E-learning refers to learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom. It can involve fully online courses, programs, or degrees delivered via the internet. Key aspects of e-learning include various online learning management systems that allow students to access course materials and interact with instructors and classmates from anywhere. While e-learning has benefits like flexibility, consistency, and retention of materials, it also faces limitations such as electricity outages, slow internet speeds, and a lack of multimedia technologies in some areas. Overall, e-learning has been shown to improve learning outcomes when implemented effectively.

1. E-Learning:
E Learning is learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a
traditional classroom. In most cases,it refers to a course, program or degree delivered completely online.
There are many terms used to describe learning that is delivered online,
1. The internet
2. Ranging from Distance Education
3. to computerized electronic learning
4. Online learning
5. Internet learning and many others.
We define eLearning as courses that are specifically delivered via the internet to somewhere other than
the classroom where the professor is teaching. It is not a course delivered via a DVD or CD-ROM,video
tape or over a television channel. Sometimes it is delivered live, where you can “electronically” raise your
hand and interact in realtime and sometimes it is a lecture that has been prerecorded. There is always a
teacher or professor interacting /communicating with you and grading your participation, your
assignments and your tests. ELearning has been proven to be a successfulmethod of training and
education.
Methods of eLearning:
E Learning resources within the eLearning NC.gov site are related to online, delivery and interaction over
the Internet, using classroom management systems (CMS) such as Blackboard, Model, Vista or Angle.
Using a CMS (and a web browser), students can log in from anywhere in the world to access their class
materials and interact with one another. Each institution uses a specific system, but they are all similar in
their ability to present course material including class syllabus, assignments, quizzes, and provide video
and audio plus a whiteboard screen where the lesson is presented just like it would be on a classroom’s
video screen or blackboard. You can interact with instructors, access course materials and stimulate
debate among your fellow students when it fits your schedule. In most courses,you must keep up with the
scheduled course work. Courses are instructor led and in most instances, follow the same semester
schedule as traditional courses. All specific course information such as how to reach the instructor, what
work is expected, and deadlines to turn in assignments and take tests will be found within your course
site.
Areas of using e learning methods:
The following areas where you can choose eLearning methods based on your requirement and Learning
Pyramid Analysis.
 Self-study. ...
 Video/audio tape: This is the second most common method to create demo video to train the learners. ...
 CBTs and WBTs.
 Blended eLearning /Instructor-led (ILT). ...
 Mobile Learning.

2. Evaluating E-Learning Processes andOutcomes :
Adopting e-learning and its technology requires large investments in faculty, time, money, and space that
need to be justified to administrators and leadership. As with other educational materials, there are two major
approaches to the evaluation of e-learning: process and outcomes.
1. Process evaluation examines an e-learning program’s strengths and weaknesses and how its results
are produced, often providing information that will allow others to replicate it. Peer review is one
type of process evaluation. Traditional peer review for journal articles verifies the quality of content.
2. The evaluation framework outlined by Kirkpatrick in the 1950s and later adapted to health care
education can be used to evaluate e-learning interventions. The Kirkpatrick model defines four levels
of evaluation based on outcome: satisfaction, learning, change in learner behavior, and organizational
change patient outcome. Satisfaction measures learners’ reactions to the material: Was it easy to use,
hard to use, fun, boring, and so forth.
Benefits of eLearning:
1. If you can maintain schedule, pace, place and necessary self-discipline, the benefits of eLearning are
almost too numerous to count.
2. The material can be covered when you have time, go over all without traveling to the classroom.
3. Without domestic expenses you can take the class from any location with internet access.
4. There have been many studies showing that eLearning students retain the material to a significantly
greater degree than face-to-face instructor led classes.
5. The content delivery is consistent and can be easily repeated if needed to gain a better understanding.
Process of E learning:
E-learningisa wayof deliveringinstructionthroughcomputerandlearning.Varioustermssuchascomputer
basedtraining,onlinelearningandvirtual learning andwebbasedlearningare usedassynonymous.

3. Limitations to use e learning:
There are following issue in use of e learning that needs improvements:
 Electricity downfall.
 With limited internet access.
 Low Speed Internet.
 Unavailability of multimedia technology.
 Unavailability of adobe connects for video lectures.
They are well awarded of announcements made by LMS and admire the facilities provided by LMS. An
interviewed student said “It is a good idea that technologies are being used for in education.It may
provide teamwork environments and student will be able to collaborate and approach each other easily”
Further, the students explain that the main issue is electricity failure and low internet access. One student
of computer science department explained “The internet speed is too slow to take a lecture within a
limited time of electricity.” A student of management science pointed out another issue related to e-
learning, s/he said “The course contents are so difficult in such environment where s/he could
not get eBook or any other alternative material.”
The Five eLearning Components:
There are five eLearning Components that are essential for all successfulonline courses.
Understanding these components will help you design and develop a course that meets
computer-based training objectives. The diagram above illustrates how these components
are connected.Each eLearning component plays an important role in designing an online
course.Among all of the components,none plays a larger role than the Audience.
Audience:
From concept to implementation, the audience is a critical factor in the process of
developing online courses.Everything designed and developed should be done with
the audience in mind. One of the first steps in the ADDIE process is to conduct an
audience analysis.This analysis will help you to determine the basic structure of the
other four elearning components.As you begin to develop an online course you
should always consider the following about youraudience:
 Expectations: You need to know the expected outcomes of the training or course that you develop
 Learning abilities (prerequisites): need to know about the audience's learning abilities and if
there are prerequisite topics required for the course or training. For example, if you are creating a
course on how to build a car, the learner should have some mechanical aptitude or knowledge of
how a car functions first before learning how to build a car.
 Available hardware/software: understanding the capabilities of the learner to access and view
your course.For example, if you intend to include audio in your course, it is important to know if
your audience has the appropriate hardware and software to hear the audio.
 Learning Environment: Anothercritical part of the analysis phase is to identify the environment
of your audience.
 Job Responsibilities: As an instructional designer, and especially as an e learning developer, you
must know the job responsibilities of your audience

4.  Preferences: This is one of the most overlooked areas when learning about your audience. Your
audience will always have a preference in how they learn.
Course Structure:
Course structure refers to how a course is designed for e-learning. The structure of a
course plays a critical role in how your audience learns the material. Storyboarding is a
great way to build your course structure.Consider the following items when structuring
your course:
 Group content into logical modules.
 Avoid creating modules that exceed 8-10 pages.
 Incorporate interactive concepts.
 Use pictures/graphics to help explain ideas, concepts, or statements.
Page Design:
Like the importance of charm and charisma of the classroominstructor, the page design of an online course is
critical to the learning process.How a page is designed can have a huge impact on the learning experience of your
audience. Consider some of the following tips when formatting your course:
 Navigation must be intuitive..
 Appearance must not hinder the learning process.
 Balance between text and graphics is critical.
 White space is good.
 Consistency is golden (includes fonts, layouts, and pop-ups).
 Ease of scanning information is imperative.
 Chunking information is crucial.
Content Engagement:
Because e-learning is a self-study medium, interacting with the learner becomes more important than most types of
training forums. Content engagement refers to how the learner interacts with content of the course.Because studies
have shown that the learning experience is greatly enhanced when exercises or activities
are incorporated into the learning process, content engagement is critical.
 Use hyperlinks for additional concepts, explanations, or definitions.
 Incorporate interactive graphics such as animations or simulations.
 Provide additional options/choices for the learner.
 Incorporate quizzes, tests, skill assessments.
 Create fun activities such as games or other educational methods of
interactive learning..
 Keep activities focused on the course objective.
 Avoid letting the technology overshadow the course objectives.

5. Usability:
Many creative ideas are discarded because they do not work. Likewise, a well-organized e
learning course can be ill-received if it does not function properly. Usability refers to the
testing of e learning content and applications.
 Verify that all links work properly
 Ensure that activities function as designed
 Inspect content to ensure that grammar and spelling are correct
 Ensure that graphics are visible
 Verify that the course works appropriately in all applicable server environments
 Verify that screen resolution works for the intended audience (e.g., 800X600, 1024X768)
 Verify that course objectives and expectations are met
Impact of e learning on teaching learning process:
As we now that the impact of anything has two conditions: firstly positive than as well as negative.
The positive impact on teaching learning process is:
 Improve efficiency both in learning and teaching
 Increases motivation
 Deepens understanding
 Gives new approach to learning and working
 Provides new for personality development
 Increases socialskill
 Creates interest in learning
The negative impact of e learning is:
 One of the largest negative effects is the loss of a person’s job. This has economic consequences,
lose of income, and social consequences,loss of status and self esteem.
 Being able to work from home is usually regarded as being a positive effect of using e learning,
but there can be negative aspects as well, e.g. distance learning and on_ line tutorials.
 A third negative effect is that users may adopt a more sedentary lifestyle.
How to make e-learning more effective:
Provision of the listed points will improve E-learning effectively.
• Availability of hardware (particularly computers)
• Faster Internet connectivity/improved bandwidth
• Improved software
• Appropriate policies favoring e-learning
• Provision of technical support for e-learning at a range of scales
• Lower prices for connectivity
• Availability of reliable electricity

6. • Appropriate content in appropriate languages
• Awareness raising about the value of e-learning
• Improved training for teachers in e-learning at all levels.
E-Learning in Pakistan:
In Pakistan, e-Learning is promoting but with lots of issues and challenges. The government is trying to
resolve these issues. There are many public and private institutions providing e-Learning, wider spread is
Virtual COMSATS University Virtual Campus and Virtual University of Pakistan (VUP) both are
providing synchronous and asynchronous learning techniques. The Virtual COMSATS University Virtual
Campus is one of the growing institutions in e-Learning, providing higher education all around the
Pakistan through its study centers. Study centers are providing educational help, computer, internet
facility and study material. LMS and satellite technology are used as ICT tools. The LMS includes Video
lectures, handouts, course content, e Books, live sessions, MDBs,GDBs, assignments, quizzes, lab
sessions, SMS service and email service. Students are also facilitated by cellular phones and video
conferencing. As a developing country there are some issues in e-learning.
 Lake of computer awareness
 Low broadband speed
 Concept of less worth of degree through e-Learning
 Few content materials
 Hard to access digital libraries
 Load shedding of electricity
Conclusion:
E-learning is a large and growing market with great potential in higher education. (Means et al, 2009). In
his empirical study from 1996 and 2008 concluded that students using e-learning performed better than
students who did not use e-learning. The students who performed best were those who received blended
learning. In order to maximize this potential, e-learning implementations should endeavor to satisfy the
needs and concerns of all stakeholder groups as much as possible.