Options on electoral systems for the Bangsamoro: Basic forms and impact on inclusiveness and stability of the democratic institutions in a ministerial form of government
There are several types of electoral systems for electing representatives. Plurality/first-past-the-post systems are used in the UK, where each constituency elects one member of parliament and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not receive a majority. This system can result in overrepresentation of the largest parties and underrepresentation of others. Majority systems aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% of voters through methods like ranked voting and runoffs. Proportional systems allocate seats to parties based on their overall vote share through closed-list or open-list proportional representation. Hybrid systems combine elements of plurality and proportional systems.
The document discusses different proportional representation (PR) systems used in elections. It describes the additional member system (AMS) used in Scotland, which combines first-past-the-post constituencies with proportional regional lists. Voters elect constituency members by FPTP and regional members through closed party lists proportional to the overall party vote share. The single transferable vote system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference within multi-member constituencies. Party list systems allocate seats to parties based on overall vote share, with candidates taking seats in the order of the party's ranked list.
Elections in the Commonwealth CaribbeanPhilbert John
The document discusses elections in Commonwealth Caribbean countries. It describes how these countries use either a first-past-the-post or proportional representation electoral system. It also outlines the responsibilities of electoral offices in managing elections, what political parties must do to prepare, and factors that influence election outcomes and voter participation such as campaign strategies, issues, and voter attitudes.
This document discusses different voting systems used in elections, including first-past-the-post, supplementary vote, additional vote, and single transferable vote systems. First-past-the-post is used for UK House of Commons elections, where voters select one candidate and the candidate with the most votes wins. Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats proportionally based on votes. The supplementary vote and additional vote systems allow voters to rank candidates, while single transferable vote uses multi-member constituencies and transfers votes from eliminated candidates.
Analysis of the first past -the-post electoral systemKondwani Duwa
The document analyzes Malawi's first-past-the-post electoral system and discusses alternatives. It defines electoral systems and outlines Malawi's system, which uses single-member constituencies. While this provides clear winners, it can result in presidents elected by a minority and wasted votes. The document also discusses a two-round system as an alternative that could provide presidents with majority support and greater legitimacy. It suggests this system, combined with quotas, may better support women's representation and inclusion.
In this article we have explained about the Types of electoral system and Indian electoral system also. There are three Plurality, Majority and Proportional representation system.
This document discusses voter turnout and reasons for low voter turnout. It begins by defining voter turnout as the percentage of eligible voters who cast ballots in an election. It then notes that many established democracies have seen decreasing voter turnout trends. Some key reasons for low turnout discussed include carelessness on election day, religious or social boycotts, lack of information about polling locations, and voter fatigue. The document argues that increasing voter turnout is important to make democracies more representative and that citizens who do not vote lose the right to complain. It concludes by suggesting ways to increase turnout such as making voting easier and increasing voter awareness campaigns.
There are several types of electoral systems for electing representatives. Plurality/first-past-the-post systems are used in the UK, where each constituency elects one member of parliament and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not receive a majority. This system can result in overrepresentation of the largest parties and underrepresentation of others. Majority systems aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% of voters through methods like ranked voting and runoffs. Proportional systems allocate seats to parties based on their overall vote share through closed-list or open-list proportional representation. Hybrid systems combine elements of plurality and proportional systems.
The document discusses different proportional representation (PR) systems used in elections. It describes the additional member system (AMS) used in Scotland, which combines first-past-the-post constituencies with proportional regional lists. Voters elect constituency members by FPTP and regional members through closed party lists proportional to the overall party vote share. The single transferable vote system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference within multi-member constituencies. Party list systems allocate seats to parties based on overall vote share, with candidates taking seats in the order of the party's ranked list.
Elections in the Commonwealth CaribbeanPhilbert John
The document discusses elections in Commonwealth Caribbean countries. It describes how these countries use either a first-past-the-post or proportional representation electoral system. It also outlines the responsibilities of electoral offices in managing elections, what political parties must do to prepare, and factors that influence election outcomes and voter participation such as campaign strategies, issues, and voter attitudes.
This document discusses different voting systems used in elections, including first-past-the-post, supplementary vote, additional vote, and single transferable vote systems. First-past-the-post is used for UK House of Commons elections, where voters select one candidate and the candidate with the most votes wins. Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats proportionally based on votes. The supplementary vote and additional vote systems allow voters to rank candidates, while single transferable vote uses multi-member constituencies and transfers votes from eliminated candidates.
Analysis of the first past -the-post electoral systemKondwani Duwa
The document analyzes Malawi's first-past-the-post electoral system and discusses alternatives. It defines electoral systems and outlines Malawi's system, which uses single-member constituencies. While this provides clear winners, it can result in presidents elected by a minority and wasted votes. The document also discusses a two-round system as an alternative that could provide presidents with majority support and greater legitimacy. It suggests this system, combined with quotas, may better support women's representation and inclusion.
In this article we have explained about the Types of electoral system and Indian electoral system also. There are three Plurality, Majority and Proportional representation system.
This document discusses voter turnout and reasons for low voter turnout. It begins by defining voter turnout as the percentage of eligible voters who cast ballots in an election. It then notes that many established democracies have seen decreasing voter turnout trends. Some key reasons for low turnout discussed include carelessness on election day, religious or social boycotts, lack of information about polling locations, and voter fatigue. The document argues that increasing voter turnout is important to make democracies more representative and that citizens who do not vote lose the right to complain. It concludes by suggesting ways to increase turnout such as making voting easier and increasing voter awareness campaigns.
The document describes different electoral systems used in legislative elections. It discusses the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system where the candidate with the most votes wins. Some countries use a two-round runoff system to ensure the winner receives over 50% of votes. Alternative vote (AV) allows ranking of candidates and eliminates the lowest ranked in rounds until a majority is reached. Multi-member districts elect multiple candidates from a district while single-member districts elect one candidate per district.
The document discusses representation in the UK Parliament and the First Past the Post (FPTP) electoral system. It explains that FPTP involves voting for a candidate in each constituency, with the candidate receiving the most votes winning the seat. It provides the example of Fiona O'Donnell winning the East Lothian constituency for Labour in 2010. The document outlines some strengths of FPTP, such as simplicity and stability of government, as well as limitations, such as votes not translating directly to seats and smaller parties finding it difficult to gain representation.
This document provides information about elections and voting in the UK. It defines key terms like election, manifesto, and mandate. It describes the functions of elections like representation, choosing a government, participation, and accountability. It also outlines different electoral systems used in the UK, including first-past-the-post, alternative vote, supplementary vote, regional list, and single transferable vote. It provides details on the features, advantages, and disadvantages of each system.
Report electoral institutions and political competitionArtemSakh
This document discusses various aspects of electoral systems and political competition. It begins by explaining that electoral institutions have a big impact on a country's political situation. It then defines some key electoral institutions like electoral systems, district magnitude, and candidate selection rules. The document goes on to describe different types of electoral systems including majority, proportional, and mixed systems. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of majority and proportional systems. Finally, the document provides overviews of the presidential election process in the US and the stages of Ukraine's election process.
AS Government & Politics - Regional List Systemkirstyodair
This document summarizes the key features and advantages and disadvantages of a regional list system for electing representatives. The regional list system uses multi-member constituencies divided into regions, where political parties create ranked lists of candidates. Voters cast a single vote for a party, and seats are allocated to parties based on the proportion of votes received, with candidates taking seats based on their rank on the party list. The system promotes proportional representation but weakens the link between representatives and constituents.
The document outlines a proposed electoral reform agenda put forward by the Ateneo School of Government (ASoG) through its PODER program. The agenda aims to address issues like political dynasties, political party development, youth participation, and ensuring free and fair elections. It discusses past reform efforts like the 2002 and 2007 Electoral Reform Summits. The proposed agenda also touches on constitutional reforms, broadening citizen participation, and democratic institution building. It emphasizes that meaningful reform relies on mobilizing citizens and exercising people power.
Election observation is a priority for the Congress of the Council of Europe. It helps to ensure the integrity of elections and build voter confidence at grassroots level.
1) The document discusses four electoral systems - Alternative Vote (AV), Mixed Member Majoritarian (MMM), Mixed Member Proportional (MMP), and Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV).
2) It provides examples of each system using experiences from countries like Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, and a simulated local election in Malaysia.
3) The key aspects of each system are explained including how ballots are structured, how votes are counted, and what outcomes each system tends to produce in terms of representation.
AS Government & Politics - Voting Systemskirstyodair
This document discusses different electoral systems, including First-Past-The-Post (FPTP), Alternative Vote (AV), and Supplementary Vote. It provides examples of how each system would work using sample vote counts. FPTP is described as having advantages of simplicity and strong government, but also exaggerating results and marginalizing some votes. AV and Supplementary Vote aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% by redistributing lower-preference votes. However, AV is still not fully proportional and some question if fringe candidates could influence outcomes.
The document summarizes the key features of Malaysia's electoral system, First Past the Post (FPTP). It explains that FPTP was chosen at independence due to its simplicity and ability to produce stable governments. However, FPTP is problematic as it can result in elected representatives winning without majority support and does not proportionally reflect the popular vote. It also discusses criticisms such as FPTP reinforcing permanent coalitions, and being susceptible to manipulation through malapportionment and gerrymandering. The document concludes that while no system is perfect, Malaysia's 2018 election results indicate a need to reconsider the current electoral system.
Elections for the European Parliament take place every five years in the EU member states. Each country has its own voting system, but they must use a form of proportional representation and cannot have election thresholds over 5%. Most countries use party list PR across the entire state, but some like Belgium and the UK divide into constituencies. Europarties campaign EU-wide and must put forward a candidate for European Commission President. Voter turnout has declined in each election as some see it as a way to punish national governments. Reforms are being considered to make the elections more pan-European and increase voter engagement.
2011 FDA Electoral Fairness Audit of Cameroon's republic presidential electoral system
FDA auditors gave Cameroon an overall electoral score of 2.5%. (50% is the minimum passing grade.)
Tindak Malaysia 2021 Training #2 - Strengthening the Women Representation (fo...Danesh Prakash Chacko
Why increase women representation in Parliament and State Legislative Assembly in Malaysia?
Why women representation in Malaysian political scene is low?
How we can increase women representation in Malaysia political scene?
Presentation Made on 20/2/2021
The document outlines the electoral process for municipal councillors in Cameroon. It specifies that electors must be Cameroonian, over 20 years old, and registered to vote. Those imprisoned for over 3 months or with an arrest warrant cannot vote. Electoral commissions oversee voter registration and distribution of voter cards. Polling commissions composed of government, mayoral, and political party representatives administer elections. Divisonal commissions supervised by high court judges and the National Commission announces final results. Municipal councillors are elected for 5-year terms through a mixed ballot system involving majority and proportional representation.
The document is a final report by the OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission on the 21 June 2015 local elections in Albania. Some key points:
1) The elections took place following the 2014 revision of local government units and established 61 new municipalities, making it an important test for electoral and local government reforms.
2) While fundamental freedoms were respected, the politicization of state institutions undermined the effective administration of the electoral process. The two largest parties dominated the election administration.
3) Election day proceeded largely peacefully, but many irregularities like group voting and proxy voting were observed, raising integrity concerns. The count process was often protracted and not fully transparent.
Options for electoral systems in bangsamoroIAGorgph
Option 4, which involves multi-seat constituencies within existing provinces and proportional representation through provincial party lists, best meets the goals of the electoral system. It encourages genuinely principled political parties while also ensuring accountability of representatives to their constituents in provinces. Minority groups could also achieve representation through inclusion in party lists. This system promotes stable majorities in parliament needed for stable governance in a ministerial system.
This document provides an overview of electoral systems used in the UK, including:
- First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) system currently used, which can result in disproportionate results and a two-party system.
- Alternative systems like the Additional Member System (AMS) used in Scotland and Wales, which combines FPTP and party list voting for proportional representation.
- Single Transferable Vote (STV) system used in Northern Ireland, which allows ranking candidates by preference to ensure proportional representation.
There are several types of electoral systems for electing representatives. Plurality/first-past-the-post systems are used in the UK, where each constituency elects one member of parliament and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not receive a majority. This system favors large parties but can underrepresent others. Majority systems aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% of voters through methods like ranked voting and runoffs. Proportional systems allocate seats to parties based on their overall vote share, better representing smaller parties but potentially increasing chances of coalition governments. Hybrid systems combine elements of plurality and proportional systems.
There are several types of electoral systems for electing representatives. Plurality/first-past-the-post systems are used in the UK, where each constituency elects one member of parliament and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not receive a majority. This system favors large parties but can underrepresent others. Majority systems aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% of voters through methods like ranked voting and runoffs. Proportional systems allocate seats to parties based on their overall vote share, better representing all parties. Hybrid systems combine elements of plurality and proportional systems.
The document discusses electoral politics and elections in India. It provides background on state assembly elections in Haryana in 1987, where the opposition Lok Dal party formed by Chaudhary Devi Lal promised loan waivers and won a majority of seats. It then discusses why elections are needed to choose representatives and form governments, and what makes elections democratic, including universal adult suffrage, multiple parties/candidates, and conducting elections freely and fairly.
The document describes different electoral systems used in legislative elections. It discusses the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system where the candidate with the most votes wins. Some countries use a two-round runoff system to ensure the winner receives over 50% of votes. Alternative vote (AV) allows ranking of candidates and eliminates the lowest ranked in rounds until a majority is reached. Multi-member districts elect multiple candidates from a district while single-member districts elect one candidate per district.
The document discusses representation in the UK Parliament and the First Past the Post (FPTP) electoral system. It explains that FPTP involves voting for a candidate in each constituency, with the candidate receiving the most votes winning the seat. It provides the example of Fiona O'Donnell winning the East Lothian constituency for Labour in 2010. The document outlines some strengths of FPTP, such as simplicity and stability of government, as well as limitations, such as votes not translating directly to seats and smaller parties finding it difficult to gain representation.
This document provides information about elections and voting in the UK. It defines key terms like election, manifesto, and mandate. It describes the functions of elections like representation, choosing a government, participation, and accountability. It also outlines different electoral systems used in the UK, including first-past-the-post, alternative vote, supplementary vote, regional list, and single transferable vote. It provides details on the features, advantages, and disadvantages of each system.
Report electoral institutions and political competitionArtemSakh
This document discusses various aspects of electoral systems and political competition. It begins by explaining that electoral institutions have a big impact on a country's political situation. It then defines some key electoral institutions like electoral systems, district magnitude, and candidate selection rules. The document goes on to describe different types of electoral systems including majority, proportional, and mixed systems. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of majority and proportional systems. Finally, the document provides overviews of the presidential election process in the US and the stages of Ukraine's election process.
AS Government & Politics - Regional List Systemkirstyodair
This document summarizes the key features and advantages and disadvantages of a regional list system for electing representatives. The regional list system uses multi-member constituencies divided into regions, where political parties create ranked lists of candidates. Voters cast a single vote for a party, and seats are allocated to parties based on the proportion of votes received, with candidates taking seats based on their rank on the party list. The system promotes proportional representation but weakens the link between representatives and constituents.
The document outlines a proposed electoral reform agenda put forward by the Ateneo School of Government (ASoG) through its PODER program. The agenda aims to address issues like political dynasties, political party development, youth participation, and ensuring free and fair elections. It discusses past reform efforts like the 2002 and 2007 Electoral Reform Summits. The proposed agenda also touches on constitutional reforms, broadening citizen participation, and democratic institution building. It emphasizes that meaningful reform relies on mobilizing citizens and exercising people power.
Election observation is a priority for the Congress of the Council of Europe. It helps to ensure the integrity of elections and build voter confidence at grassroots level.
1) The document discusses four electoral systems - Alternative Vote (AV), Mixed Member Majoritarian (MMM), Mixed Member Proportional (MMP), and Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV).
2) It provides examples of each system using experiences from countries like Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, and a simulated local election in Malaysia.
3) The key aspects of each system are explained including how ballots are structured, how votes are counted, and what outcomes each system tends to produce in terms of representation.
AS Government & Politics - Voting Systemskirstyodair
This document discusses different electoral systems, including First-Past-The-Post (FPTP), Alternative Vote (AV), and Supplementary Vote. It provides examples of how each system would work using sample vote counts. FPTP is described as having advantages of simplicity and strong government, but also exaggerating results and marginalizing some votes. AV and Supplementary Vote aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% by redistributing lower-preference votes. However, AV is still not fully proportional and some question if fringe candidates could influence outcomes.
The document summarizes the key features of Malaysia's electoral system, First Past the Post (FPTP). It explains that FPTP was chosen at independence due to its simplicity and ability to produce stable governments. However, FPTP is problematic as it can result in elected representatives winning without majority support and does not proportionally reflect the popular vote. It also discusses criticisms such as FPTP reinforcing permanent coalitions, and being susceptible to manipulation through malapportionment and gerrymandering. The document concludes that while no system is perfect, Malaysia's 2018 election results indicate a need to reconsider the current electoral system.
Elections for the European Parliament take place every five years in the EU member states. Each country has its own voting system, but they must use a form of proportional representation and cannot have election thresholds over 5%. Most countries use party list PR across the entire state, but some like Belgium and the UK divide into constituencies. Europarties campaign EU-wide and must put forward a candidate for European Commission President. Voter turnout has declined in each election as some see it as a way to punish national governments. Reforms are being considered to make the elections more pan-European and increase voter engagement.
2011 FDA Electoral Fairness Audit of Cameroon's republic presidential electoral system
FDA auditors gave Cameroon an overall electoral score of 2.5%. (50% is the minimum passing grade.)
Tindak Malaysia 2021 Training #2 - Strengthening the Women Representation (fo...Danesh Prakash Chacko
Why increase women representation in Parliament and State Legislative Assembly in Malaysia?
Why women representation in Malaysian political scene is low?
How we can increase women representation in Malaysia political scene?
Presentation Made on 20/2/2021
The document outlines the electoral process for municipal councillors in Cameroon. It specifies that electors must be Cameroonian, over 20 years old, and registered to vote. Those imprisoned for over 3 months or with an arrest warrant cannot vote. Electoral commissions oversee voter registration and distribution of voter cards. Polling commissions composed of government, mayoral, and political party representatives administer elections. Divisonal commissions supervised by high court judges and the National Commission announces final results. Municipal councillors are elected for 5-year terms through a mixed ballot system involving majority and proportional representation.
The document is a final report by the OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission on the 21 June 2015 local elections in Albania. Some key points:
1) The elections took place following the 2014 revision of local government units and established 61 new municipalities, making it an important test for electoral and local government reforms.
2) While fundamental freedoms were respected, the politicization of state institutions undermined the effective administration of the electoral process. The two largest parties dominated the election administration.
3) Election day proceeded largely peacefully, but many irregularities like group voting and proxy voting were observed, raising integrity concerns. The count process was often protracted and not fully transparent.
Options for electoral systems in bangsamoroIAGorgph
Option 4, which involves multi-seat constituencies within existing provinces and proportional representation through provincial party lists, best meets the goals of the electoral system. It encourages genuinely principled political parties while also ensuring accountability of representatives to their constituents in provinces. Minority groups could also achieve representation through inclusion in party lists. This system promotes stable majorities in parliament needed for stable governance in a ministerial system.
This document provides an overview of electoral systems used in the UK, including:
- First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) system currently used, which can result in disproportionate results and a two-party system.
- Alternative systems like the Additional Member System (AMS) used in Scotland and Wales, which combines FPTP and party list voting for proportional representation.
- Single Transferable Vote (STV) system used in Northern Ireland, which allows ranking candidates by preference to ensure proportional representation.
There are several types of electoral systems for electing representatives. Plurality/first-past-the-post systems are used in the UK, where each constituency elects one member of parliament and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not receive a majority. This system favors large parties but can underrepresent others. Majority systems aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% of voters through methods like ranked voting and runoffs. Proportional systems allocate seats to parties based on their overall vote share, better representing smaller parties but potentially increasing chances of coalition governments. Hybrid systems combine elements of plurality and proportional systems.
There are several types of electoral systems for electing representatives. Plurality/first-past-the-post systems are used in the UK, where each constituency elects one member of parliament and the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they do not receive a majority. This system favors large parties but can underrepresent others. Majority systems aim to elect candidates supported by over 50% of voters through methods like ranked voting and runoffs. Proportional systems allocate seats to parties based on their overall vote share, better representing all parties. Hybrid systems combine elements of plurality and proportional systems.
The document discusses electoral politics and elections in India. It provides background on state assembly elections in Haryana in 1987, where the opposition Lok Dal party formed by Chaudhary Devi Lal promised loan waivers and won a majority of seats. It then discusses why elections are needed to choose representatives and form governments, and what makes elections democratic, including universal adult suffrage, multiple parties/candidates, and conducting elections freely and fairly.
The document discusses electoral politics and elections in India. It provides background on state assembly elections in Haryana in 1987, where the opposition Lok Dal party formed by Chaudhary Devi Lal promised loan waivers and won a majority of seats. It then discusses why elections are needed to choose representatives and form governments, and what makes elections democratic, including universal adult suffrage, multiple parties/candidates, and conducting elections freely and fairly.
An illustrated introduction to how proportional representation voting systems work (from Fair Voting BC). After you've watched this slide show, we suggest you check out our companion slideshow showing a more specific example of how proportional voting might work in Canada (in particular, on the Island of Montreal).
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: PHILIPPINE PARTY LIST SYSTEMjundumaug1
The document summarizes key aspects of the party-list system for electing representatives to the House of Representatives in the Philippines. It describes how the system aims to provide representation for marginalized groups. Registered national, regional, or sectoral parties and organizations can participate by fielding nominees who must meet certain qualifications. The number of seats allocated is 20% of the total House seats. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party-list. Seats are allocated based on the percentage of the nationwide vote each party receives. Party-list representatives have the same rights and terms as district representatives.
The document provides information about the US legislative branch including:
1) There are three reasons for a bicameral legislature - the British model, to settle conflicts between small and large states, and for each house to check the other.
2) The President rarely calls special sessions as Congress is nearly always in session.
3) There are 435 seats in the House of Representatives which holds elections every two years in even numbered years.
1) The document discusses various problems with India's electoral system, including the prevalence of money and muscle power in politics. It notes that around 23% of current MPs have criminal cases against them.
2) Several reforms are proposed to address these issues, including replacing the first-past-the-post system, implementing spending limits for candidates, and increasing transparency in political party funding.
3) The conclusion emphasizes the need to strictly implement laws to prevent criminals from contesting elections and bar convicted criminals from politics for 10 years. Political parties and the public must both take action to reduce the criminalization of politics.
Party List System in the Philippines: An AssessmentTomVillarin
The document discusses and analyzes the party list system of elections in the Philippines established under Republic Act 7941. It provides an overview of key issues regarding who can participate, the 2% threshold and seat allocation formula. It also summarizes the results of the 2019 party list elections, noting trends of business interests and political dynasties dominating as well as Supreme Court rulings expanding participation beyond marginalized sectors.
The document discusses different voting systems used in elections in the UK, US and Belgium. For the UK, it describes the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system used for general elections and other proportional systems. For the US, it outlines the electoral college system for presidential elections and plurality voting for other elections. It also provides details on Belgian elections and voting systems. The document then analyzes the proposed alternative vote (AV) system that was considered in a 2011 UK referendum and debates around reforming the electoral college system in the US.
The document discusses the party-list system of proportional representation in the Philippines. It is a mechanism that allows marginalized groups to gain representation in the House of Representatives. Only registered parties and organizations can participate, including sectoral, political, and sectoral organizations or coalitions. To be eligible as a nominee, one must be a natural-born citizen, registered voter, resident for at least one year, literate, and at least 25 years old. Twenty percent of House seats are reserved for party-list representatives. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party. Votes for each party are tallied nationwide and seats are allocated based on percentage of total party-list votes.
Elections in India are influenced by money power, as large sums of money are required to campaign effectively. Criminal records and assets of candidates are also correlated with election outcomes. Several reforms are needed to improve the electoral system, such as stricter regulations on campaign financing, educating voters, imposing President's rule before elections, and introducing measures like online voting and electronic voting machines to increase transparency. Political parties also need internal reforms and greater accountability. Overall, electoral reforms aim to reduce the impact of money and criminality, and reflect the will of the people more accurately.
The document discusses the need for electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It outlines several issues with the current system such as rampant criminalization of politics and vote-buying. Various organizations like the Election Commission and Association for Democratic Reforms have proposed reforms such as banning candidates with criminal charges, regulating campaign financing and introducing a 'none of the above' option. The document also summarizes the Supreme Court's recent decision to remove protection for convicted politicians. Overall, the document argues that substantial electoral reforms are needed to strengthen democracy and empower citizens in India.
The Main Characteristics Of Alternative Vote, PR List...Sonia Sanchez
The document discusses several electoral systems used around the world including alternative vote, PR list systems, STV, first past the post, and AMS. It provides details on the characteristics of each system. First past the post can result in a candidate winning without a majority. AMS is used in Germany and gives voters two votes, one for their local representative and one for their preferred party. Proportional representation list systems aim to allocate seats proportionally according to the percentage of votes received.
This document proposes electoral reforms to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It discusses problems with the current system such as a lack of transparency, accountability of politicians, and criminalization of politics. The document then proposes innovations to the electoral system such as establishing criteria for candidates, electronic voting that allows voting from anywhere, giving voters the right to reject candidates, and conducting regular confidence votes for elected representatives. The proposed system aims to promote fair elections and ensure that policies made by elected officials actually reflect the aspirations of the people.
The document discusses the need for electoral reforms in India to reduce the influence of money and muscle power in politics. It notes that the current system fails to ensure economic and social justice or reflect the aspirations of excluded groups. It analyzes causes like illiteracy, lack of transparency, criminalization of politics. A proposed innovation includes a mixed electoral system, stricter candidate criteria, electronic voting, and measures for accountability and recalling representatives. The solution aims to stop corrupt practices and ensure that elected officials actually have popular mandate and policy reflects public desires. Challenges to implementation include population size, illiteracy and adhering to ethics.
The document discusses proposed solutions to improve free and fair elections in India. It notes several problems with the current system including that the winning candidate does not always receive an absolute majority of votes, encouraging money and muscle power, and making smaller parties negligible. It proposes solutions like making voting compulsory for some groups, increasing polling locations, educating voters, strengthening local governments, and decriminalizing politics by fast tracking cases against politicians and disqualifying those convicted of crimes. The overall goal is to empower voters and reduce the influence of money and corruption in politics.
1. The document discusses the nominating process and elections in the United States. It outlines five ways candidates can become nominated - self announcement, caucuses, primaries (closed, open, blanket), and petitions.
2. It also discusses when elections are held, methods of voting including absentee/early voting, and innovations in voting technology from machines to online voting.
3. Campaign financing is also covered including sources of funds, regulations on contributions and expenditures from individuals and PACs, and recent reforms like the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.
Similar to Electoral systems: Impacts on stability and inclusiveness of democratic institutions in a ministerial form of government (20)
Proposed Constitution of the Federal Republic of the PhilippinesIAGorgph
This document proposes amendments to the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines to transform it into a constitution for a federal republic. Key proposed changes include recognizing regional autonomy within the framework of national unity, establishing that sovereignty resides in the people and that the goal of the armed forces is to secure the sovereignty of the Federal Republic. It also proposes strengthening local governments and ensuring the autonomy and economic viability of regions. The document provides the full text of revised articles on national territory, declaration of principles, and the bill of rights to reflect the transition to a federal system of government.
Political Transitions After a Peace Agreement: Opportunities for the BangsamoroIAGorgph
Presented by FASTRAC International Advisor Sam Chittick at the Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Roundtable Discussion Series at the Senate of the Philippines on Aug. 17, 2015.
The Institute for Autonomy and Governance is organizing the discussions in partnership with the Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO), Local Government Development Foundation (LOGODEF) and the Senate-Muslim Advocates for Peace and Progress.
Overview of the GPH-MILF Transitional Processes, Structures and TimelinesIAGorgph
This document outlines the transitional processes, structures and timelines for implementing the peace agreement between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). It discusses two key layers of transition: 1) Transition towards implementation, led by the Bangsamoro Transition Commission (BTC) and Third Party Monitoring Team (TPMT); and 2) Transition from the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) to the Bangsamoro, led by the Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA). The BTC will draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law until its enactment, at which point the BTA will serve as the interim governing body in the Bangsamoro during the transition period until the first regular Bang
From ARMM to the Bangsamoro: Issues, Opportunities and PerilsIAGorgph
The document summarizes key issues, opportunities, and challenges in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). It notes that ARMM has the highest poverty rate in the Philippines and has experienced decades of conflict and displacement. Infrastructure like health facilities, schools, police and fire stations are inadequate in many conflict-prone areas of Maguindanao province. Reforms have been implemented in ARMM but devolution of national programs and oversight of local governments remains incomplete. The passage of a new Bangsamoro Basic Law is seen as an opportunity to address structural issues limiting development in ARMM.
Survey of issues on areas of autonomy in Muslim Mindanao and control of natur...IAGorgph
This document summarizes key issues regarding the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) in the Philippines. It outlines territorial and constitutional questions over the definition of the Bangsamoro's ancestral domain and whether neighboring local governments could join. It also discusses options for expansion, the process for opting into or out of the autonomous region, and debates over natural resource control within the territory. Finally, it frames the analysis as reconfiguring autonomous areas in line with agreements and laws while managing majority-minority relations across Mindanao.
From the Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Roundtable Discussion Series of the Institute for Autonomy and Governance (IAG), presentation by Atty. Randolph Parcasio | 6 July 2015, Committee Room 1 Senate of the Philippines
Control and Supervision of Mines and Minerals in the BangsamoroIAGorgph
From the Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Roundtable Discussion Series of the Institute for Autonomy and Governance (IAG), presentation by Atty. Randolph Parcasio | 6 July 2015, Committee Room 1 Senate of the Philippines
This document summarizes a presentation about areas of autonomy in the Muslim Mindanao region and the implications for governance. It outlines the region's history, legal basis, challenges, and classification of agencies. Some key challenges include national government agencies treating ARMM local governments as if there is no autonomy, lack of regional oversight over budgets, and fiscal dependency on the national government. Ways forward include complete devolution of oversight to the region, empowering it over resources, and strengthening transportation and communication systems to improve governance.
From the Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Roundtable Discussion Series of the Institute for Autonomy and Governance (IAG), presentation by Amina Rasul-Bernardo | 6 July 2015, Committee Room 1 Senate of the Philippines
From the Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Roundtable Discussion Series of the Institute for Autonomy and Governance (IAG), presentation by Atty. Rasol Mitmug | 18 June 2015, Committee Room 1 Senate of the Philippines
RATIONALE: Muslim Mindanao Autonomy 7-Series Roundtable DiscussionsIAGorgph
From the Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Roundtable Discussion Series of the Institute for Autonomy and Governance (IAG), presentation by Dean Benedicto Bacani | 18 June 2015, Committee Room 1 Senate of the Philippines
Fundamental Issues on Inter-Governmental RelationsIAGorgph
This document discusses fundamental issues regarding intergovernmental relations between the national government, autonomous regions, and local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines. It presents a working autonomy framework with the president having general supervision over autonomous regions and regional governors having general supervision over provincial governors. The autonomous region is meant to consolidate powers and resources, while LGUs are meant to be basic service providers to communities. Several issues are then raised regarding balancing autonomy, identity, relations, inclusiveness, delineation of powers, and establishing coordination mechanisms between the three levels of government.
The IMT report summarizes its findings from investigating the January 25, 2015 Mamasapano incident between Philippine security forces and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. Key findings include: 1) the police operation was valid but did not follow ceasefire protocols, 2) engagement occurred in an MILF area without required coordination, and 3) both sides likely violated the ceasefire agreement through aggressive actions. The report provides recommendations to clarify protocols, strengthen command and control, and hold accountable any violations of laws of war.
SLIDES: Indigenous Peoples in the Proposed BBLIAGorgph
The document outlines proposed provisions for the Basic Bangsamoro Law (BBL) that are relevant to indigenous peoples. Some key points:
- It recognizes the rights and identities of the Bangsamoro people and other indigenous groups in the region.
- It ensures representation of indigenous communities in the Bangsamoro government through reserved seats and inclusion in transition bodies.
- It protects indigenous customs and traditions, including traditional justice and political systems, land and resource rights, and rights to self-identification.
- The Bangsamoro government will establish offices and ministries to promote and implement programs for indigenous peoples in accordance with their rights.
Presentation by Dr. Peter Koeppinger, resident representative in the Philippines of Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS) at the Institute for Autonomy & Governance - KAS training on political party building attended by senior leaders of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) | Intramuros, Manila | March 27-31, 2014
Presentation by Ms. Cristita Marie Giangan, program manager at the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung at the Trainers' Training for the Development of Bangsamoro Political Party | Best Western Hotel La Corona, Ermita Manila | March 27-31, 2014
How to prepare and conduct an orientation seminar about the party for recruitingIAGorgph
The document provides guidance on conducting an information session or orientation seminar to recruit members for a political party. It discusses important considerations for adult learners, including that they are self-directed, goal-oriented, and want learning to be relevant. It also outlines factors for a successful seminar, such as using interactive teaching methods, addressing real-life issues, and demonstrating democratic values. The document emphasizes that political education is most effective when it builds capacity for both citizens and government officials to strengthen democratic governance.
The essentials in conducting local founding activities for party chaptersIAGorgph
Presentation by Ms. April G. De La Cruz of the Centrist Democracy Political Institute at the Institute for Autonomy and Governance - Konrad Adenauer Stiftung training on political party building attended by senior leaders of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front | Intramuros, Manila | March 28-31, 2014
Political Party Development: External and Internal CommunicationIAGorgph
Presentation by PUBLiCUS Asia Founder and General Manager Malou Tiquia at the Institute for Autonomy & Governance - Konrad Adenauer Stiftung training on political party building attended by senior leaders of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) | Intramuros, Manila | March 27-31, 2014
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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19 जून को बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट ने विवादित फिल्म ‘हमारे बारह’ को 21 जून को थिएटर में रिलीज करने का रास्ता साफ कर दिया, हालांकि यह सुनिश्चित करने के बाद कि फिल्म निर्माता कुछ आपत्तिजनक अंशों को हटा दें।
Apna Punjab Media is a Punjabi newspaper that covers local and global news, cultural updates, and community events. It's a trusted source for Punjabi-speaking communities, offering a mix of traditional values and modern insights into Punjab's vibrant life and heritage.
15062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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यूजीसी-नेट और NEET परीक्षा (कई अन्य के अलावा, 2018 तक सीबीएसई द्वारा आयोजित की जाती थी, जो भारत में सार्वजनिक और निजी स्कूलों के लिए एक राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा बोर्ड था (और है), जिसे भारत सरकार द्वारा नियंत्रित और प्रबंधित किया जाता था।
22062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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विवादास्पद फिल्म के ट्रेलर से गाली-गलौज वाले दृश्य हटा दिए गए हैं, और जुर्माना लगाया गया है। सुप्रीम कोर्ट और बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट दोनों ने फिल्म की रिलीज पर रोक लगा दी है और उसे निलंबित कर दिया है। पहले यह फिल्म 7 जून और फिर 14 जून को रिलीज होने वाली थी, लेकिन अब यह 21 जून को रिलीज हो रही है।
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdfEdouardHusson
Ceci est le projet de traité qui avait été négocié entre Russes et Ukrainiens à Istanbul en mars 2022, avant que les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne ne détournent Kiev de signer.
21062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Shark Tank Jargon | Operational ProfitabilityTheUnitedIndian
Don't let fancy business words confuse you! This blog is your cheat sheet to understanding the Shark Tank Jargon. We'll translate all the confusing terms like "valuation" (how much the company is worth) and "royalty" (a fee for using someone's idea). You'll be swimming with the Sharks like a pro in no time!
Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...The Lifesciences Magazine
Federal authorities have advised the public to remain vigilant but calm in response to the ongoing bird flu outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu.
केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
Electoral systems: Impacts on stability and inclusiveness of democratic institutions in a ministerial form of government
1. Electoral Systems
-Basic forms and impact on inclusiveness and
stability of the democratic institutions
in a ministerial form of government –
Presented by Dr. Peter Koeppinger,
Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung
International Expert on Government Systems
2. Electoral Systems, p2
The parliament in a “parliamentary system” is much
more powerful than in the presidential form of
government because it elects the head of government
and controls the performance of the administration.
For an electoral system “suitable to a ministerial form
of government” (parliamentary system) it is therefore
even more important than in a presidential system that
it provides all relevant groups of citizens with the
opportunity, to have their representatives elected
into the parliament.
3. Electoral Systems, p3
This is also acknowledged by the request in
the FAB that the electoral system “shall allow
democratic participation”.
The electoral system has to avoid situations
in which only the majority of the citizens in
the whole area or in its divided constituencies
have a real chance of getting their
representatives elected.
4. Electoral Systems, p4
However, in order to provide the parliament
with the opportunity of mustering stable
majorities for the election and continuous
support of a stable government
the electoral system has also to avoid
outcomes with a high fractionalization of the
parliament into numerous small groups.
5. Electoral Systems, p5
So – let us have a view on the basic options for
a democratic electoral system (one person,
one vote):
6. Electoral Systems, p6
• Option 1: All members of the parliament are elected in one-seat local
constituencies (districts) by simple majority. In this example you see 40 members of
a regional parliament elected each one in his separate constituency. The election
process is simple: each voter has one vote. Advantage: The constituencies are
small, the voters know the candidates. Risk: Will the winners from the different
constituencies work together in the parliament? What binds them together? Can
genuine political parties play a role – or is it just about representation of local
issues?
7. Electoral Systems, p7
• Option 2: Mixed system direct election and party list, separated. Part of the
members (i.e. 50%) are elected in local districts, the other part through party lists
of genuinely principled political parties for the whole country/region. Each voter
has two votes: one for the representative of his local district, one for a party list.
List
1, 20
per-
sons
List 2,
20
per-
sons
List
3, 20
per-
sons
20 directly elected district representatives
20 representatives from party lists elected
in accordance to their percentage of votes
8. Electoral Systems, p8
Option 3
Party A (blue) wins 45% of the votes = 18 seats, Party B (green)
35% = 14 seats, Party C (pink) 20 % = 8 seats
Party A with
18 seats, 15
Winners in
Districts, 3 top
From its
Party list
Party B with
14 seats,
4 winners in
Districts, 10
Top from its
Party list
Party C
With 8
Seats, 1
Winner
From
District, 7
Top from
Its party list
Mixed system direct elections and proportional
elections combined, each voter has two votes, one in
His district, one for a party list
9. Electoral Systems, p9
Option 4: All members of the regional parliament are elected through party lists of
genuinely principled political parties for the whole country/region. Simple electoral
process: Each voter has one vote. Advantage: genuinely principled political parties will
play a strong role. Disadvantages: Representation of regions/provinces not sure, no
direct accountability to electorate.
40 representatives of party lists elected according their percentage of votes
List 1,
40
persons
List
2, 40
persons
List
3, 40
persons
List
4, 40
persons
List
5, 40
persons
10. Electoral Systems, p10
• Option 4: The election of the members of the parliament takes place in multi-seat constituencies
within the existing provinces through provincial party lists under genuinely principled political
parties in a proportional way. Simple electoral process: Each voter has one vote. Advantages:
Gives parties a strong role in the provinces, where they are strong. Elected representatives are
accountable to citizens in their respective provinces. 40 members of parliament are elected
from provincial party lists according to their percentage of votes in the respective provinces.
Province A
6 representatives
Province B
4 representatives Province C
9 representatives
Province D
11 representatives
Province F
5 representatives
Province E
5 representat.