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1. SENTENCE
CONSTRUCTION

12. . Simple Sentences
A simple sentence contains one independent clause. An independent clause has a
subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought.
Examples:
•She ran fast.
(Subject: "She", Predicate: "ran fast")
•The dog barked.
(Subject: "The dog", Predicate: "barked")
Key Points:
•A simple sentence can have a single subject and predicate.
•It can also have compound subjects or predicates, but it still only has one independent
clause.
Example with compound subject: two or more
•John and Mary are going to the market.
(Compound subject: "John and Mary", Predicate: "are going to the market")
Example with compound predicate:
•She cooked dinner and cleaned the kitchen.
(Subject: "She", Compound predicate: "cooked dinner and cleaned the kitchen")
In a sentence, a verb is a part of the predicate, which is the part of the
sentence that expresses what the subject does:
•Verb: A verb expresses an action or occurrence.
•Predicate: The predicate is the part of the sentence that expresses what the
subject does, and it always includes a verb. The predicate can also include
descriptive words that modify the verb.

13. 2. Compound Sentences
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating
conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — FANBOYS) or a semicolon.
Examples:
•I wanted to go swimming, but it started raining.
(Independent clause 1: "I wanted to go swimming", Independent clause 2: "it started
raining")
•She likes coffee, and I like tea.
(Independent clause 1: "She likes coffee", Independent clause 2: "I like tea")
Key Points:
•Each independent clause in a compound sentence could stand alone as a simple
sentence.
•The clauses are usually joined with coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) or a
semicolon.
Example with semicolon:
•I have a lot of homework; I can't go to the movies.

14. 3. Complex Sentences
A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent
(subordinate) clause. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It
starts with a subordinating conjunction (e.g., because, although, since, if, when, while,
after, etc.).
Examples:
•I stayed home because it was raining.
(Independent clause: "I stayed home", Dependent clause: "because it was raining")
•Although she was tired, she finished her work.
(Independent clause: "she finished her work", Dependent clause: "Although she was
tired")
Key Points:
•The dependent clause provides additional information but cannot stand alone as a
complete sentence.
•Common subordinating conjunctions include: because, although, since, after, if, when,
unless, while, etc.

15. 4. Compound-Complex Sentences
A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause. It combines the features of both compound and complex sentences.
Examples:
•I was hungry because I missed breakfast, but I didn’t have time to eat lunch.
(Independent clause 1: "I was hungry", Dependent clause: "because I missed breakfast",
Independent clause 2: "I didn’t have time to eat lunch")
•Even though it was raining, we went for a walk, and we enjoyed it.
(Independent clause 1: "we went for a walk", Dependent clause: "Even though it was
raining", Independent clause 2: "we enjoyed it")
Key Points:
•This sentence type combines multiple independent clauses with at least one dependent
clause.
•The independent clauses are connected with coordinating conjunctions or a semicolon,
while the dependent clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction.

18. Part 1: Identify the Sentence Type
Read each sentence below and choose whether it is
Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound-Complex.
1.I went to the store, and I bought some milk.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex
2.After the rain stopped, we went outside to play.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex

19. 3.She loves reading, but her brother prefers watching movies.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex
4.I finished my homework before dinner.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex
5. The dog barked loudly because it was excited, and the cat ran
away.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex

20. 6. He is an excellent musician, and he has won
many awards.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex
7. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex

21. 8. Although I studied hard, I didn’t do well on the test.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex
9. The boy who won the race is my cousin.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex
1.I wanted to go to the concert, but I didn’t have enough money, so I
stayed home.
a) Simple
b) Compound
c) Complex
d) Compound-Complex

22. Part 2: Write Your Own Sentence
For each sentence type, write an example
sentence:
11.Write a simple sentence.
12.Write a compound sentence.
13.Write a complex sentence.
14.Write a compound-complex sentence.

23. Answer Key:
1.b) Compound
2.c) Complex
3.b) Compound
4.c) Complex
5.d) Compound-Complex
6.b) Compound
7.c) Complex
8.c) Complex
9.c) Complex
10.d) Compound-Complex