Pharmaceutical Compounding Republic Poly

1. A476 P1
Team 1 - Dacie, Navid, Samantha, Vivien, Zazaa

2. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
Chemical Structure: C18H28BrNO2
> Does not contain sulphur
Dosage form: Syrup
> Does not contain alcohol
It is a cough suppressant and is suitable for the patient’s current
symptoms.

3. Codeine phosphate
Chemical Structure: C18H24NO7P
Codeine is contraindicated in patients younger than 12 years of age for the
treatment of acute moderate pain which is not considered to be relieved by
other analgesics such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (alone).
Promethazine hydrochloride
Chemical structure: C17H21CIN2S
> Contains sulfur and patient is allergic to sulphur containing medicine
Therefore, both codeine phosphate and promethazine hydrochloride cannot be used

4. Excipients Chosen
Excipients Why is it chosen?
Purified Water (Solvent) Needed to make syrup
Methyl Paraben (Preservatives) Prevent microbial growth. Soluble in water.
Sacharrin (Sweetener) Soluble in water and acts as a sweetener
Orange flavour D717 (Flavoring
Agent)
Mask bad taste of medicine. Orange flavour to match coloring agent.
Sunset Yellow (Coloring Agent) Make syrup look more attractive for the child & match the flavour
Note:
➢ Did not use propyl paraben (preservative) because it is insoluble in water.
○ Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, methanol
➢ Sodium benzoate (preservative) has low water solubility
➢ Aspartame (sweetener) slightly more soluble in ethanol as compared to water
➢ Glucose (sweetener) - cannot use since the patient as lactose intolerant

5. Excipients Amount
Purified Water (Solvent)
Methyl Paraben (Preservatives)
**0.015% - 2%
0.015/100 * 120mL = 0.018ml
Sacharrin (Sweetener)
**0.02% to 0.5%
0.02/100 * 120mL = 0.024ml
Orange flavour D717 (Flavoring Agent) q.s
Sunset Yellow (Coloring Agent) q.s

6. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
10% w/v in terms of 120 ml= 12ml
Codeine phosphate 10% w/v of 120 ml =12ml
Children 6 to 12 years of age: ½ to 1 teaspoonful (2.5 mL to 5 mL).
These doses may be given every 4 to 6 hours as needed. ( Twice a day )
Suggested Dosing Instruction

7. Process of making Pharmaceutical Syrup
Pharmaceutical syrups are produced by mixing purified water, sweeteners, active ingredients (API), aromas,
flavors and other ingredients (thickeners) etc.
Generally, there are 4 kinds of processes
The choice depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the substances entering into the
preparation:
1. Solution by heat
2. Agitation without heat
3. Addition of medicating liquid to syrup
4. Percolation
Furthermore, there are precautions taken such as
● A purified water free from foreign substances and clean vessels and containers must be used.
● Ingredients used must be contamination free
● Mixing process must be done gradually if using heat