the thyroid using different techniques.
2. Key areas to examine are described, such as the face, neck, chest, eyes, arms, legs and genitals. Signs and symptoms to look for in each area are provided.
3. The thyroid examination checklist details inspecting and palpating the thyroid gland itself, commenting on characteristics like size, position, and consistency, and checking for pulsations, inflammation or retrosternal extension.
latest prostrate examination 2022 with check list.pptx
The document provides guidance on performing a digital rectal examination (DRE). It outlines the objectives, equipment needed, definitions, indications, contraindications, and steps to perform the examination. The key steps include obtaining consent, positioning the patient, inspecting the anal area, palpating the rectum and prostate, and documenting any abnormalities. DRE is an important clinical skill used to assess conditions like prostate cancer, hemorrhoids, and inflammatory bowel disease.
history taking Clinical assessment of endocrine system 2022.pdf
This document provides guidance for conducting a clinical assessment of the thyroid gland. It outlines the steps to take a comprehensive history, including initial etiquettes, personal details, chief complaint, pain assessment, past history, drug history, family history, and social history. Systems to review related to endocrine diseases are also listed. The physical exam section describes examination of general observations, eyes, hands, chest/abdomen, and lower limbs. Key endocrine symptoms and signs are highlighted.
Endocrine functions of the Testsis 2022.pdf
This lecture discusses endocrine functions of the testes. It identifies hormones secreted by the testes including testosterone and DHT. It describes the mechanism of action of testicular androgens and their physiological effects relating to age and roles in male puberty. Finally, it correlates this knowledge to the pathogenesis of male hypogonadism.
Lecture 7: Fluid loss and management
The document discusses loss of body fluids and its consequences. It describes various causes of fluid loss including renal and non-renal causes. Major causes include hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, and burns. Consequences of fluid loss range from mild to severe based on the percentage of body weight lost, with severe fluid loss being potentially fatal. Management involves monitoring vitals, fluid replacement, medications like vasoactives or steroids, and treating any underlying causes.
Blood group and typing 2021
This document summarizes a lecture on blood groups. It defines the major blood group systems, including ABO and Rh, based on the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells. Landsteiner's laws relating to the presence of antigens and antibodies are stated. Uses of blood grouping in transfusion, disease prevention, and legal cases are outlined. Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh incompatibility is described.
Visual transduction ppt 2021
The document provides an overview of the mechanism of visual transduction in the retina. It describes how light is converted to electrical signals through photochemical reactions in rods and cones. It explains the roles of different retinal layers and cells, such as photoreceptors, bipolar cells and ganglion cells, in transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain. It also discusses concepts like dark adaptation, light adaptation and the Purkinje effect which allow vision under varying light conditions through changes in retinal sensitivity. Finally, it summarizes the duplicity theory of vision which explains how both rods and cones work together to provide high sensitivity and visual acuity.
Updated 2021 lecture 45
The document discusses endocrine functions of the testes. It identifies hormones secreted by the testes including testosterone and describes their roles. Testosterone regulates male sexual development and characteristics during fetal life, puberty and adulthood. It acts through intracellular receptors to influence gene transcription. Hypogonadism can occur when the testes are nonfunctional, leading to underdeveloped or absent male characteristics. The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis regulates testosterone production through feedback loops involving inhibin, activins and other factors.
Updated lecture 58
The document discusses hormonal changes during pregnancy and lactation. It identifies the placenta as an endocrine organ that produces hormones like hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin. It describes the roles and actions of these hormones in maintaining pregnancy and preparing the breasts for lactation. The document also discusses theories for the initiation of labor like the progesterone deprivation theory, oxytocin theory, and prostaglandin theory. It explains the three phases of lactation - mammogenesis, lactogenesis, and galactopoiesis - and the roles of prolactin, oxytocin, progesterone, and estrogen in breast development and milk production.
Lect 13
This document summarizes key concepts about synapses and synaptic transmission. It defines a synapse as the junction point between neurons. It classifies synapses based on their structure and function. It describes the anatomical components of a synapse including the presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. It explains the events that occur during synaptic transmission including the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic terminal and their effects on the postsynaptic membrane. It also discusses properties of synapses such as synaptic delay, summation, inhibition, and plasticity which are important for neural communication and functions like learning and memory.
Practical 8 reflexes
This document provides information on human reflexes including:
1. It classifies human reflexes into monosynaptic, polysynaptic, superficial and deep reflexes and provides examples such as the patellar reflex.
2. It describes the components of the stretch reflex arc including the receptor, afferent neuron, central connection, efferent neuron, and effector.
3. It discusses tendon jerks including types, assessing centers in the spinal cord, and their clinical significance in evaluating motor system integrity.
lecture 45 Endocrine functions of the testis 2021
This lecture discusses endocrine functions of the testes. It identifies hormones secreted by the testes including testosterone and its role in male puberty and physiology. The lecture describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis that regulates testosterone production and discusses causes of male hypogonadism when this axis is disrupted.
Ultimate physio practical git
The document summarizes the process of digestion. It defines key terms like enzymes, catalysts, and hydrolysis. It describes different enzyme assay methods and chemical tests to detect nutrients like sugars, starches, proteins, and fats. The roles of the tongue, larynx, gastroesophageal sphincter and bile in digestion are explained. The differences between segmentation and peristalsis in propelling food through the digestive tract are compared. Videos demonstrating selected chemical tests and digestive processes are also listed.
More from Dr Shamshad Begum loni (20)
new taboacco smoking for red cresecent for slide share .ppsx
new taboacco smoking for red cresecent for slide share .ppsx
Examination of all Cranial Nerves Examination jan 2023 updated pdf .pdf
Examination of all Cranial Nerves Examination jan 2023 updated pdf .pdf
L 32 Pathophysiology of End-Stage Renal Disease 2023.pptx
L 32 Pathophysiology of End-Stage Renal Disease 2023.pptx
Check list for students vital signs created on 27 august 2022.pdf
Check list for students vital signs created on 27 august 2022.pdf
ultimate to upload updated on 14september 2022 Thyroid examination.pptx
ultimate to upload updated on 14september 2022 Thyroid examination.pptx
latest prostrate examination 2022 with check list.pptx
latest prostrate examination 2022 with check list.pptx
history taking Clinical assessment of endocrine system 2022.pdf
history taking Clinical assessment of endocrine system 2022.pdf
Recently uploaded
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneThe History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Recently uploaded (20)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Endocrine gland lecture
- 1. Lecture - 54 Endocrine System Dr Shamshad Majamaah University KSA
- 2. Objectives 1. Define hormones and list the general functions of hormones in the body. 2. Classify hormones according to their chemical nature. 3. Outline the endocrine glands and exemplify some of their hormones. 4. Describe briefly the major mechanisms for hormone actions. GUYTON & HALL Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th ed. page: 881-882 & 886-891.
- 3. Definition Hormone is a chemical substance secreted by ductless gland into the blood. 2: Neuroendocrine hormones are secreted by neurons into the circulating blood & influence the function of target cells at another location in the body. Ex: Thyroid, Insulin, Parathyroid ,Vasopressin, Steroids ,Estrogen Testosterone Vasopressin, Oxytocin Growth hormone …etc. 1: Endocrine hormones are released by glands or specialized cells into the circulating blood & influence the function of target cells at another location in the body.
- 4. 1. Hypothalamus 2. Pineal gland 3. Pituitary gland 4. Thyroid gland 5. Parathyroid gland 6. Thymus 7. Adrenal glands 8. Pancreas 9. Kidneys 10. Stomach 11. Small intestine 12. Adipose tissue 13. Ovaries 14. Testis 15. Placenta 1 2 3 45 6 7 9 10 12 1113 1415 8 Endocrine glands
- 5. Maintain Internal Homeostasis Support Cell Growth Coordinate Development Coordinate Reproduction Facilitate Responses to External Stimuli Functions of Endocrine hormones Main function: To integrate with Neural system of the body and thus maintain the homeostasis of the body function
- 6. Hormone Source Action Thyroid hormone Thyroid gland Controls basal metabolism in most tissues Cortisol Adrenal cortex Energy metabolism, permissive action for other hormones Mineralocorticoids Adrenal cortex Regulate plasma volume via effects on serum electrolytes Vasopressin Posterior pituitary Regulate plasma osmolality via effects on water excretion Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid Regulates calcium and phosphorous levels Major hormonal contributors to homeostasis
- 7. 1: Proteins and polypeptides: Ant. pituitary hormone( GH,TSH etc.), post. Pituitary(ADH Oxytocin), Pancreas :Insulin & glucagon and parathyroid gland:PTH. 2: Steroids: Adrenal cortex :cortisol & aldosterone, Ovaries & placenta: estrogen and progesterone, Testes :testosterone. 3. Derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine: Thyroid gland: Thyroxine & triiodothyronine Adrenal medullae :Epinephrine & norepinephrine. Classification of hormones according to their chemical nature
- 8. 1:Paracrines: are secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect neighboring target cells of a different type. 2: Autocrines: are secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect the function of the same cells that produced them. 3.Intracrine: Based on distance of target cells
- 12. Mechanism of action of hormones
- 13. Mechanism of action of hormones
- 14. HORMONES THAT ACT MAINLY ON THE GENETIC MACHINERY OF THE CELL Steroid Hormones Increase Protein Synthesis in the target cells. These proteins then function as enzymes, transport proteins, or structural proteins, which in turn provide other functions of the cells. Full action of the steroid hormone is delayed for at least 45 minutes—up to several hours or even days.
- 15. Thyroid Hormones Increase Gene Transcription in the Cell Nucleus
- 16. The cell membrane phospholipid second messenger system by which some hormones exert their control of cell function. Ex: DAG (diacylglycerol), IP3(inositol triphosphate).
- 17. Water-soluble hormones: Ex: peptides & catecholamines are dissolved in the plasma Transported from their sites of synthesis to target tissues, where they diffuse out of the capillaries, into the interstitial fluid, and ultimately to target cells. TRANSPORT OF HORMONES IN THE BLOOD
- 18. Lipid-soluble hormones: Ex: Steroid and thyroid hormones circulate in the blood mainly bound to plasma proteins. Usually <10 % of steroid or thyroid hormones exists free form in the plasma . Protein bound hormones cannot easily diffuse across the capillaries therefore biologically inactive until they dissociate from plasma proteins. Hormones bound to proteins serve as reservoirs, replenishing the concentration of free hormones when they are bound to target receptors or lost from the circulation. Binding of hormones to plasma proteins greatly slows their clearance from the plasma
- 19. Hormones are “cleared” from the plasma in several ways, (1) Metabolic destruction by the tissues, (2) Binding with the tissues, (3) Excretion by the liver into the bile, and (4) Excretion by the kidneys into the urine.
- 20. FEEDBACK CONTROL OF HORMONE SECRETION Negative Feedback Prevents Over activity of Hormone Systems Surges of Hormones Can Occur With Positive Feedback Negative feedback Positive feedback