The document discusses renewable energy options for the future such as wind, solar, biomass, wave, geothermal, and tidal energy. It notes that while renewable energy sources are clean and sustainable, they also face challenges like high costs, riskiness, lack of predictability, and the need for energy storage solutions. The document explores various renewable technology types in detail and argues that no single renewable option will dominate the future due to significant challenges around cost and technology risk that still need to be overcome.

1. Electricity Options for the Future
RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2. Want is Renewable Energy?
“Renewable Energy is energy which is renewable within a
human lifetime and can be produced safely and equitably for
all time with minimal impact on the environment and future
inhabitants”
Clean
Non-polluting
Sustainable
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3. Why Renewable Energy
Climate change
Mandatory Renewable Energy Target
(MRET – the 20/20 target)
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme
(CPRS)
Renewable Energy Development Program
(REDP)
Solar Flagships
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4. Why is renewable energy such a ‘big ask’?
High cost
Risky
Lack of despatchability
Different
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5. Main Renewable Energy Types
Wind Mature
Solar Mature
Biomass Mature
Wave Demonstration
Geothermal Emerging
Tidal Demonstration
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6. WIND
Proven
Available now
The cheapest renewable
Variable
Highly visible
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7. The Modern Wind Turbine
Most common design
used nowadays is;
Three bladed
Up-wind
Horizontal axis
Pitch controlled
Steel, tubular tower
Epoxy/polyester blades
Variable or constant
speed
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8. Photo courtesy Verve Energy
Coral Bay (2007) – tilt down wind turbine
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9. Wind Turbines Are Getting Bigger
30kW 225kW 225kW 600kW 1.8MW 600kW
Photos courtesy Verve Energy
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10. Cathedral Rocks, SA, 2004
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11. SOLAR
Proven
Available now
Next in line?
Predictable output
Load coincident
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12. The Earth’s Sun Belt
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13. Solar Energy – Two Types
Photo Voltaic Concentrating Solar Power
PV CSP
Sunlight to Electricity Sunlight to Heat to Electricity
Heat
Solar Concentrator
Electricity
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14. Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics
PV
Sunlight to Electricity
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15. PhotoVoltaic (PV)
Flat Plate PV
Concentrating PV
Thin Film PV
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16. Solar Systems Ltd. Dish/ PV
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17. CSP
Concentrating Solar Power
CSP
Sunlight to Heat
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18. Main CSP Types
Parabolic Dish Engine
Parabolic Trough
Concentrating
Linear
Fresnel
Reflector
Central Receiver
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19. CSP - Parabolic Trough
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20. CSP - Parabolic Dish (Stirling Engine)
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21. Spain PS10 & PS20 Power Towers
Source: Koza1983
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22. 22 3-Aug-09

23. A Giant Footprint
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24. Wave Energy
WAVE ENERGY
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25. Wave Energy
CONTACT CARNEGIE RE
USE
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26. Dry Hot Rocks
DRY HOT ROCKS
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27. Geothermal – “Hot Rocks”
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28. But it is not all good news
High Cost
Technology Risks
Intermittency
Energy Storage
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29. Costs
Capital Cost
vs
Energy Cost
(Levelised Cost Of Energy)
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30. LCOE
$/kWh
PV
CSP
Wind
Gas
Coal
Time
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31. Technology Risks
Risk of scale-up
Cost overruns
Failure to meet performance targets
Failure to work
These risks affect project BANKABILITY
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32. Despatchability Predictability
Dance Partner
Load Following Energy Storage
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33. The Holy Grail
Energy Storage
Electricity Other
Heat
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34. Hot Salt – Thermal Energy Storage
Electricity
Sunlight
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35. In Conclusion
Future of renewables in WA
Early movers – wind & biomass
Next movers - solar and wave
Major challenges - cost and technology risk
There will be no single winner
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