Exhaust emissions have both climate related impacts, and local air quality andhealth impacts. Wärtsilä is committed to reducing the environmental impact of its engines to a minimum. We continuously develop new technologies and upgrade existing ones in order to limit harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
The document summarizes information about the 2009 United Nations climate conference in Copenhagen. It discusses the goals of establishing a successor to the Kyoto Protocol and expectations for participation. It also provides background on greenhouse gases and their impact on global temperatures, as well as sources of emissions and levels of key greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
Effects of Global Warming on Human and Solutions in VietnamAnony Hoa
The document summarizes information about global warming presented by PhD. Nguyen Hai Hoa's group at Vietnam National University of Forestry. It discusses the causes of global warming including both natural causes like volcanic eruptions and human causes like burning fossil fuels. It also outlines some of the key effects of global warming on humans such as threats to health from extreme heat and infectious diseases, risks to food and water supplies, and increased economic costs. The document proposes both mitigation strategies like using renewable energy and reducing fossil fuel use, as well as adaptation approaches including managing forests/agriculture and improving health services.
This document provides an overview of global carbon emissions. It discusses that the electricity/heat generation and transportation sectors account for about two-thirds of global CO2 emissions. Coal combustion is a major contributor and emissions have been increasing in developing countries like China and India. The document also examines carbon emissions by region, sector and country for India. It outlines various ways that individuals and organizations can reduce their carbon footprint through more efficient energy use and purchasing carbon offsets.
Climate change is happening - UK, climate actionGrupo Areté
Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Título: UK, climate action
Objetivo 13: Acción por el clima / Goal 13: Climate action
By: Diana Crística Roxana
The document summarizes the scientific evidence and consensus on climate change. It states that climate change is unequivocally caused by human activity like burning fossil fuels which has increased greenhouse gas emissions by 70% since 1970. This is trapping more heat in the atmosphere and causing global temperatures to rise by over 1 degree Celsius since 1850. The effects of climate change are already appearing as extreme weather events and loss of arctic sea ice. The UN IPCC represents the leading scientific authority on climate change and its 4th assessment report found conclusive evidence that warming is human-caused and risks are severe if temperatures rise over 2 degrees Celsius. Governments are working to negotiate emissions cuts but individual actions are also important to address climate change
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, and methods for controlling it. It defines air pollution as the addition of undesirable materials into the atmosphere from natural or human sources that adversely affect air quality. The major sources of air pollution discussed include burning fossil fuels, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, agriculture, deforestation, nuclear weapons, and residential fuel burning. Methods proposed for controlling air pollution focus on preventing pollution at its source, using pollution control devices, improving transportation systems, and increasing vegetation.
'Drowning Earth' - Magazine-style report on Climate Change. - Data VisualizationDarshan Gorasiya
The document discusses climate change and global warming trends based on data from EU countries. It finds that the largest contributors of greenhouse gases in the EU are Germany, France, the UK, and Italy, together accounting for over 50% of emissions. While emissions from most large countries have leveled off or decreased slightly since 1990, Turkey's emissions continue to rise steadily. The energy sector produces the most greenhouse gases, followed by transportation, industry, and agriculture. Renewable energy consumption has increased substantially globally since 1997 but more investment is still needed to meet rising energy demands. Projections estimate natural gas and renewables will grow significantly as electricity sources through 2050.
The document summarizes information about the 2009 United Nations climate conference in Copenhagen. It discusses the goals of establishing a successor to the Kyoto Protocol and expectations for participation. It also provides background on greenhouse gases and their impact on global temperatures, as well as sources of emissions and levels of key greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
Effects of Global Warming on Human and Solutions in VietnamAnony Hoa
The document summarizes information about global warming presented by PhD. Nguyen Hai Hoa's group at Vietnam National University of Forestry. It discusses the causes of global warming including both natural causes like volcanic eruptions and human causes like burning fossil fuels. It also outlines some of the key effects of global warming on humans such as threats to health from extreme heat and infectious diseases, risks to food and water supplies, and increased economic costs. The document proposes both mitigation strategies like using renewable energy and reducing fossil fuel use, as well as adaptation approaches including managing forests/agriculture and improving health services.
This document provides an overview of global carbon emissions. It discusses that the electricity/heat generation and transportation sectors account for about two-thirds of global CO2 emissions. Coal combustion is a major contributor and emissions have been increasing in developing countries like China and India. The document also examines carbon emissions by region, sector and country for India. It outlines various ways that individuals and organizations can reduce their carbon footprint through more efficient energy use and purchasing carbon offsets.
Climate change is happening - UK, climate actionGrupo Areté
Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Título: UK, climate action
Objetivo 13: Acción por el clima / Goal 13: Climate action
By: Diana Crística Roxana
The document summarizes the scientific evidence and consensus on climate change. It states that climate change is unequivocally caused by human activity like burning fossil fuels which has increased greenhouse gas emissions by 70% since 1970. This is trapping more heat in the atmosphere and causing global temperatures to rise by over 1 degree Celsius since 1850. The effects of climate change are already appearing as extreme weather events and loss of arctic sea ice. The UN IPCC represents the leading scientific authority on climate change and its 4th assessment report found conclusive evidence that warming is human-caused and risks are severe if temperatures rise over 2 degrees Celsius. Governments are working to negotiate emissions cuts but individual actions are also important to address climate change
This document discusses air pollution, its sources, and methods for controlling it. It defines air pollution as the addition of undesirable materials into the atmosphere from natural or human sources that adversely affect air quality. The major sources of air pollution discussed include burning fossil fuels, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, agriculture, deforestation, nuclear weapons, and residential fuel burning. Methods proposed for controlling air pollution focus on preventing pollution at its source, using pollution control devices, improving transportation systems, and increasing vegetation.
'Drowning Earth' - Magazine-style report on Climate Change. - Data VisualizationDarshan Gorasiya
The document discusses climate change and global warming trends based on data from EU countries. It finds that the largest contributors of greenhouse gases in the EU are Germany, France, the UK, and Italy, together accounting for over 50% of emissions. While emissions from most large countries have leveled off or decreased slightly since 1990, Turkey's emissions continue to rise steadily. The energy sector produces the most greenhouse gases, followed by transportation, industry, and agriculture. Renewable energy consumption has increased substantially globally since 1997 but more investment is still needed to meet rising energy demands. Projections estimate natural gas and renewables will grow significantly as electricity sources through 2050.
A carbon footprint is a measure of greenhouse gas emissions associated with an activity, product, or group. Direct emissions come from sources like fossil fuel combustion, while indirect emissions occur throughout a product's lifecycle. Calculating carbon footprints allows organizations and individuals to identify emission reduction opportunities. For organizations, common sources include premises energy use, business travel, and commuting. Product footprints consider all stages from material sourcing to disposal. Wood has a negative carbon footprint since trees absorb carbon as they grow. Using wood in construction can significantly reduce building emissions.
The EU is a leader in addressing climate change through its policies, financing, and international cooperation. It was one of the key architects of the Paris Agreement and aims to cut emissions 55% by 2030 and become climate neutral by 2050. While the EU has made progress, current projections still fall short of its goals, so it is taking additional measures like increasing climate funding to spur green economic transformation post-COVID. International cooperation will remain essential to achieving global climate objectives.
According to the most recent estimates, 2014 emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main contributor to global climate change, are projected to be 2.5 percent higher than 2013 levels, which translates into the release of 37 billion additional tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. As negotiators wrap up their talks at the international climate conference in Lima, Peru, there is no indication that this trend will change soon. Scientists estimate that future emissions should not exceed 1,200 billion tons of CO2, in order to keep Earth's temperature increase to no more than 2 degrees Celsius and to avoid severe and irreversible environmental effects. Yet at the current rate of emissions, this remaining “quota” would be used up in less than a generation, writes Joel Stronberg, contributing author for the Worldwatch Institute’s (www.worldwatch.org) Vital Signs Online.
The document discusses the concept of carbon footprint, which is defined as the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, product, etc. It notes that while the total carbon footprint is difficult to calculate precisely, experts have suggested measuring the amount of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from a population or activity. Common sources of carbon emissions include transportation, land use changes, and production and consumption of food. The carbon footprint is often expressed in terms of the carbon dioxide equivalent emitted.
This document summarizes opportunities to reduce emissions of non-CO2 climate forcers like black carbon, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. These substances collectively cause at least 25% of global warming by 2030 and reducing their emissions by over 20% by 2030 using existing methods could provide benefits. Actions to reduce short-lived climate forcers like methane and black carbon can complement efforts to reduce CO2 by slowing temperature increases in the near-term while also improving health outcomes. The document reviews emissions levels, abatement opportunities and additional benefits for each climate forcer.
The document summarizes evidence that human-caused climate change poses risks and that urgent action is needed. It notes that temperatures have risen 1°C since 1850 and another increase of 1.2°C could have catastrophic environmental impacts. Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels are the main cause, trapping more heat in the atmosphere. The UN IPCC represents the scientific consensus that climate change poses risks and that emissions must be reduced. The EU is pursuing policies to cut emissions and transition to renewable energy. Individual actions to reduce energy use and emissions can also help address the problem.
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. The expected temperature increase over the next 100 years is 5-6°C, much greater than the 0.5°C increase seen over the past 100 years. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are releasing greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, trapping more heat and increasing the greenhouse effect. If emissions continue unchecked, the Amazon could turn to savanna, floods and droughts will become more severe, and many species will go extinct. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through actions like more renewable energy and afforestation.
The document discusses the causes and effects of climate change. It states that climate change is caused by both natural factors like volcanic eruptions and orbital changes, as well as human activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and agriculture. These activities increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The effects of climate change discussed include increased heat waves, wildfires, flooding, rising sea levels, and melting glaciers. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming.
This document discusses carbon footprints and climate change. It begins by asking what a carbon footprint is and providing basic definitions of climate and weather. It then discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels are releasing greenhouse gases and warming the planet. Specifically, it notes that burning fossil fuels releases carbon that was previously stored underground. It ends by noting that non-renewable energy sources like coal and oil make up 63% of our current energy supply and provides a link to a household carbon footprint calculator.
Global warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases. As the planet warms, ice melts and sea streams are affected, causing changes in rainfall patterns. Natural causes include volcanoes and forest fires, while human factors like fossil fuel combustion and industrial activities are major industrial reasons. Abu Dhabi is addressing global warming through initiatives like Masdar City, a planned zero-carbon city powered by renewable energy sources, and the Shams 1 solar power station, which provides electricity to 20,000 homes.
This document summarizes the key topics discussed in the book "Global Warming: A Very Short Introduction" by Maslin. It discusses the causes and impacts of global warming, including a 0.6°C rise in global temperatures and 20cm rise in sea levels over the 20th century due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. It also outlines the major players and debates around the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol negotiations, including differences in priorities between developing and developed countries. The flaws of the Kyoto Protocol are noted as well as costs of climate change and potential for local and international policy solutions.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
This PPT describes What is Global warming? Impacts of Global Warming, Indicators of Global Warming, Countries under threat, Industries causing Global warming, What is Corporate Social Responsibility-CSR? Impacts of CSR, Companies who took initiative towards minimizing Global warming.
Climate change, Corporate Social ResponsibilitySherif Ali
The document discusses various aspects of climate change including causes, consequences, economic impacts, and mitigation strategies. It covers topics such as the key greenhouse gases that cause global warming, effects on water resources, energy supply, agriculture, and economic sustainability. International agreements aimed at mitigating climate change are also summarized, such as the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and EU Emissions Trading Scheme. The document provides an overview of the issue of climate change from various perspectives in a comprehensive manner.
This document discusses climate change and ways to reduce pollution and stop climate change. It provides background on climate change and explains that human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the primary causes of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It then summarizes the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions from sectors like electricity production, transportation, and industry. The document concludes by proposing solutions like renewable energy, geothermal energy, maglev transportation, and better forest management to help address climate change.
The document discusses several environmental issues affecting different parts of Europe:
1) Air pollution in the UK is caused by power stations, industries, and vehicle emissions. It has been linked to early deaths and heart attacks.
2) Acid rain affects Germany due to air pollution. It damages vegetation and contaminates drinking water.
3) In 1986, a nuclear disaster at Chernobyl in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union) caused radioactive fallout across Europe. It contaminated land, caused health issues and birth defects, and had long-lasting economic impacts.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of climate change. It states that the main causes of climate change are the increase in greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels and biomass for energy production, deforestation, and the use of air conditioners. Industries contribute 4-6% of total greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change include melting glaciers, sea level rise that can submerge lowlands, effects on flora and fauna as well as agriculture, and impacts on human health.
This document discusses two approaches to coping with climate change: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to prevent further warming, while adaptation aims to adjust lifestyles to live with a changing climate. The document outlines efforts at the international, national, and local levels for both mitigation, such as the Kyoto Protocol, and adaptation, including constructing sea defenses. However, it notes that mitigation progress has been slow and adaptation may be costly and impossible in some developing areas.
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of acid rain in Germany, air pollution in the UK, and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Ukraine. Acid rain from factory emissions has destroyed nearly half of Germany's Black Forest and harmed its economy. The Great Smog of 1952 in London killed thousands due to thick air pollution from coal burning. Both countries implemented emissions regulations and switched to cleaner energy sources to reduce pollution. The 1986 Chernobyl disaster released massive radiation when a reactor exploded, contaminating the environment and causing health issues over a large area for many years.
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Air Pollution can be FixedCivic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
Air Pollution can be Fixed
presented by Mr Anders Wijkman (European Parliament and Tällberg Foundation)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
This document discusses global climate change and its various aspects. It provides an overview of the history and science of global warming, summarizing that increasing greenhouse gas emissions are causing the planet to warm due to human activities. Main greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are explained in terms of their sources and impacts. The effects of global warming are expected to include continued temperature rise, more extreme weather, sea level rise, and effects on ecosystems. International agreements to address climate change like the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol are also summarized.
A carbon footprint is a measure of greenhouse gas emissions associated with an activity, product, or group. Direct emissions come from sources like fossil fuel combustion, while indirect emissions occur throughout a product's lifecycle. Calculating carbon footprints allows organizations and individuals to identify emission reduction opportunities. For organizations, common sources include premises energy use, business travel, and commuting. Product footprints consider all stages from material sourcing to disposal. Wood has a negative carbon footprint since trees absorb carbon as they grow. Using wood in construction can significantly reduce building emissions.
The EU is a leader in addressing climate change through its policies, financing, and international cooperation. It was one of the key architects of the Paris Agreement and aims to cut emissions 55% by 2030 and become climate neutral by 2050. While the EU has made progress, current projections still fall short of its goals, so it is taking additional measures like increasing climate funding to spur green economic transformation post-COVID. International cooperation will remain essential to achieving global climate objectives.
According to the most recent estimates, 2014 emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main contributor to global climate change, are projected to be 2.5 percent higher than 2013 levels, which translates into the release of 37 billion additional tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. As negotiators wrap up their talks at the international climate conference in Lima, Peru, there is no indication that this trend will change soon. Scientists estimate that future emissions should not exceed 1,200 billion tons of CO2, in order to keep Earth's temperature increase to no more than 2 degrees Celsius and to avoid severe and irreversible environmental effects. Yet at the current rate of emissions, this remaining “quota” would be used up in less than a generation, writes Joel Stronberg, contributing author for the Worldwatch Institute’s (www.worldwatch.org) Vital Signs Online.
The document discusses the concept of carbon footprint, which is defined as the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, product, etc. It notes that while the total carbon footprint is difficult to calculate precisely, experts have suggested measuring the amount of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from a population or activity. Common sources of carbon emissions include transportation, land use changes, and production and consumption of food. The carbon footprint is often expressed in terms of the carbon dioxide equivalent emitted.
This document summarizes opportunities to reduce emissions of non-CO2 climate forcers like black carbon, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. These substances collectively cause at least 25% of global warming by 2030 and reducing their emissions by over 20% by 2030 using existing methods could provide benefits. Actions to reduce short-lived climate forcers like methane and black carbon can complement efforts to reduce CO2 by slowing temperature increases in the near-term while also improving health outcomes. The document reviews emissions levels, abatement opportunities and additional benefits for each climate forcer.
The document summarizes evidence that human-caused climate change poses risks and that urgent action is needed. It notes that temperatures have risen 1°C since 1850 and another increase of 1.2°C could have catastrophic environmental impacts. Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels are the main cause, trapping more heat in the atmosphere. The UN IPCC represents the scientific consensus that climate change poses risks and that emissions must be reduced. The EU is pursuing policies to cut emissions and transition to renewable energy. Individual actions to reduce energy use and emissions can also help address the problem.
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. The expected temperature increase over the next 100 years is 5-6°C, much greater than the 0.5°C increase seen over the past 100 years. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are releasing greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, trapping more heat and increasing the greenhouse effect. If emissions continue unchecked, the Amazon could turn to savanna, floods and droughts will become more severe, and many species will go extinct. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through actions like more renewable energy and afforestation.
The document discusses the causes and effects of climate change. It states that climate change is caused by both natural factors like volcanic eruptions and orbital changes, as well as human activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and agriculture. These activities increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The effects of climate change discussed include increased heat waves, wildfires, flooding, rising sea levels, and melting glaciers. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming.
This document discusses carbon footprints and climate change. It begins by asking what a carbon footprint is and providing basic definitions of climate and weather. It then discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels are releasing greenhouse gases and warming the planet. Specifically, it notes that burning fossil fuels releases carbon that was previously stored underground. It ends by noting that non-renewable energy sources like coal and oil make up 63% of our current energy supply and provides a link to a household carbon footprint calculator.
Global warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases. As the planet warms, ice melts and sea streams are affected, causing changes in rainfall patterns. Natural causes include volcanoes and forest fires, while human factors like fossil fuel combustion and industrial activities are major industrial reasons. Abu Dhabi is addressing global warming through initiatives like Masdar City, a planned zero-carbon city powered by renewable energy sources, and the Shams 1 solar power station, which provides electricity to 20,000 homes.
This document summarizes the key topics discussed in the book "Global Warming: A Very Short Introduction" by Maslin. It discusses the causes and impacts of global warming, including a 0.6°C rise in global temperatures and 20cm rise in sea levels over the 20th century due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. It also outlines the major players and debates around the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol negotiations, including differences in priorities between developing and developed countries. The flaws of the Kyoto Protocol are noted as well as costs of climate change and potential for local and international policy solutions.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online.
This PPT describes What is Global warming? Impacts of Global Warming, Indicators of Global Warming, Countries under threat, Industries causing Global warming, What is Corporate Social Responsibility-CSR? Impacts of CSR, Companies who took initiative towards minimizing Global warming.
Climate change, Corporate Social ResponsibilitySherif Ali
The document discusses various aspects of climate change including causes, consequences, economic impacts, and mitigation strategies. It covers topics such as the key greenhouse gases that cause global warming, effects on water resources, energy supply, agriculture, and economic sustainability. International agreements aimed at mitigating climate change are also summarized, such as the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and EU Emissions Trading Scheme. The document provides an overview of the issue of climate change from various perspectives in a comprehensive manner.
This document discusses climate change and ways to reduce pollution and stop climate change. It provides background on climate change and explains that human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the primary causes of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It then summarizes the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions from sectors like electricity production, transportation, and industry. The document concludes by proposing solutions like renewable energy, geothermal energy, maglev transportation, and better forest management to help address climate change.
The document discusses several environmental issues affecting different parts of Europe:
1) Air pollution in the UK is caused by power stations, industries, and vehicle emissions. It has been linked to early deaths and heart attacks.
2) Acid rain affects Germany due to air pollution. It damages vegetation and contaminates drinking water.
3) In 1986, a nuclear disaster at Chernobyl in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union) caused radioactive fallout across Europe. It contaminated land, caused health issues and birth defects, and had long-lasting economic impacts.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of climate change. It states that the main causes of climate change are the increase in greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels and biomass for energy production, deforestation, and the use of air conditioners. Industries contribute 4-6% of total greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change include melting glaciers, sea level rise that can submerge lowlands, effects on flora and fauna as well as agriculture, and impacts on human health.
This document discusses two approaches to coping with climate change: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to prevent further warming, while adaptation aims to adjust lifestyles to live with a changing climate. The document outlines efforts at the international, national, and local levels for both mitigation, such as the Kyoto Protocol, and adaptation, including constructing sea defenses. However, it notes that mitigation progress has been slow and adaptation may be costly and impossible in some developing areas.
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of acid rain in Germany, air pollution in the UK, and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Ukraine. Acid rain from factory emissions has destroyed nearly half of Germany's Black Forest and harmed its economy. The Great Smog of 1952 in London killed thousands due to thick air pollution from coal burning. Both countries implemented emissions regulations and switched to cleaner energy sources to reduce pollution. The 1986 Chernobyl disaster released massive radiation when a reactor exploded, contaminating the environment and causing health issues over a large area for many years.
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Air Pollution can be FixedCivic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
Air Pollution can be Fixed
presented by Mr Anders Wijkman (European Parliament and Tällberg Foundation)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
This document discusses global climate change and its various aspects. It provides an overview of the history and science of global warming, summarizing that increasing greenhouse gas emissions are causing the planet to warm due to human activities. Main greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are explained in terms of their sources and impacts. The effects of global warming are expected to include continued temperature rise, more extreme weather, sea level rise, and effects on ecosystems. International agreements to address climate change like the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol are also summarized.
This document discusses carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from various perspectives. It provides global CO2 emission data over time, breakdowns of emissions by region, country, fuel type, and sector. It also discusses ways that CO2 can potentially be utilized, including in chemicals, fuels, enhanced oil recovery, concrete, algae fuels, and more. The costs and potential scale of these CO2 utilization methods vary widely.
Cities contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. While some sources claim that cities are responsible for 75-80% of emissions, this is an overstatement, as accurate allocation of emissions is complex. Emissions should take into account where energy is produced versus consumed. Overall, urbanization and economic growth are increasing emissions, though per capita emissions vary greatly between wealthy and developing cities. Accurately measuring city emissions requires defining system boundaries and accounting for all sources. Addressing climate change at the city level is important as cities are centers of economic activity and policy can be enacted more quickly than at national levels.
TOO4TO Module 3 / Climate Change and Sustainability: Part 1TOO4TO
This presentation is part of the Sustainable Management: Tools for Tomorrow (TOO4TO) learning materials. It covers the following topic: Climate Change and Sustainability (Module 3). The material consists of 3 parts. This presentation covers Part 1.
You can find all TOO4TO Modules and their presentations here: https://too4to.eu/e-learning-course/
TOO4TO was a 35-month EU-funded Erasmus+ project, running until August 2023 in co-operation with European strategic partner institutions of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Poland), the Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania), Turku University of Applied Sciences (Finland) and Global Impact Grid (Germany).
TOO4TO aims to increase the skills, competencies and awareness of future managers and employees with available tools and methods that can provide sustainable management and, as a result, support sustainable development in the EU and beyond.
Read more about the project here: https://too4to.eu/
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Its whole content reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. PROJECT NUMBER 2020-1-PL01-KA203-082076
Presentation global warming 1 by.. mary ann pupa navarroMary Ann Pupa
The document discusses various aspects of global warming and climate change including:
1) It provides definitions of global warming and climate change, noting that global warming refers to rising global temperatures while climate change includes broader changes like rainfall patterns and storms.
2) Weather balloon data shows Antarctica is warming faster than other parts of the world, with temperatures rising 0.9-1.3 degrees Fahrenheit per decade over the last 30 years.
3) Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are trapping heat in the lower atmosphere and causing global average temperatures to rise.
The document analyzes commercial aviation emissions and their effects on global temperatures. It is hypothesized that the projected increase in air travel will significantly increase positive radiative forcing from aviation emissions by 2050. Various emissions from fuel combustion, including CO2, NOx, SOx, water vapor, and soot, contribute to atmospheric warming. The growth of the aviation industry is expected to increase its share of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and radiative forcing if left unregulated.
Navigating the World of Carbon Credits Strategies for Emissions Reduction and...ijtsrd
This abstract provides a concise overview of the key concepts and strategies related to carbon credits and their trading mechanisms. Carbon credits play a crucial role in addressing climate change by incentivizing emissions reduction efforts and fostering a transition to a low carbon economy. Carbon credits are used to offset emissions from various sources, such as power plants, factories, or transportation. They are often issued by governments or international organizations and can be bought and sold on carbon markets. One carbon credit is accepted as equivalent to 1000 kg of carbon dioxide. Carbon credit is the difference between the carbon emissions allowed and actually emitted carbon. The abstract summarizes the purpose and implementation steps of carbon credits, highlights various trading strategies, emphasizes their importance in global climate initiatives, and acknowledges the evolving nature of carbon markets. Manish Verma "Navigating the World of Carbon Credits: Strategies for Emissions Reduction and Market Participation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59887.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/astrophysics/59887/navigating-the-world-of-carbon-credits-strategies-for-emissions-reduction-and-market-participation/manish-verma
This document provides an overview of global warming, including its definition, causes, effects, and solutions. It begins with the history of recognizing global warming starting in the late 19th century. Key points include that global warming is primarily caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like fossil fuel use and deforestation. Effects range from rising sea levels and stronger extreme weather to health impacts and economic damages. The international community has established agreements through the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement to cooperatively reduce emissions and mitigate warming, with a goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5-2°C.
The document discusses the EU's leadership on climate action. It summarizes key findings from the IPCC that scientific evidence shows unequivocal warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. Staying below a 2°C rise requires substantial emissions reductions globally by 2020-2030. The Paris Agreement established a transparent framework with nationally determined contributions and support for developing countries. The EU has decoupled emissions from economic growth and its budget allocates €180 billion for climate action including support for developing countries' climate plans and policies.
Climate Change: A Business Guide to Action PlanningPECB
The document provides an overview of climate change and climate action planning. It discusses the greenhouse effect, impacts of climate change, sources of emissions, and governments' legal frameworks and carbon pricing initiatives. It then covers why businesses should plan for climate action, how to define and take action through measuring carbon footprints and selecting strategies. The major areas for climate action are identified as electricity and heating, buildings, water, transportation, refrigeration, materials and waste, and land use.
FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum Presentation (April 24, 2014)Laura Lee Dooley
1) Human influence on climate change is clear, with 95% certainty that human activity has been the dominant cause of warming since 1950.
2) The climate is unequivocally warming, with the last three decades the warmest in recorded history and increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.
3) Limiting future climate change will require substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through strategies like improving energy efficiency, transitioning to renewable energy, and deploying carbon capture and storage.
Routes to Clean Air 2015 - Prof. Jim LonghurstIES / IAQM
The document summarizes the history of air pollution and efforts to manage it. It discusses how air pollution has been a problem since ancient Rome, but early warnings from figures like John Evelyn in the 17th century and Robert Angus Smith in the 19th century were often ignored. Major air pollution events in the 20th century like the Great Smog of London also failed to spur sufficient action. While policies have sought to reduce air pollution, it remains a significant public health issue, with estimates of thousands of premature deaths annually in the UK and millions globally. The document argues we have historically chosen air pollution through political and economic priorities over public health, and must decide if we want to change this pattern.
Transportation is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 14% globally. Climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is a pressing issue that requires action. This paper examines two strategies for reducing transportation greenhouse gas emissions: 1) improving engine technologies and alternative fuels like electricity, biofuels, and hydrogen, and 2) implementing mobility management approaches like road pricing policies. The ultimate mix of emission reduction measures will depend on technology development and other economic, social, and political factors.
Transportation accounts for approximately 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change is a pressing issue that must be addressed to avoid major environmental consequences. This paper examines strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, including improving engine and fuel technologies as well as implementing mobility management approaches. Engine technologies like hybrids and fuels like ethanol can help lower emissions, but the best results depend on developing alternatives from renewable sources. Mobility management, including road pricing and promoting low-speed transportation, has demonstrated potential to significantly decrease carbon dioxide emissions. Overall, a variety of solutions will be needed to curb the rising emissions expected from continued population and economic growth.
The document outlines the objectives, outcomes, and content of a course on renewable energy sources and technologies. The objectives are to impart knowledge about renewable energy sources and issues related to harnessing renewable energy. The outcomes include the ability to create awareness and understand the current and future roles of renewable energy. The course content covers 5 units - renewable energy sources, wind energy, solar PV and thermal systems, biomass energy, and other sources like tidal, wave, and hydrogen energy. It provides details on the technologies, principles, and applications of various renewable energy resources.
This document defines and discusses air pollution. It begins by explaining that air provides oxygen which is essential for life. It then defines air pollution as the introduction of chemicals or other materials into the atmosphere that can harm living things or damage the environment. The document outlines the major components of air, both natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollution, common air pollutants and their effects, and strategies for monitoring and preventing air pollution.
This presentation discusses global warming and its effects on water resources. It defines global warming as an increase in average temperatures due to greenhouse gases from human activities. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. Increased global temperatures are causing sea levels to rise and extreme weather events to occur more frequently. This affects water resources through changes in precipitation patterns, evaporation, runoff, and snowpack, posing challenges for water storage, demand and quality. The presentation examines these climate change impacts on water resources in detail.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
(CO2, methane, smoke, particulate matter)
(Nox, Sox, hydrocarbons and other VOCs, particulate matter)
We can state that LNG cuts GHG emissions and local emissions.
Sources of PM include combustion engines (both diesel and petrol), solid-fuel (coal, lignite, heavy oil and biomass) combustion for energy production in households and industry, other industrial activities (building, mining, manufacture of cement, ceramic and bricks, and smelting).
https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics#what is so2
http://environmentalscience.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.001.0001/acrefore-9780199389414-e-72?result=6&rskey=YCBivx
https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/What_are_the_causes_of_Air_Pollution.pdf
https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/eea-32-nitrogen-oxides-nox-emissions-1
https://www.elementascience.org/articles/10.12952/journal.elementa.000138/
http://www.who.int/airpollution/ambient/pollutants/en/
https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics#what is so2
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa87be/meta
http://www.who.int/airpollution/ambient/pollutants/en/
https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/intro
E W Butt et al 2017 Environ. Res. Lett. 12 104017