The document discusses post weld heat treatment (PWHT), which involves reheating welded areas to improve mechanical properties and reduce residual stresses. PWHT is needed to relieve residual stresses from welding, improve toughness and ductility, and fully develop creep strength in thick components. It can be done using fixed furnaces, temporary furnaces built around components, internal firing through openings, or local heating of welds. Proper heating and cooling rates must be followed based on material thickness. Temperature must be carefully monitored and controlled using thermocouples to ensure an even heat profile and avoid thermal shock. PWHT improves weld quality and makes components safer to use in demanding applications like oil and gas.
Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) is used to improve the properties of welded joints and is often required by codes. The most common PWHT methods are post heating and stress relieving. PWHT aims to reduce residual stresses and improve ductility. It can be performed in fixed or temporary furnaces using direct heating methods. Proper temperature control and rates of heating/cooling must be followed based on material thickness. Thermocouples are used to monitor internal and external temperatures during treatment.
This document contains solutions to problems involving the instability strain and necking behavior of materials under tension.
1) For a material loaded in tension where stress is related to strain by σ=Kεn, the instability strain occurs when n equals strain. The document also finds expressions for instability strain as a function of n for two different stress-strain relationships.
2) Other problems determine instability strain and pressure for thin-walled tubes undergoing internal pressurization. Expressions are derived for instability strain in terms of the stress exponent n.
3) The final problems consider the effect of non-uniform thickness on necking behavior and determine conditions required to limit thickness variations during necking.
This document discusses the selection of filler wires. It begins with an objective to learn about filler wires, ASME Section IX Table QW-422 for material grades and chemical compositions, and SFA numbers. It then introduces the differences between filler wires and electrodes, and the nomenclature used for filler wires. Examples are provided for selecting the correct filler wire based on the base metal, welding process, and referring to ASME standards. The conclusion emphasizes that filler wire selection depends on the welding process, base metal, joint type, and referencing ASME codes.
Extruders: defects and troubleshooting.pptxAbhijithKS36
The slide contains details of most common defects and troubleshooting(reason, causes, remedy) of polymer extruders used in industries for various types of polymer product manufacturing.
This document provides information on heat shrink terminations for low voltage PILC cables ranging from 0.6/1kV. It lists the part numbers, cable ranges, and tail lengths for single core and 3 core indoor/outdoor heat shrink terminations for XLPE and PILC cables ranging from 1.9/3.6kV. It also lists part numbers for 3/4 core PILC cable terminations ranging from 4-300mm2 with tail lengths of 600mm or 1000mm. An note indicates that for 4 core terminations, the last digit of the part number should read -4.
The document discusses post weld heat treatment (PWHT), which involves reheating welded areas to improve mechanical properties and reduce residual stresses. PWHT is needed to relieve residual stresses from welding, improve toughness and ductility, and fully develop creep strength in thick components. It can be done using fixed furnaces, temporary furnaces built around components, internal firing through openings, or local heating of welds. Proper heating and cooling rates must be followed based on material thickness. Temperature must be carefully monitored and controlled using thermocouples to ensure an even heat profile and avoid thermal shock. PWHT improves weld quality and makes components safer to use in demanding applications like oil and gas.
Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) is used to improve the properties of welded joints and is often required by codes. The most common PWHT methods are post heating and stress relieving. PWHT aims to reduce residual stresses and improve ductility. It can be performed in fixed or temporary furnaces using direct heating methods. Proper temperature control and rates of heating/cooling must be followed based on material thickness. Thermocouples are used to monitor internal and external temperatures during treatment.
This document contains solutions to problems involving the instability strain and necking behavior of materials under tension.
1) For a material loaded in tension where stress is related to strain by σ=Kεn, the instability strain occurs when n equals strain. The document also finds expressions for instability strain as a function of n for two different stress-strain relationships.
2) Other problems determine instability strain and pressure for thin-walled tubes undergoing internal pressurization. Expressions are derived for instability strain in terms of the stress exponent n.
3) The final problems consider the effect of non-uniform thickness on necking behavior and determine conditions required to limit thickness variations during necking.
This document discusses the selection of filler wires. It begins with an objective to learn about filler wires, ASME Section IX Table QW-422 for material grades and chemical compositions, and SFA numbers. It then introduces the differences between filler wires and electrodes, and the nomenclature used for filler wires. Examples are provided for selecting the correct filler wire based on the base metal, welding process, and referring to ASME standards. The conclusion emphasizes that filler wire selection depends on the welding process, base metal, joint type, and referencing ASME codes.
Extruders: defects and troubleshooting.pptxAbhijithKS36
The slide contains details of most common defects and troubleshooting(reason, causes, remedy) of polymer extruders used in industries for various types of polymer product manufacturing.
This document provides information on heat shrink terminations for low voltage PILC cables ranging from 0.6/1kV. It lists the part numbers, cable ranges, and tail lengths for single core and 3 core indoor/outdoor heat shrink terminations for XLPE and PILC cables ranging from 1.9/3.6kV. It also lists part numbers for 3/4 core PILC cable terminations ranging from 4-300mm2 with tail lengths of 600mm or 1000mm. An note indicates that for 4 core terminations, the last digit of the part number should read -4.
Topic 7 joining process welding brazing soldering fastening 160214Huai123
This document discusses various joining processes including welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding, and mechanical fastening. It focuses on welding processes, describing fusion welding techniques like arc welding, resistance welding, oxyfuel welding, and others. For arc welding, it explains the basic configuration and different electrode and power source types. For resistance welding, it describes resistance spot welding and seam welding. The document also discusses solid state welding techniques that join materials without melting.
The document discusses various smelting processes used to extract metals from ores. Smelting involves melting the metal out of its ore using reducing substances. There are two main types of smelting: reduction smelting uses carbon to reduce the ore, while matte smelting does not use a reducing agent. Blast furnaces and reverberatory furnaces are commonly used smelting devices. Flash smelting is a high-temperature process that uses the energy in sulfur and iron to melt copper ore without external heating.
Brief explanation about welding of copper and its alloys.
A short table to categorize consumables used for welding copper alloys.
Content help : KOBE steels limited
Creep is the time-dependent deformation of a material under constant load at high temperatures. It occurs when a material is loaded below its yield strength and the load is maintained for an extended period of time, resulting in plastic deformation that increases over time. Creep can cause failure through rupture or excessive plastic deformation beyond a certain limit. The rate of creep deformation and time to rupture depend on factors like temperature, stress, and material microstructure. Creep becomes significant engineering issue at temperatures over 40% of the material's melting point.
Propertis and applications of thermoplasticsMuthukumar V
This document provides information on various thermoplastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, polyamides, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyimides, polyamide-imide, polyether ether ketone, and polytetrafluoroethylene. For each plastic, the document discusses its properties, production process if relevant, and common applications. The wide-ranging uses of these plastics include packaging, piping, electronics, automotive parts, textiles, and more.
This document provides information about heat treatment of pressure vessels and various heat treatment processes. It discusses the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of metals and alloys. Various heat treatment processes like normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, solution annealing, hardening, tempering and aging are described. Parameters for heat treatment of different steel grades are listed. The document also covers thermocouples, recorders, furnace layout and calibration procedures for heat treatment furnaces.
This document provides information on various earthing kits and components for electrical joints and terminations. It describes 3M armour continuity kits that provide electrical continuity across cable joints, along with accepted cable diameters and copper cord lengths. It also lists constant force springs, earth bonding kits, electrical shielding and grounding braids, and copper braid options for providing earth continuity and fault current paths. Technical support contact information is provided at the end.
1. Metals have the greatest number of dislocations present because dislocation motion is easiest in metals due to their non-directional bonding and close-packed crystal structures.
2. Strength and dislocation motion are related because dislocations allow plastic deformation via slip and strength increases as dislocation motion is impeded.
3. Heating alters strength and other properties by allowing recovery and recrystallization processes that reduce dislocation density and form new defect-free grains, decreasing strength but increasing ductility.
Continuous casting is a process that solidifies molten metal into a semi-finished billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling. It involves pouring molten metal from a ladle into a tundish, then through a nozzle into a mold where it solidifies into a continuous strand. As the strand exits the mold, it passes through primary and secondary cooling zones before being bent and cut into final pieces. Continuous casting is now the dominant production method for metals like steel due to benefits like improved yield, quality, and energy efficiency compared to batch casting.
This document provides an overview of blacksmithing and forging processes. It discusses that blacksmiths produce objects from metal using hand tools or power tools after heating the metal. The main forging processes covered are open die forging, impression die forging, and closed forging. Key forging operations like upsetting, drawing down, punching, and bending are also summarized. The document outlines common forging materials and various heating devices used like furnaces. Important hand tools for blacksmithing like hammers, tongs, chisels, and swages are also described.
This document discusses the requirements and process for welding procedure and performance qualifications according to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It explains that qualifications are required to prove the quality of welds and performance of welders. The process involves writing a welding procedure specification, making a test coupon according to the specification, conducting mechanical tests on the coupon, and documenting the results in a procedure qualification record. It provides details on various variables that need to be considered for different welding processes and their classification as essential, supplementary essential, or nonessential for qualifications.
The document provides definitions and illustrations of standard test positions and production welding positions. It aims to help users understand the difference between testing positions used for welder qualification and production welding positions encountered in the field. Test positions have discrete definitions and tolerances, while production welding positions are defined contiguously to encompass all possible positions. The document uses diagrams and examples to demonstrate how the positions are defined based on axis inclination and rotation ranges. Key points are that test positions do not necessarily correspond to welding positions, and positions between tests are undefined.
This document discusses various metal forming processes including rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, and shearing. It covers bulk deformation processes like rolling, forging, and extrusion which involve large plastic deformation and changing the cross-section without changing the volume. It also discusses sheet metal processes and categorizes the forming processes based on temperature into cold, warm and hot working. Key rolling processes like flat rolling, thread rolling and ring rolling are described along with forging and extrusion processes.
The document provides solutions to problems involving determining stresses and strains in metal forming applications. Some key points:
1) It calculates principal stresses and strains for given stress/strain states.
2) It determines stresses in rods, tubes, and thin-walled pressure vessels under various loading conditions using stress/strain relationships.
3) It applies both Tresca and von Mises yield criteria to find yielding points for different materials under combinations of stresses.
Heat treatment involves heating and cooling metals to alter their internal structure and properties. There are several heat treatment methods for carbon steels including annealing, normalizing, hardening, and tempering. Annealing involves heating steel to high temperatures and slowly cooling to relieve stresses and improve ductility. Normalizing also starts with heating above the critical point but involves air cooling to refine grain size. Hardening greatly increases hardness but causes brittleness, so tempering is used to relieve stresses and improve toughness through controlled reheating.
The document discusses tools for machining high manganese steel, specifically solid CBN insert BN-S20. BN-S20 is suitable for roughing and semi-finishing of hardened steel, heat-resistant steel, and high manganese steel. It has a 76% CBN content and 4-6 μm grain size, giving it a hardness of 2900-3100HV. When used for turning a high manganese steel crushing cone, BN-S20 achieved a tool life of 2 pieces with a cutting depth of 7.5mm, outperforming a carbide insert. It also demonstrated better performance than a carbide insert for milling a high manganese steel liner.
This document contains solutions to multiple problems involving slip-line field analysis. Problem 9-14 asks about a slip-line field for extrusion or drawing where r=0.0760 and α=15°. For extrusion, the stress σ2 at point 4,5 is found to be 1.842(2k). For drawing, σ2 would have the same magnitude but opposite sign. The product may depend on whether it is an extrusion or drawing, as extrusion would result in a thicker product while drawing a thinner product.
The document discusses materials at high temperatures and creep. It describes how microstructure and mechanical properties change at high temperatures, including grain growth, vacancy formation, and increased mobility of dislocations and atoms. It then focuses on creep, which is the time-dependent deformation of materials under constant load at high temperatures. The typical creep curve is presented, showing the stages of instantaneous deformation, primary creep, secondary creep, and tertiary creep. Parameters that characterize creep behavior like steady-state creep rate and time to rupture are discussed. The effects of stress and temperature on creep are described. Models for predicting creep behavior like the Larson-Miller relation are presented. Creep damage mechanisms involving void formation and linkage are described. The document concludes
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) involves controlled heating and cooling of welded or machined surfaces to improve their chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties. Residual stresses from welding and machining can cause damage if not relieved. PWHT relieves these stresses and refines the microstructure of the heat affected zone to reduce cracking and improve strength. PWHT units use electric resistance heating and automatic temperature controllers to precisely heat and cool components based on their application, such as piping, boilers, and vessel repairs.
Delrin 525GR is very strong and stands up well to heat exposure, chemically resistant and has a low moisture absorption.
This industrial plastic is a 25% glass reinforced acetal homopolymer.
This document summarizes information about the plastic material PEEK (PolyEtherEtherKetone) from a supplier named Emco Industrial Plastics. It describes PEEK as a high performance thermoplastic that offers chemical and water resistance similar to PPS but can operate at higher temperatures. It then provides details on Emco's offerings of different forms of PEEK including rods, sheets, and machine parts. Key features of PEEK are also listed such as its strength, resistance to wear and temperature stability. Compliance, physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical resistance properties of PEEK are outlined.
Topic 7 joining process welding brazing soldering fastening 160214Huai123
This document discusses various joining processes including welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding, and mechanical fastening. It focuses on welding processes, describing fusion welding techniques like arc welding, resistance welding, oxyfuel welding, and others. For arc welding, it explains the basic configuration and different electrode and power source types. For resistance welding, it describes resistance spot welding and seam welding. The document also discusses solid state welding techniques that join materials without melting.
The document discusses various smelting processes used to extract metals from ores. Smelting involves melting the metal out of its ore using reducing substances. There are two main types of smelting: reduction smelting uses carbon to reduce the ore, while matte smelting does not use a reducing agent. Blast furnaces and reverberatory furnaces are commonly used smelting devices. Flash smelting is a high-temperature process that uses the energy in sulfur and iron to melt copper ore without external heating.
Brief explanation about welding of copper and its alloys.
A short table to categorize consumables used for welding copper alloys.
Content help : KOBE steels limited
Creep is the time-dependent deformation of a material under constant load at high temperatures. It occurs when a material is loaded below its yield strength and the load is maintained for an extended period of time, resulting in plastic deformation that increases over time. Creep can cause failure through rupture or excessive plastic deformation beyond a certain limit. The rate of creep deformation and time to rupture depend on factors like temperature, stress, and material microstructure. Creep becomes significant engineering issue at temperatures over 40% of the material's melting point.
Propertis and applications of thermoplasticsMuthukumar V
This document provides information on various thermoplastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonates, polyamides, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyimides, polyamide-imide, polyether ether ketone, and polytetrafluoroethylene. For each plastic, the document discusses its properties, production process if relevant, and common applications. The wide-ranging uses of these plastics include packaging, piping, electronics, automotive parts, textiles, and more.
This document provides information about heat treatment of pressure vessels and various heat treatment processes. It discusses the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of metals and alloys. Various heat treatment processes like normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, solution annealing, hardening, tempering and aging are described. Parameters for heat treatment of different steel grades are listed. The document also covers thermocouples, recorders, furnace layout and calibration procedures for heat treatment furnaces.
This document provides information on various earthing kits and components for electrical joints and terminations. It describes 3M armour continuity kits that provide electrical continuity across cable joints, along with accepted cable diameters and copper cord lengths. It also lists constant force springs, earth bonding kits, electrical shielding and grounding braids, and copper braid options for providing earth continuity and fault current paths. Technical support contact information is provided at the end.
1. Metals have the greatest number of dislocations present because dislocation motion is easiest in metals due to their non-directional bonding and close-packed crystal structures.
2. Strength and dislocation motion are related because dislocations allow plastic deformation via slip and strength increases as dislocation motion is impeded.
3. Heating alters strength and other properties by allowing recovery and recrystallization processes that reduce dislocation density and form new defect-free grains, decreasing strength but increasing ductility.
Continuous casting is a process that solidifies molten metal into a semi-finished billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling. It involves pouring molten metal from a ladle into a tundish, then through a nozzle into a mold where it solidifies into a continuous strand. As the strand exits the mold, it passes through primary and secondary cooling zones before being bent and cut into final pieces. Continuous casting is now the dominant production method for metals like steel due to benefits like improved yield, quality, and energy efficiency compared to batch casting.
This document provides an overview of blacksmithing and forging processes. It discusses that blacksmiths produce objects from metal using hand tools or power tools after heating the metal. The main forging processes covered are open die forging, impression die forging, and closed forging. Key forging operations like upsetting, drawing down, punching, and bending are also summarized. The document outlines common forging materials and various heating devices used like furnaces. Important hand tools for blacksmithing like hammers, tongs, chisels, and swages are also described.
This document discusses the requirements and process for welding procedure and performance qualifications according to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It explains that qualifications are required to prove the quality of welds and performance of welders. The process involves writing a welding procedure specification, making a test coupon according to the specification, conducting mechanical tests on the coupon, and documenting the results in a procedure qualification record. It provides details on various variables that need to be considered for different welding processes and their classification as essential, supplementary essential, or nonessential for qualifications.
The document provides definitions and illustrations of standard test positions and production welding positions. It aims to help users understand the difference between testing positions used for welder qualification and production welding positions encountered in the field. Test positions have discrete definitions and tolerances, while production welding positions are defined contiguously to encompass all possible positions. The document uses diagrams and examples to demonstrate how the positions are defined based on axis inclination and rotation ranges. Key points are that test positions do not necessarily correspond to welding positions, and positions between tests are undefined.
This document discusses various metal forming processes including rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, and shearing. It covers bulk deformation processes like rolling, forging, and extrusion which involve large plastic deformation and changing the cross-section without changing the volume. It also discusses sheet metal processes and categorizes the forming processes based on temperature into cold, warm and hot working. Key rolling processes like flat rolling, thread rolling and ring rolling are described along with forging and extrusion processes.
The document provides solutions to problems involving determining stresses and strains in metal forming applications. Some key points:
1) It calculates principal stresses and strains for given stress/strain states.
2) It determines stresses in rods, tubes, and thin-walled pressure vessels under various loading conditions using stress/strain relationships.
3) It applies both Tresca and von Mises yield criteria to find yielding points for different materials under combinations of stresses.
Heat treatment involves heating and cooling metals to alter their internal structure and properties. There are several heat treatment methods for carbon steels including annealing, normalizing, hardening, and tempering. Annealing involves heating steel to high temperatures and slowly cooling to relieve stresses and improve ductility. Normalizing also starts with heating above the critical point but involves air cooling to refine grain size. Hardening greatly increases hardness but causes brittleness, so tempering is used to relieve stresses and improve toughness through controlled reheating.
The document discusses tools for machining high manganese steel, specifically solid CBN insert BN-S20. BN-S20 is suitable for roughing and semi-finishing of hardened steel, heat-resistant steel, and high manganese steel. It has a 76% CBN content and 4-6 μm grain size, giving it a hardness of 2900-3100HV. When used for turning a high manganese steel crushing cone, BN-S20 achieved a tool life of 2 pieces with a cutting depth of 7.5mm, outperforming a carbide insert. It also demonstrated better performance than a carbide insert for milling a high manganese steel liner.
This document contains solutions to multiple problems involving slip-line field analysis. Problem 9-14 asks about a slip-line field for extrusion or drawing where r=0.0760 and α=15°. For extrusion, the stress σ2 at point 4,5 is found to be 1.842(2k). For drawing, σ2 would have the same magnitude but opposite sign. The product may depend on whether it is an extrusion or drawing, as extrusion would result in a thicker product while drawing a thinner product.
The document discusses materials at high temperatures and creep. It describes how microstructure and mechanical properties change at high temperatures, including grain growth, vacancy formation, and increased mobility of dislocations and atoms. It then focuses on creep, which is the time-dependent deformation of materials under constant load at high temperatures. The typical creep curve is presented, showing the stages of instantaneous deformation, primary creep, secondary creep, and tertiary creep. Parameters that characterize creep behavior like steady-state creep rate and time to rupture are discussed. The effects of stress and temperature on creep are described. Models for predicting creep behavior like the Larson-Miller relation are presented. Creep damage mechanisms involving void formation and linkage are described. The document concludes
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) involves controlled heating and cooling of welded or machined surfaces to improve their chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties. Residual stresses from welding and machining can cause damage if not relieved. PWHT relieves these stresses and refines the microstructure of the heat affected zone to reduce cracking and improve strength. PWHT units use electric resistance heating and automatic temperature controllers to precisely heat and cool components based on their application, such as piping, boilers, and vessel repairs.
Delrin 525GR is very strong and stands up well to heat exposure, chemically resistant and has a low moisture absorption.
This industrial plastic is a 25% glass reinforced acetal homopolymer.
This document summarizes information about the plastic material PEEK (PolyEtherEtherKetone) from a supplier named Emco Industrial Plastics. It describes PEEK as a high performance thermoplastic that offers chemical and water resistance similar to PPS but can operate at higher temperatures. It then provides details on Emco's offerings of different forms of PEEK including rods, sheets, and machine parts. Key features of PEEK are also listed such as its strength, resistance to wear and temperature stability. Compliance, physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and chemical resistance properties of PEEK are outlined.
DuraForm HST Composite - SLS Systems - Material properties (EN)Quoc Tuan Duong, ing.
DuraForm HST Composite is a stiff, durable, and heat-resistant material suitable for functional prototypes and end-use parts requiring those properties, such as UAV and housing components. It offers high specific stiffness, temperature resistance, and anisotropic mechanical properties similar to fiber-filled injection molded plastics. As a non-conductive and RF transparent material, it also provides an easy-to-finish surface and allows functional testing of prototypes in real-life environments.
DuraForm PA Plastic is a polyamide material suitable for selective laser sintering that offers good surface resolution and mechanical properties. It can be used to produce functional prototypes and end-use parts for applications in automotive, aerospace, consumer goods and more. The document provides technical data on the material's properties including tensile strength, hardness, heat resistance and electrical characteristics.
Commercial Grade Polyolefin Heat Shrink Tubing
SPN heat shrink is suitable for high volume commercial and industrial applications where flame retarded properties are not required.
SPN Heat Shrink Tubing - Specification
105°C Commercial Grade Non Flame Retarded Heat Shrinkable Tubing
Shrink Ratio: 2:1
Operating Temperature: -55°C to 105°C
Shrink Temperature : 90°C
Heat shrink colours - shiny black and clear
Thorne & Derrick are the largest UK distributor of heat shrink tubings and sleevings including 3M, Panduit, Hellermann Tyton, DSG Canusa, Shrinktek and Thomas & Betts.
Stock lines include thin, medium and thick wall adhesive lined heat shrink sleeves and moulded shapes (heat shrink cable caps, cable breakouts and cable boots) - insulate, seal, protect with heat shrinkable tubing.
This document provides specification and ordering information for a non flame-retarded heat shrinkable polyolefin tubing. It lists the product references, commercial grade classification, and test method values for properties like tensile strength, elongation, specific gravity, flammability, corrosion resistance, and water absorption. A table is included that shows the minimum/maximum sizes, wall thicknesses, and standard reel lengths available. Standard colors and packaging are also specified along with ordering instructions and product details like the shrink ratio, temperature range, and shrink temperature.
This document outlines the methodology, work plan, materials selection, and design of a solar powered air cooling system using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) components. Key aspects include:
- Conducting literature reviews and material comparisons to select FRP over other materials like steel, wood, aluminum, and high density polyethylene for its corrosion resistance, strength, lighter weight, and lower lifetime costs.
- Designing the system with an axial fan, motor, water pump, storage tank, eliminator, cellulose pads, air filter, and 360W solar panels. Calculations are shown for humidity reduction, coefficient of performance, static pressure, cooling load, and duct sizing.
- 3D modeling and drafting plans
Manufacture tough, impact-resistant plastic prototypes or
end-use parts requiring molded-part performance and
capable of withstanding harsh enviroments. Outstanding toughness and excellent impact resistance. For complex, thin-walled ductwork, consumer sporting goods, housings and enclosures applications, etc.
This document provides specifications and ordering information for an ultra thin wall heat shrinkable polyolefin tubing. The tubing has a shrink ratio of 2:1, shrinks at 100°C, and has an operating temperature range of -55°C to 125°C. It lists properties such as tensile strength, heat shock resistance, and electric strength. Standard sizes range from 3/64 inch to 1 inch in diameter, and it is supplied on reels in lengths from 50 to 656 feet. Contact information is given for the manufacturer.
This document provides an overview of advanced material systems from Huntsman for protecting passive components such as transformers, capacitors, and resistors. It describes the key requirements for protecting each component and highlights two product systems - Arathane and Araldite - that provide benefits such as flame retardance, thermal resistance, and lifetime protection. Application and performance details are provided for using the materials with each component type.
The document discusses ProOne's lubrication and fuel technologies. It describes ProOne's FuelMaximizer product as a fuel catalyst that offers benefits like significantly reduced fuel consumption, lower emissions, increased lubricity to protect engines, and prevention of corrosion and carbon build-up. It also describes ProOne's lubricant products which use an XPL+ technology to bond to metal and reduce heat, friction, and wear. This technology offers benefits such as reducing costs, extending equipment life, increasing productivity, and lowering energy consumption and downtime.
This document summarizes the properties and performance of Nytro 11GBX-US, an electrical insulating oil developed for use in oil-filled electrical equipment. It has good oxidation stability and heat transfer properties, allowing transformers to operate efficiently with a longer lifetime and less maintenance. It meets the requirements for ASTM D3487 Type II oils and passes various corrosion and PCB detection tests. The product data sheet lists its physical, chemical, and electrical specifications to ensure high dielectric strength and reliability.
Catalog DLMM 2019-Metalized composite 2mm pitch connector that meets Mil-8351...NICOMATIC
Metalized composite 2mm pitch connector that meets Mil-83513 requirements. Perfect fit for inside the box application with EMI protection need applications: UAV, Defense, Communication, Aerospace.
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tubes - LSF Low Smoke Zero Halogen for Low Voltage Cable Splices, Cable Repair & Insulation Protection
3M 8443-6.5 Silicone Rubber Cold Shrink Tubes
Minimum diameter seal 8.86mm
Maximum diameter seal 14.22mm
Cold shrink tube length 132mm
*No tools or heat shrink gas torches required for installation of 3M cold shrink
*Seals tight, retains resilience and pressure even after aging and exposure
*Moisture resistant 3M silicone cold shrink
*Cold shrink resists acids and alkalies
*Resists ozone and UV ultraviolet light
*Fire resistant 3M silicone cold shrink tubings
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Applications
Primary electrical insulation of insulated wires and cable splices up to 1000 volts, insulation of electrical aircraft cables, suitable for indoor and outdoor applications, moisture sealing for high voltage (HV) air insulated cable connectors and cable lugs, insulation of secondary splices (copper and aluminium conductors), cable sheath repairs, insulation of line conductor transition connectors.
Flammability Testing of 3M Silicone Cold Shrink
3M Cold Shrink Insulators 8440 Series flammability testing was conducted with specimens positioned both vertically and horizontally per specification BSS 7230. The 3M silicone rubber cold shrink insulation passed the Flammability Test of BSS 7230 without supporting a flame. In addition, these cold shrink insulators were also subjected to a gas flame test as outlined in paragraph 4.4.15 of MIL-C-24643A and met the passing criteria as specified - no fuse was blown during the one hour flame exposure of the 3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tube.
This document provides a summary of 3M's 8440 Series silicone rubber cold shrink connector insulators. It describes the product as open-ended, tubular sleeves that are factory expanded and shrink to form a tight seal when installed. The document lists the product's key features such as simple installation without tools or heat, resistance to moisture and chemicals, and operating temperature range. It also provides application examples, specifications, test data on performance properties, and product availability information.
This document provides a summary of 3M's 8440 Series silicone rubber cold shrink connector insulators. It describes the product as open-ended, tubular sleeves that are factory expanded and shrink to form a tight seal when installed. The document lists the product's key features such as being simple to install without tools or heat, resisting moisture and chemicals, and having an operating temperature range of -55°C to 260°C. It also provides application examples, specifications, test data on performance properties, and ordering information.
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tubes - LSF Low Smoke Zero Halogen for Low Voltage Cable Splices, Cable Repair & Insulation Protection
3M 8447-3.2 Silicone Rubber Cold Shrink Tubes
Minimum diameter seal 14mm
Maximum diameter seal 24.13mm
Cold shrink tube length 57mm
No tools or heat shrink gas torches required for installation of 3M cold shrink
Seals tight, retains resilience and pressure even after aging and exposure
Moisture resistant 3M silicone cold shrink
Cold shrink resists acids and alkalies
Resists ozone and UV ultraviolet light
Fire resistant 3M silicone cold shrink tubings
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Applications
Primary electrical insulation of insulated wires and cable splices up to 1000 volts, insulation of electrical aircraft cables, suitable for indoor and outdoor applications, moisture sealing for high voltage (HV) air insulated cable connectors and cable lugs, insulation of secondary splices (copper and aluminium conductors), cable sheath repairs, insulation of line conductor transition connectors.
Flammability Testing of 3M Silicone Cold Shrink
3M Cold Shrink Insulators 8440 Series flammability testing was conducted with specimens positioned both vertically and horizontally per specification BSS 7230. The 3M silicone rubber cold shrink insulation passed the Flammability Test of BSS 7230 without supporting a flame. In addition, these cold shrink insulators were also subjected to a gas flame test as outlined in paragraph 4.4.15 of MIL-C-24643A and met the passing criteria as specified - no fuse was blown during the one hour flame exposure of the 3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tube
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tubes - LSF Low Smoke Zero Halogen for Low Voltage Cable Splices, Cable Repair & Insulation Protection
3M 8445-2.5 Silicone Rubber Cold Shrink Tubes
Minimum diameter seal 10.7mm
Maximum diameter seal 18.29mm
Cold shrink tube length 43mm
*No tools or heat shrink gas torches required for installation of 3M cold shrink
*Seals tight, retains resilience and pressure even after aging and exposure
*Moisture resistant 3M silicone cold shrink
*Cold shrink resists acids and alkalies
*Resists ozone and UV ultraviolet light
*Fire resistant 3M silicone cold shrink tubings
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Applications
Primary electrical insulation of insulated wires and cable splices up to 1000 volts, insulation of electrical aircraft cables, suitable for indoor and outdoor applications, moisture sealing for high voltage (HV) air insulated cable connectors and cable lugs, insulation of secondary splices (copper and aluminium conductors), cable sheath repairs, insulation of line conductor transition connectors.
Flammability Testing of 3M Silicone Cold Shrink
3M Cold Shrink Insulators 8440 Series flammability testing was conducted with specimens positioned both vertically and horizontally per specification BSS 7230. The 3M silicone rubber cold shrink insulation passed the Flammability Test of BSS 7230 without supporting a flame. In addition, these cold shrink insulators were also subjected to a gas flame test as outlined in paragraph 4.4.15 of MIL-C-24643A and met the passing criteria as specified - no fuse was blown during the one hour flame exposure of the 3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tube.
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tubes - LSF Low Smoke Zero Halogen for Low Voltage Cable Splices, Cable Repair & Insulation Protection
3M 8447-8 Silicone Rubber Cold Shrink Tubes
Minimum diameter seal 14mm
Maximum diameter seal 24.13mm
Cold shrink tube length 172mm
No tools or heat shrink gas torches required for installation of 3M cold shrink
Seals tight, retains resilience and pressure even after aging and exposure
Moisture resistant 3M silicone cold shrink
Cold shrink resists acids and alkalies
*Resists ozone and UV ultraviolet light
Fire resistant 3M silicone cold shrink tubings
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Applications
Primary electrical insulation of insulated wires and cable splices up to 1000 volts, insulation of electrical aircraft cables, suitable for indoor and outdoor applications, moisture sealing for high voltage (HV) air insulated cable connectors and cable lugs, insulation of secondary splices (copper and aluminium conductors), cable sheath repairs, insulation of line conductor transition connectors.
Flammability Testing of 3M Silicone Cold Shrink
3M Cold Shrink Insulators 8440 Series flammability testing was conducted with specimens positioned both vertically and horizontally per specification BSS 7230. The 3M silicone rubber cold shrink insulation passed the Flammability Test of BSS 7230 without supporting a flame. In addition, these cold shrink insulators were also subjected to a gas flame test as outlined in paragraph 4.4.15 of MIL-C-24643A and met the passing criteria as specified - no fuse was blown during the one hour flame exposure of the 3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tube
UHMWPE sheets and parts are made from a material with a minimum molecular weight of 5.0 million. This material has a density of 0.93-0.95 g/cm3, water absorption of less than 0.01%, tensile strength of at least 18N/mm2, and elongation of at least 50%. It also has high impact strength, hardness, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity, with low volume and surface resistivity. This material is suitable for use in temperatures from -80 to 80 degrees Celsius and has low coefficients of friction, negligible moisture/solvent absorption, and excellent weather resistance.
Organizing the Garage with this Checklist - NJ Custom Garage BuilderPurpose Advertising
EncoreGarage is an award winning NJ Custom Garage Builder that offers the latest in wall and ceiling garage organization products from a variety of manufacturers to perfectly compliment our garage enhancement projects.
This checklist is an easy way to take inventory of what you currently need and what you need to relocate or toss.
#NJ #garage #builder
This data sheet and properties information has been uploaded and shared by Emco Industrial Plastics. This plastics distributor, manufacturer and fabrication company has everything that you need for your engineering and tooling needs.
To purchase Delrin AF visit http://www.emcoplastics.com/materials/delrin/delrin-af-100/
Industrial Plastics contains many terms not commonly used or recognized. Here us an extensive glossary of terms related to the manufacturing, engineering, distribution and fabrication of plastics- courtesy of Emco.
Visit www.emcoplastics.com for more information.
This document provides information on Acetron® LSG stock shapes produced from polyoxymethylene. It lists various applications and advantages of the material such as excellent wear resistance and strength. It provides details on availability of the stock shapes in different types, sizes, lengths, and colors. The document also includes tables listing the physical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the material according to various ASTM testing standards.
Plastics distributors and fabricators have a wide array of abilities. Emco Industrial Plastics and displays shares a "taste" of some of the services and capabilities offered in this slide presentation. Click on the company logo on the bottom of each page to learn more about each topic
Emco Industrial Plastics: Design Principles For Engineering PolymersPurpose Advertising
Engineers that are accustomed to fabricating out of metals should be sure to read the overview of engineering with thermoplastics and polymers.
Acetal, Delrin, Peek and many more are covered in this extensive yet informative manual.
To purchase or learn more about these and other thermoplastics, please visit this distibutor website www.emcoplastics.com
A conveyor manufacturer was originally using an expensive aluminum alloy to fabricate a carrier part but it was too costly and noisy. Custom casting of the part in nylon reduced the cost to 1/5 of the original and greatly reduced noise levels. The lighter nylon parts also lowered the power needs of the conveyor system.
Emco Industrial Plastics provides various plastic fabrication services including cutting, laser cutting, machining, welding, molding and forming. They offer capabilities such as annealing, bending, drilling, grinding, milling, perforating, polishing, sheeting and welding. Emco can handle both prototype and high-volume production orders and provides on-time delivery using the latest technology and quality standards.
This document discusses various types of nylon materials available from Emco Industrial Plastics including extruded nylon 6/6 in unfilled, MoS2 and Kevlar fiber filled, solid lubricant filled, and glass filled grades. It also discusses cast nylon 6 in unfilled, MoS2 filled, oil filled, and glass filled grades. Key properties are mentioned such as the higher melting point and mechanical properties of extruded nylon 6/6 compared to cast nylon. Reinforcements like MoS2, Kevlar fiber, and glass fibers are noted to increase strength, stiffness, wear resistance, and other properties.
Emco Industrial Plastics offers several edge finishing options for acrylic materials:
Saw Cut Edge is the standard finish and produces a chip-free edge without need for polishing. Milled Edge produces a frosted, "modern look" at low cost without saw cuts. Flame Polishing applies heat to produce a high luster suitable for tabletops, though certain cleaners should not be used. Hand Polishing involves multi-step sanding and buffing for a stunning, museum-quality finish. Various beveled edges are available to soften edges or facilitate mating of pieces.
This document provides abbreviations and descriptions for various polymers and materials. There are over 150 abbreviations listed alphabetically along with the full chemical or material names they represent. Common abbreviations include ABS for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, HDPE for high density polyethylene, and PVC for polyvinyl chloride. The document acts as a reference guide for the abbreviations and terminology used for different polymers and materials.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Nylon 6/6 Data Sheet, Properties
1. Nylon -Type 6,6 is the most popular and common form of the commercial grades, here are just a few examples:
Unfilled, Extruded Type 6/6:
This general purpose material is easily molded and has the ability to be extruded. It reaches a much higher melting point, has low fluid absorption, is tough and highly resistant to wear. Because of these few key features, this industrial plastic makes a great alternative to metal application replacement. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Density lb/in3 D792 0.042 Water Absorption, 24 hrs % D570 0.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Tensile Strength psi D638 11500 Tensile Modulus psi D638 425000 Tensile Elongation @Break % D638 50 Flexural Strength psi D790 15000 Flexural Modulus psi 400000 450000 Compressive Strength psi D695 12500 Compressive Modulus psi D695 420000 Hardness, Rockwell R D785 115 IZOD Impact Strength Notched ft-lb/in D256 0.6 THERMAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion in./in./°F D256 5.5 x 10-5 Heat Deflection Temp at 264 psi °F 200 Melting Temperature °F D3418 500 Max Operating Temp °F 210 Thermal Conductivity BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F C177 1.7 Flammability Rating UL94 V-2 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Dielectric Strength V/mil D149 400, 1/8″ th Dielectric Constant D150 3.6 Dissipation Factor @ 60 Hz D150 0.02 Volume Resistivity, 50% RH ohm-cm D257 >1013
2. Fiber Filled, Extruded Type 6/6: This is also a great selection for replacement applications, such as metals. This has an outstanding versatile level of strength, is resistant to high temperatures and is easy to process. Fiber filled Nylon is often referred to as the brand name Kevl PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Density lb/in3 D792 0.042 Water Absorption, 24 hrs % D570 0.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Tensile Strength psi D638 12500 Tensile Modulus psi D638 480000 Tensile Elongation @Break % D638 25 Flexural Strength psi D790 17000 Flexural Modulus psi 400000 460000 Compressive Strength psi D695 16000 Compressive Modulus psi D695 420000 Hardness, Rockwell R D785 115 IZOD Impact Strength Notched ft-lb/in D256 0.5 THERMAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion in./in./°F D256 4 x 10-5 Heat Deflection Temp at 264 psi °F 200 Melting Temperature °F D3418 500 Max Operating Temp °F 220 Thermal Conductivity BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F C177 1.7 Flammability Rating UL94 V-2 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Dielectric Strength V/mil D149 350, 1/8″ th. Volume Resistivity, 50% RH ohm-cm D257 >1013
3. Solid- Lubricant Filled, Type 6/6 Adding lubricant improves the already amazing resistance to wear and friction that Nylon possesses. Solids additives of lubricants offer a bearing performance far superior to the others and demonstrates long lasting wear and durability when exposed to friction. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Density lb/in3 D792 1.16 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Tensile Strength psi D638 10500 Tensile Modulus psi D638 408000 Tensile Elongation @Break % D638 10 Flexural Strength psi D790 14500 Flexural Modulus psi 400000 400000 Compressive Strength psi D695 12000 Compressive Modulus psi D695 400000 Hardness, Rockwell R D785 115 IZOD Impact Strength Notched ft-lb/in D256 0.4 THERMAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion in./in./°F D256 5.5 x 10-4 Heat Deflection Temp at 264 psi °F 200 Melting Temperature °F D3418 500 Max Operating Temp °F 230 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Dielectric Strength V/mil D149 360 Volume Resistivity, 50% RH ohm-cm D257 2.5 x 105
4. Unfilled, Cast, Type 6 The mechanical properties of this grade are very similar to that of extruded 6/6, however this one has a few more advantages to bring to the table. Typically when utilized for large cross sections and productions, this is far less expensive. When the material is casted, versus extruded, it causes less stress and thus creates a more dimensionally stable nylon. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Density lb/in3 D792 0.042 Water Absorption, 24 hrs % D570 0.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Tensile Strength psi D638 12000 Tensile Modulus psi D638 400000 Tensile Elongation @Break % D638 20 Flexural Strength psi D790 16000 Flexural Modulus psi 400000 500000 Compressive Strength psi D695 15000 Compressive Modulus psi D695 400000 Hardness, Rockwell R D785 115 IZOD Impact Strength Notched ft-lb/in D256 0.4 THERMAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (x 10-5 in./in./°F) D256 3.5 Heat Deflection Temp at 264 psi °F 200 Melting Temperature °F D3418 420 Max Operating Temp °F 200 Flammability Rating UL94 HB ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES UNITS ASTM RESULTS Dielectric Strength V/mil D149 500 Dielectric Constant D150 3.7 Volume Resistivity, 50% RH ohm-cm D257 >1013