Electromagnetic radiation travels through space in oscillating electric and magnetic waves. It includes visible light, X-rays, microwaves, and more. These waves have properties like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period. Amplitude refers to the intensity, wavelength is the distance between peaks, frequency is the number of waves passing a point per second, and period is the time for one wavelength to pass.

1. Electromagnetic Radiation
• Electromagnetic radiation is one of the many
ways that energy travels through space.
• The heat from a burning fire, the light from the
sun, the X-rays used by your doctor, as well as
the energy used to cook food in a microwave
are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.
• While these forms of energy might seem quite
different from one another, they are related in
that they all exhibit wavelike properties.

2. • If you’ve ever gone swimming in the ocean, you are already
familiar with waves. Waves are simply disturbances in a
particular physical medium or a field, resulting in a vibration
or oscillation.
• The swell of a wave in the ocean, and the subsequent dip that
follows, is simply a vibration or oscillation of the water at the
ocean’s surface.
• Electromagnetic waves are similar, but they are also distinct in
that they actually consist of 222 waves oscillating
perpendicular to one another.
• One of the waves is an oscillating magnetic field; the other is
an oscillating electric field.

4. Basic properties of waves: Amplitude,
wavelength, and frequency
• As you might already know, a wave has
a trough (lowest point) and a crest (highest
point). The vertical distance between the tip of a
crest and the wave’s central axis is known as
its amplitude.
• This is the property associated with the
brightness, or intensity, of the wave. The
horizontal distance between two consecutive
troughs or crests is known as the wavelength of
the wave. These lengths can be visualized as
follows:

6. Frequency
– Electric and magnetic field are perpendicular to each other.
Light is an example of a electromagnetic waves.
– Wavelength is represented as λ. The rate at which the
magnetic and electric fields point up and point down would
be termed as frequency. If frequency
increases λ wavelength decreases. (which looks smaller).

7. Period of the wave
The last quantity we will consider is the period
of a wave. A wave’s period is the length of time
it takes for one wavelength to pass by a given
point in space. Mathematically, the period (TTT)
is simply the reciprocal of the wave’s frequency