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Embryology provides evidence of evolution through the comparison of structures that appear during the development of different organisms. All embryos of certain species have gill slits, though these disappear before birth in humans, birds, and reptiles but remain in fish, showing how embryonic development reflects evolutionary relationships. Charles Darwin recognized the connection between embryology and evolution, noting that primitive features tend to be generalized across species while derived features are more specialized.
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Evidences from comparative embryology
This document discusses evidence for evolution from comparative embryology. It notes that more complex organisms share many initial developmental steps with more primitive forms, as Darwinian evolution suggests they elaborated on existing developmental patterns. Comparative embryology studies reveal that all multicellular animals start as a single zygote and share fundamental developmental processes like gastrulation and the formation of germ layers, despite some differences. Recapitulation, where embryos of higher animals resemble embryos of lower forms, provides further evidence. Genetic factors explain recapitulation, as organisms retain genes regulating early development from ancestral forms.
02 evidence of evolution embryology
Comparative embryology provides evidence of evolution by showing that closely related species have similar embryonic development, with structures appearing during development that are not present in adults and represent ancestral forms. For example, all vertebrate embryos have gills that become ear canals and tails/tailbones, and pass through larval fish stages, even though these structures do not remain in most adult forms.
Comparative Embryology introduction
1. Vertebrate embryos all start with similar basic body designs as they share some similar genes.
2. Karl Ernst Von Baer discovered four principles of comparative embryology showing that early embryos display common features before developing specialized traits, and that embryos of more evolved species diverge from primitive species over time.
3. Darwin found that differences between species increase with evolution, agreeing with Von Baer's theories, and he looked at both common descent using embryo similarities and how structures modified to help animals adapt.
Recapitulation
This document provides an overview of developmental psychology and some of its key concepts and theorists. It defines developmental psychology as the scientific study of behavioral changes as an organism grows and interacts with its environment. Some important themes discussed are the interaction between biological and environmental influences on development, and the active role children play in shaping their own development. Early influential theorists mentioned include Darwin, Freud, Piaget, Erikson, and Vygotsky. Their various stage theories and approaches, such as psychosexual development and sociocultural influences, contributed to understanding of child development.
Ontogeny and Phylogeny
The document discusses concepts related to ontogeny (development of an organism) and phylogeny (evolutionary history). It describes:
1) Epigenesis, the unfolding development of an organism from an egg or spore through differentiation of cells and formation of organs, in contrast to preformationist theories.
2) How altered ontogeny, such as changes in timing of developmental events (heterochrony), can produce phylogenetic changes through processes like neoteny or acceleration.
3) De Beer's eight ways that changes in ontogeny can lead to phylogenetic changes, simplified by Gould into changes in relative timing of developmental events.
History of evolution
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and evidence for the theory of evolution. It discusses how evolution occurs gradually over millions of years through natural selection, where organisms with favorable variations are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. As evidence, it outlines homologous and analogous organs, fossils, vestigial organs, and embryonic similarities found across species. Important figures in the development of evolutionary theory, like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wallace, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck are also mentioned. The document also briefly discusses human evolution and provides an example of evolution through artificial selection of cabbage varieties.
Evolution Presentation: Homology
Structurally and biochemically similar individuals share common characteristics and are considered homologous, indicating a close evolutionary relationship. Homologous DNA and fossils provide evidence of evolutionary relationships by linking past and present species. Similar embryonic development in chickens and humans also suggests an evolutionary relationship.
Evo-Devo
1) Evolutionary developmental biology studies how developmental mechanisms drive evolutionary change by comparing development across organisms.
2) Genetic changes influence morphology through controlling growth rates and timing of development. Variation in developmental genes like Hox and Pax6 affect traits and can lead to new species.
3) Differences in expression of BMP4 and Gremlin proteins during chicken and duck foot development led to webbed versus non-webbed feet, demonstrating how development influences evolution.
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Evidences from comparative embryology
This document discusses evidence for evolution from comparative embryology. It notes that more complex organisms share many initial developmental steps with more primitive forms, as Darwinian evolution suggests they elaborated on existing developmental patterns. Comparative embryology studies reveal that all multicellular animals start as a single zygote and share fundamental developmental processes like gastrulation and the formation of germ layers, despite some differences. Recapitulation, where embryos of higher animals resemble embryos of lower forms, provides further evidence. Genetic factors explain recapitulation, as organisms retain genes regulating early development from ancestral forms.
02 evidence of evolution embryology
Comparative embryology provides evidence of evolution by showing that closely related species have similar embryonic development, with structures appearing during development that are not present in adults and represent ancestral forms. For example, all vertebrate embryos have gills that become ear canals and tails/tailbones, and pass through larval fish stages, even though these structures do not remain in most adult forms.
Comparative Embryology introduction
1. Vertebrate embryos all start with similar basic body designs as they share some similar genes.
2. Karl Ernst Von Baer discovered four principles of comparative embryology showing that early embryos display common features before developing specialized traits, and that embryos of more evolved species diverge from primitive species over time.
3. Darwin found that differences between species increase with evolution, agreeing with Von Baer's theories, and he looked at both common descent using embryo similarities and how structures modified to help animals adapt.
Recapitulation
This document provides an overview of developmental psychology and some of its key concepts and theorists. It defines developmental psychology as the scientific study of behavioral changes as an organism grows and interacts with its environment. Some important themes discussed are the interaction between biological and environmental influences on development, and the active role children play in shaping their own development. Early influential theorists mentioned include Darwin, Freud, Piaget, Erikson, and Vygotsky. Their various stage theories and approaches, such as psychosexual development and sociocultural influences, contributed to understanding of child development.
Ontogeny and Phylogeny
The document discusses concepts related to ontogeny (development of an organism) and phylogeny (evolutionary history). It describes:
1) Epigenesis, the unfolding development of an organism from an egg or spore through differentiation of cells and formation of organs, in contrast to preformationist theories.
2) How altered ontogeny, such as changes in timing of developmental events (heterochrony), can produce phylogenetic changes through processes like neoteny or acceleration.
3) De Beer's eight ways that changes in ontogeny can lead to phylogenetic changes, simplified by Gould into changes in relative timing of developmental events.
History of evolution
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and evidence for the theory of evolution. It discusses how evolution occurs gradually over millions of years through natural selection, where organisms with favorable variations are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. As evidence, it outlines homologous and analogous organs, fossils, vestigial organs, and embryonic similarities found across species. Important figures in the development of evolutionary theory, like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wallace, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck are also mentioned. The document also briefly discusses human evolution and provides an example of evolution through artificial selection of cabbage varieties.
Evolution Presentation: Homology
Structurally and biochemically similar individuals share common characteristics and are considered homologous, indicating a close evolutionary relationship. Homologous DNA and fossils provide evidence of evolutionary relationships by linking past and present species. Similar embryonic development in chickens and humans also suggests an evolutionary relationship.
Evo-Devo
1) Evolutionary developmental biology studies how developmental mechanisms drive evolutionary change by comparing development across organisms.
2) Genetic changes influence morphology through controlling growth rates and timing of development. Variation in developmental genes like Hox and Pax6 affect traits and can lead to new species.
3) Differences in expression of BMP4 and Gremlin proteins during chicken and duck foot development led to webbed versus non-webbed feet, demonstrating how development influences evolution.
Vestigial structure
This document discusses various anatomical structures and behaviors in humans that are considered vestigial, meaning they have lost most or all of their original function through evolution. It provides numerous examples of vestigial structures in humans such as the appendix, tailbone, wisdom teeth, inner corner of the eye, outer ear structures like Darwin's tubercle, and others. It also discusses vestigial behaviors like goose bumps and grasping reflex in infants. The document traces the history of studies on vestigial structures and provides details on specific structures like the vermiform appendix and its analogous structure in rabbits.
Tema 8. Evidences of evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from several areas:
1. Comparative anatomy shows homologous and analogous structures provide evidence of common descent. Vestigial structures also support evolution.
2. Biogeographic and biochemical evidence like identical genetic codes and similar amino acid sequences in organisms indicate a common ancestor. Vestigial genes also accumulate mutations over time.
3. Embryological evidence like identical early embryo structures that later specialize and branchial arches also reflect evolution from common ancestors.
4. The fossil record shows early life was simpler and transitional fossils provide evidence of gradual changes connecting species over time.
How does evolution happen
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in finch beaks on the Galapagos Islands. He proposed that organisms vary individually, and traits better suited to the local environment help organisms survive and reproduce more successfully. Over generations, this leads to evolution of species as adaptations arise in response to environmental pressures like availability of food sources. Darwin's theory explained how evolution can occur through natural selection acting on inherited variation between organisms in every generation.
DLC Evolution Poster (2)
Evolution is defined as all species arising and developing through natural selection of inherited variations that increase survival and reproduction. Charles Darwin discovered evolution through observing differing beak sizes in Galapagos finches that helped survival. The fossil record documents changes in past life and provides evidence of evolution by showing connections between species and filling gaps in the fossil record.
Genetics & Evolutionary Biology Vocabulary
This document contains definitions of key biology and genetics terms provided by a student named Beverley Sutton from Pistor Middle School. The definitions are simplified explanations intended for other students to understand. Some terms defined include adaptation, allele, asexual reproduction, cell, cell division, chromosome, DNA, dominant, evolve, gene, genotype, heterozygous, inherit, migrate, natural selection, offspring, phenotype, punnett square, recessive, sexual reproduction, species, and symbiosis.
Embryological and physiological evidences of evolution
The document discusses various embryological and physiological evidences that support the theory of evolution. It describes how early embryonic development is fundamentally similar across animals, with similarities in germ layer formation and fate. It also discusses similarities in organ development like the heart and aortic arches in vertebrates. Physiological evidence includes universal biochemical constituents, identical enzymes and hormones, similar metabolic pathways, and biochemical comparisons like cytochrome c and hemoglobin that indicate common ancestry. Analysis of excretory products and blood groups also provide evidence of evolutionary relationships.
Islam jan recap
Ernst Haeckel proposed the theory of recapitulation in the late 1800s, which stated that ontogeny (individual development) recapitulates phylogeny (evolutionary history). For example, he claimed that human embryos have structures resembling fish gills, representing a fish-like ancestor. While early embryos of related species do share similarities, modern biology rejects Haeckel's literal interpretation. His drawings of embryos were inaccurate, and developing organisms do not perfectly mirror their evolutionary history or adult ancestors as Haeckel claimed.
Evolution+and+natural+selection pvms
This document discusses evolution and natural selection. It explains that evolution occurs as species change over time through genetic variations being passed down through reproduction and natural selection, where organisms best adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. The document outlines Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, his observations on the HMS Beagle voyage that led to his hypothesis, and evidence that has been discovered since that supports the theory, including homologous structures, vestigial organs, embryonic development, and the fossil record.
06 speciation
This document discusses biological species and speciation. It defines a biological species as members of a population that can breed and produce fertile offspring. It describes reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent interbreeding between species, including prezygotic mechanisms like behavioral, temporal, ecological, mechanical, and gametic isolation and postzygotic mechanisms like zygotic mortality, hybrid inviability, and hybrid infertility. Speciation occurs through allopatric speciation by physical separation of populations or sympatric speciation within a single population through disruptive selection on extreme traits.
Developmental mechanisms of evolutionary change
This document summarizes key concepts in developmental biology and evolution. It discusses how changes in developmental pathways and gene regulation allow for morphological evolution while maintaining homologous structures. Modularity allows changes in certain body parts without disrupting others. Development is constrained by physical laws, developmental mechanisms, and phylogenetic history. Changes accumulate over generations through mutations affecting timing, scaling, duplication, and co-option of genetic and developmental mechanisms.
Preseantation on reproduction in animals
The document discusses various topics related to reproduction in animals including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves both male and female reproductive organs fusing eggs and sperm.
2) Fertilization is the fusion of an egg and sperm, forming a zygote that divides and develops into an embryo and fetus.
3) Reproduction can occur externally as in frogs where eggs and sperm fuse outside the body, or internally as in humans.
4) Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are identical copies through binary fission or budding.
Animal diversity cheat sheet
The document summarizes key concepts about the evolution of animal diversity. It describes the major splits in animal evolution including acoelomates vs coelomates, radiates vs bilateria, and protosomes vs deuterosomes. The Cambrian explosion occurred around 500 million years ago, resulting in the emergence of modern animal phyla. Today's animals can be classified into over 35 phyla based on their adult forms, embryological development, body symmetry, and presence of tissues and body cavities. Examples of major phyla include sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, arthropods, mollusks, and chordates.
Animal reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring through mitosis, including budding, gemmules, fragmentation, and regeneration. Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of male and female gametes, where the offspring have a mix of genetic material from both parents. There are two types of fertilization: external, where gametes meet outside the body, and internal, where fertilization occurs inside the female's reproductive tract. Reproduction follows certain patterns and cycles linked to environmental conditions to effectively produce offspring and maximize their chances of survival.
Reproduction in animals
Animal reproduction can occur through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and occurs through processes like binary fission, multiple fission, and budding. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes - sperm and egg. In animals, gametes are produced in specialized reproductive organs. Fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, can occur internally or externally. Internal fertilization occurs in animals like birds and mammals, where fertilization takes place inside the female's body. External fertilization occurs in aquatic animals like frogs, where fertilization happens outside in water after the release of gametes.
Evolution+and+natural+selection pvms[1]
This document discusses evolution and natural selection. It explains that evolution occurs as species change over time through genetic variations being passed down through reproduction and natural selection, where organisms best suited to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. The document outlines Charles Darwin's voyage where he made observations of related but different species on the Galapagos Islands, leading him to hypothesize that organisms evolve from common ancestors over time through natural selection. It provides examples of evidence that support evolution, including homologous structures, vestigial organs, embryonic development, and the fossil record.
02 Species and Speciation
The document discusses species and speciation. It defines a species as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, but are reproductively isolated from other species. It notes that new species usually develop through either geographical (allopatric) or reproductive (sympatric) isolation. Allopatric speciation occurs when a physical barrier divides a population, causing them to evolve separately. Sympatric speciation can happen within the same area through genetic mutations that lead to reproductive incompatibility.
Speciation
Speciation is the process by which new species develop from existing species. It occurs when populations become geographically isolated, experience genetic drift through chance changes in gene frequencies, or undergo variations through natural selection. For example, genetic drift can cause gene variants to disappear and reduce genetic variation in a population. While evolution has led to more complex body designs over time, it is not a linear process of progress but rather the production of diverse life forms shaped by their environments.
Animal Reproduction
There are two main types of reproduction: sexual reproduction which involves two parents and asexual reproduction which involves only one parent. Sexual reproduction occurs through the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, either externally or internally depending on the species, forming a zygote. The zygote then develops into an embryo through gestation and is born live or hatched from an egg. Development and metamorphosis describe the physical changes an animal undergoes as it grows from an embryo or larva into an adult.
Sexual reproduction in vertebrates
Vertebrates reproduce sexually, with internal or external fertilization depending on habitat. They exhibit three reproductive strategies: oviparity, where eggs hatch outside the mother; ovoviviparity, where eggs hatch inside the mother; and viviparity, where embryos develop internally and receive nourishment from the mother. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male sperm and female eggs to form genetically diverse offspring. Vertebrates display various sexual reproduction patterns including dioecy, parthenogenesis, and hermaphroditism. While increasing genetic diversity, sexual reproduction requires finding mates and has energy costs that asexual reproduction avoids.
Reproductive strategies for survival
Reproductive strategies have evolved to increase the chances of fertilization and offspring survival. Aquatic organisms broadcast spawn by releasing eggs and sperm into the water simultaneously, while demersal fish lay eggs together in nests guarded by males. Most bird species are monogamous and provide significant parental care, while some species exhibit polygamy or promiscuity. Reproductive strategies also differ in offspring production, from quick and numerous as in mice to slow and few as in elephants. Viviparous placental mammals give live birth, while oviparous animals lay eggs and marsupials and monotremes display intermediate reproductive characteristics.
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Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
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Vestigial structure
This document discusses various anatomical structures and behaviors in humans that are considered vestigial, meaning they have lost most or all of their original function through evolution. It provides numerous examples of vestigial structures in humans such as the appendix, tailbone, wisdom teeth, inner corner of the eye, outer ear structures like Darwin's tubercle, and others. It also discusses vestigial behaviors like goose bumps and grasping reflex in infants. The document traces the history of studies on vestigial structures and provides details on specific structures like the vermiform appendix and its analogous structure in rabbits.
Tema 8. Evidences of evolution
This document provides evidence for evolution from several areas:
1. Comparative anatomy shows homologous and analogous structures provide evidence of common descent. Vestigial structures also support evolution.
2. Biogeographic and biochemical evidence like identical genetic codes and similar amino acid sequences in organisms indicate a common ancestor. Vestigial genes also accumulate mutations over time.
3. Embryological evidence like identical early embryo structures that later specialize and branchial arches also reflect evolution from common ancestors.
4. The fossil record shows early life was simpler and transitional fossils provide evidence of gradual changes connecting species over time.
How does evolution happen
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in finch beaks on the Galapagos Islands. He proposed that organisms vary individually, and traits better suited to the local environment help organisms survive and reproduce more successfully. Over generations, this leads to evolution of species as adaptations arise in response to environmental pressures like availability of food sources. Darwin's theory explained how evolution can occur through natural selection acting on inherited variation between organisms in every generation.
DLC Evolution Poster (2)
Evolution is defined as all species arising and developing through natural selection of inherited variations that increase survival and reproduction. Charles Darwin discovered evolution through observing differing beak sizes in Galapagos finches that helped survival. The fossil record documents changes in past life and provides evidence of evolution by showing connections between species and filling gaps in the fossil record.
Genetics & Evolutionary Biology Vocabulary
This document contains definitions of key biology and genetics terms provided by a student named Beverley Sutton from Pistor Middle School. The definitions are simplified explanations intended for other students to understand. Some terms defined include adaptation, allele, asexual reproduction, cell, cell division, chromosome, DNA, dominant, evolve, gene, genotype, heterozygous, inherit, migrate, natural selection, offspring, phenotype, punnett square, recessive, sexual reproduction, species, and symbiosis.
Embryological and physiological evidences of evolution
The document discusses various embryological and physiological evidences that support the theory of evolution. It describes how early embryonic development is fundamentally similar across animals, with similarities in germ layer formation and fate. It also discusses similarities in organ development like the heart and aortic arches in vertebrates. Physiological evidence includes universal biochemical constituents, identical enzymes and hormones, similar metabolic pathways, and biochemical comparisons like cytochrome c and hemoglobin that indicate common ancestry. Analysis of excretory products and blood groups also provide evidence of evolutionary relationships.
Islam jan recap
Ernst Haeckel proposed the theory of recapitulation in the late 1800s, which stated that ontogeny (individual development) recapitulates phylogeny (evolutionary history). For example, he claimed that human embryos have structures resembling fish gills, representing a fish-like ancestor. While early embryos of related species do share similarities, modern biology rejects Haeckel's literal interpretation. His drawings of embryos were inaccurate, and developing organisms do not perfectly mirror their evolutionary history or adult ancestors as Haeckel claimed.
Evolution+and+natural+selection pvms
This document discusses evolution and natural selection. It explains that evolution occurs as species change over time through genetic variations being passed down through reproduction and natural selection, where organisms best adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. The document outlines Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, his observations on the HMS Beagle voyage that led to his hypothesis, and evidence that has been discovered since that supports the theory, including homologous structures, vestigial organs, embryonic development, and the fossil record.
06 speciation
This document discusses biological species and speciation. It defines a biological species as members of a population that can breed and produce fertile offspring. It describes reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent interbreeding between species, including prezygotic mechanisms like behavioral, temporal, ecological, mechanical, and gametic isolation and postzygotic mechanisms like zygotic mortality, hybrid inviability, and hybrid infertility. Speciation occurs through allopatric speciation by physical separation of populations or sympatric speciation within a single population through disruptive selection on extreme traits.
Developmental mechanisms of evolutionary change
This document summarizes key concepts in developmental biology and evolution. It discusses how changes in developmental pathways and gene regulation allow for morphological evolution while maintaining homologous structures. Modularity allows changes in certain body parts without disrupting others. Development is constrained by physical laws, developmental mechanisms, and phylogenetic history. Changes accumulate over generations through mutations affecting timing, scaling, duplication, and co-option of genetic and developmental mechanisms.
Preseantation on reproduction in animals
The document discusses various topics related to reproduction in animals including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves both male and female reproductive organs fusing eggs and sperm.
2) Fertilization is the fusion of an egg and sperm, forming a zygote that divides and develops into an embryo and fetus.
3) Reproduction can occur externally as in frogs where eggs and sperm fuse outside the body, or internally as in humans.
4) Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are identical copies through binary fission or budding.
Animal diversity cheat sheet
The document summarizes key concepts about the evolution of animal diversity. It describes the major splits in animal evolution including acoelomates vs coelomates, radiates vs bilateria, and protosomes vs deuterosomes. The Cambrian explosion occurred around 500 million years ago, resulting in the emergence of modern animal phyla. Today's animals can be classified into over 35 phyla based on their adult forms, embryological development, body symmetry, and presence of tissues and body cavities. Examples of major phyla include sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, arthropods, mollusks, and chordates.
Animal reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring through mitosis, including budding, gemmules, fragmentation, and regeneration. Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of male and female gametes, where the offspring have a mix of genetic material from both parents. There are two types of fertilization: external, where gametes meet outside the body, and internal, where fertilization occurs inside the female's reproductive tract. Reproduction follows certain patterns and cycles linked to environmental conditions to effectively produce offspring and maximize their chances of survival.
Reproduction in animals
Animal reproduction can occur through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and occurs through processes like binary fission, multiple fission, and budding. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes - sperm and egg. In animals, gametes are produced in specialized reproductive organs. Fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, can occur internally or externally. Internal fertilization occurs in animals like birds and mammals, where fertilization takes place inside the female's body. External fertilization occurs in aquatic animals like frogs, where fertilization happens outside in water after the release of gametes.
Evolution+and+natural+selection pvms[1]
This document discusses evolution and natural selection. It explains that evolution occurs as species change over time through genetic variations being passed down through reproduction and natural selection, where organisms best suited to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. The document outlines Charles Darwin's voyage where he made observations of related but different species on the Galapagos Islands, leading him to hypothesize that organisms evolve from common ancestors over time through natural selection. It provides examples of evidence that support evolution, including homologous structures, vestigial organs, embryonic development, and the fossil record.
02 Species and Speciation
The document discusses species and speciation. It defines a species as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, but are reproductively isolated from other species. It notes that new species usually develop through either geographical (allopatric) or reproductive (sympatric) isolation. Allopatric speciation occurs when a physical barrier divides a population, causing them to evolve separately. Sympatric speciation can happen within the same area through genetic mutations that lead to reproductive incompatibility.
Speciation
Speciation is the process by which new species develop from existing species. It occurs when populations become geographically isolated, experience genetic drift through chance changes in gene frequencies, or undergo variations through natural selection. For example, genetic drift can cause gene variants to disappear and reduce genetic variation in a population. While evolution has led to more complex body designs over time, it is not a linear process of progress but rather the production of diverse life forms shaped by their environments.
Animal Reproduction
There are two main types of reproduction: sexual reproduction which involves two parents and asexual reproduction which involves only one parent. Sexual reproduction occurs through the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, either externally or internally depending on the species, forming a zygote. The zygote then develops into an embryo through gestation and is born live or hatched from an egg. Development and metamorphosis describe the physical changes an animal undergoes as it grows from an embryo or larva into an adult.
Sexual reproduction in vertebrates
Vertebrates reproduce sexually, with internal or external fertilization depending on habitat. They exhibit three reproductive strategies: oviparity, where eggs hatch outside the mother; ovoviviparity, where eggs hatch inside the mother; and viviparity, where embryos develop internally and receive nourishment from the mother. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male sperm and female eggs to form genetically diverse offspring. Vertebrates display various sexual reproduction patterns including dioecy, parthenogenesis, and hermaphroditism. While increasing genetic diversity, sexual reproduction requires finding mates and has energy costs that asexual reproduction avoids.
Reproductive strategies for survival
Reproductive strategies have evolved to increase the chances of fertilization and offspring survival. Aquatic organisms broadcast spawn by releasing eggs and sperm into the water simultaneously, while demersal fish lay eggs together in nests guarded by males. Most bird species are monogamous and provide significant parental care, while some species exhibit polygamy or promiscuity. Reproductive strategies also differ in offspring production, from quick and numerous as in mice to slow and few as in elephants. Viviparous placental mammals give live birth, while oviparous animals lay eggs and marsupials and monotremes display intermediate reproductive characteristics.
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在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Recently uploaded (20)
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Embryology presentation
- 2. An embryo is an unborn (unhatched) animal in its earlier phases. These are studied in the science of embryology -(Vengco and Religioso, 2016).
- 3. The comparison of structures that appear during the developmentof different organisms -(Coralejo, 2014).
- 4. Charles Darwin •Recognizethe connectionbetween embryologyand evolution •Primitive features tend to be generalize while derivedfeatures tend to be specialize •Evolutionary change in observingchanges in development.
- 6. All embryos (of certain species mentioned above) have gill slits. This disappear on human, bird, and reptile before birth but remains to the fish.