This document provides an overview of basic concepts for environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines key terms like "impacts" and "baseline situation." The EIA process begins with understanding the proposed activity and its development objective. It then involves screening the activity to determine the appropriate level of analysis. A preliminary assessment may be conducted for activities of moderate or unknown risk to identify impacts and necessary mitigation measures. For very high risk activities, a full EIA study is required, which involves more detailed analysis of alternatives and impacts. Public participation is an important part of transparent and effective EIA.
Environmental Impact Assessment is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Project ManagementJoy Bhattacharjee
Environmental Impact Assessment is a systematic process by which we can identify what will be the future consequences of a projected or recent actions.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Baseline data is a significant part of EIA. As the proverb says "Look before you leap". Every environmental aspect should be considered before initiating each and everything. The baseline should be well-known about an environment.
Environmental Impact Assessment is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Project ManagementJoy Bhattacharjee
Environmental Impact Assessment is a systematic process by which we can identify what will be the future consequences of a projected or recent actions.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Baseline data is a significant part of EIA. As the proverb says "Look before you leap". Every environmental aspect should be considered before initiating each and everything. The baseline should be well-known about an environment.
The Department of Environment has approved this faulty EIA submitted by the Power Development Board. The project would be implemented by the governments of Bangladesh and India.
The presentation outlines the social, environmental and economic impacts of BRT systems. Dr. Anjali Mahendra, from EMBARQ India led the session on June 24, 2014 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, part of Workshop on Quantifying the Environmental, Social, and Economic Benefits from BRT Systems. The two-day workshop was organized by the Asia LEDS Partnership and hosted by the Malaysia Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD), with additional funding from the USAID and the LEDS Global Partnership Transport Working Group, and support from Clean Air Asia, EMBARQ.
Land acquisition order to setup a 1320 MW coal based thermal power plant in Rampal near Sudarbans, the largest Mangrove Forest of the world and a world heritage site declared by UNSECO, was issued on 27 December 2010. The Joint venture agreement to set up the power plant was signed between Indian company NTPC and Bangladeshi company PDB on 29 January 2012. And the EIA was published on January 2013 in the PDB website for public opinion. That means EIA has been done after selecting and finalizing the site where as the very purpose of any EIA is to select a site among many alternatives and decides whether the project on that site is environmentally viable or not. The experts and various organizations present in a people’s consultation arranged by PDB on April 2013, has already rejected the EIA, the department of environment has not approved the EIA yet but the government of Bangladesh and India are still continuing the project, currently land filling activities is going on which is being implemented by Bangladesh Diesel Plant(BDP), a subsidiary of Bangladesh Army.
Environmental conservation is becoming increasingly important given the current scenario of booming industries in India. Businesses more than ever before, are expected to behave in a sustainable manner through improved environmental assessment and management. A sustainable business results in value creation for the company, its employees, customers, shareholders and the society as a whole. Therefore, before undertaking any project or major activity, it is important for you to undergo Environmental Impact Assessment.
EIA is an important tool to make sure the healthy of our environment. It helps us to sustain our environment healthy for long run as well as benifit for our human as much as possible
HOW PROJECT IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION AND STAK...Abraham Ncunge
An Educational presentation on Enviromental Assessment
A short introduction over what is EIA, its objectives, its process advantages and challeges Kenya and the world.
Enviromental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process which ensures that allenviromental mattersare taken into account in the early stages of the project that is at planning process.
All aspects of the project are taken into consideration e.g technical,economical and traditional aspects , impact on local people and biodiversity
1) EIA – Definition, History and Objective.
2) Reasons for using EIA
3) Key elements of EIA
4) Benefits of an EIA
5) Major Environmental Issues
6) PROCEDURE FOR EIA
7) IMPACT OF A PROPOSED PAPER INDUSTRY
8) Impact Mitigation
9) Key components of Monitoring
10) Public Involvement in the EIA Steps
11) Hierarchy in EIA
12)Impact indicators
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been described by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) as a method for assessing the potential environmental, social, and economic consequences of a proposed action. Its purpose is to provide decision-makers with information about the potential environmental implications of a project early in the planning and design process so they may choose an approach that will have the least negative influence on the environment.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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In EIA, the term
“impacts” is used
instead of “effects
of activities.”
What is an
impact?
Review: Definition of EIA
Environmental
Impact Assessment is
A formal process for identifying:
•likely effects of activities or
projects on the
ENVIRONMENT, and on
human health and welfare.
•means and measures to
mitigate & monitor these
impacts
Environment is
broadly interpreted:
physical, biological,
and social.
3. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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What is an impact?
The impact of an activity is
a deviation (a change)
from the baseline situation
that is caused by the
activity.
To measure an impact, you
must know what the
baseline situation is.
!
The baseline
situation is the
existing
environmental
situation or
condition in the
absence of the
activity.
The baseline
situation is a key
concept in EIA.
More…
4. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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The baseline situation
In characterizing the
baseline situation,
many environmental
components MAY be
of interest
Water Quantity, quality, reliability,
accessibility
Soils Erosion, crop productivity,
fallow periods, salinity,
nutrient concentrations
Flora Composition and density of
natural vegetation,
productivity, key species
Fauna Populations, habitat
Special Key species
ecosystems
Env Health Disease vectors, pathogens
The components of
interest are those that
are likely to be affected
by your activity—or
upon which your
activity depends for its
success
5. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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The baseline situation
The baseline situation is
not simply a “snapshot.”
Describing the baseline
situation requires describing
both the normal variability in
environmental components &
current trends in these
components.
time
Watertable
This chart of
groundwater levels
shows both variability
and a trend over time.
Both are part of the
groundwater baseline
situation.
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Types of impacts & their attributes
Direct & indirect
impacts
Short-term & long-
term impacts
Adverse & beneficial
impacts
Cumulative impacts
The EIA process is
concerned with
all types of impacts and
may describe them in a
number of ways
Intensity
Direction
Spatial extent
Duration
Frequency
Reversibility
Probability
But all impacts are
NOT treated
equally.
7. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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! It is ESSENTIAL in EIA
to focus on the most
significant impacts.
Don’t waste effort & time
analyzing and discussing
impacts that are less
important.
Specifically,
8. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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What is an activity?
ACTIVITY:
market access
road
rehabilitation
ACTIONS:
Survey, grading, culvert
construction, compaction,
etc. . .
a desired
accomplishment or
output
E.g.: a road, seedling
production, or river
diversion to irrigate
land
An activity is:
Accomplishing an activity
requires a set of actions
We are discussing the impacts of activities.
What are activities?
A project or program may
consist of many activities
9. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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The EIA process
• Scope
• Evaluate baseline situation
• Identify & choose alternatives
• Identify and characterize potential
impacts of proposed activity and
each alternative
• Develop mitigation and monitoring
• Communicate and document
Phase I:
Initial inquiries
Phase II:
Full EIA study
(if needed)
Our focus!
•Understand
proposed activities
•Screen
•Conduct preliminary
assessment (if
needed)
10. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA Process
Screen the
activity
Based on the
nature of the
activity what
level of
environmental
review is
indicated?
Conduct a
Preliminary
Assessment
A rapid,
simplified EIA
study using
simple tools
(e.g. the
USAID IEE)
ACTIVITY IS
OF MODERATE
OR UNKNOWN
RISK
SIGNIFICANT
ADVERSE
IMPACTS
POSSIBLE
SIGNIFICANT
ADVERSE
IMPACTS
VERY UNLIKELY
ACTIVITY IS LOW
RISK (Of its nature,
very unlikely to have
significant adverse
impacts)
ACTIVITY IS
HIGH RISK (Of its
nature, likely to have
significant adverse
impacts)
Phase IIPhase IUnderstand
proposed
activity
Why is the
activity being
proposed?
What is being
proposed?
BEGIN
FULL EIA
STUDY
STOP
the EIA
process
11. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA process:
Understand the proposed activity
Understand
the proposed
activities
Why is the
activity being
proposed?
What is being
proposed?
ALL EIA processes begin with
understanding WHAT is being proposed,
and WHY.
The question
“WHY IS THE ACTIVITY BEING PROPOSED?
Is answered with the development objective (D.O.).
“If we don’t
understand
it, we can’t
assess it!”
“building a road”
“increasing access
to markets”
We must understand the
Development Objective to identify
environmentally sound alternatives
Not a D.O.!
Is a D.O.
12. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA process:
Understand the proposed activity
Understand
the proposed
activities
Why is the
activity being
proposed?
What is being
proposed?
Once we understand the development
objective, we must fully understand
WHAT is being proposed.
“Oops. I
forgot about
the borrow
pit.”
This includes associated actions!
PRIMARY ACTIVITY:
construction of diversion dam &
irrigation canal
ASSOCIATED ACTIONS:
• Survey
• negotiate land tenure
• construct borrow pit
• establish construction camp
• construct temporary
diversion structure
• dispose of soil, debris
13. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA process:
Screen the activity
Screen each
activity
Based on the
nature of the
activity, what
level of
environmental
analysis is
indicated?
SCREENING is the process of asking
a very basic set of questions about
the nature of activity.
These questions:
•do NOT require analysis.
•do NOT require detailed knowledge
about the proposed sites, techniques or
methods
Example screening questions:
Does the activity involve:
• Penetration road building?
• Large-scale irrigation?
• Introduction of non-native
crop or agroforestry species?
14. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA process:
Screen the activity
Screen each
activity
Based on the
nature of the
activity, what
level of
environmental
analysis is
indicated?
screening classifies the activity into
a RISK CATEGORY:
VERY LOW RISK
VERY HIGH RISK
MODERATE OR
UNKNOWN RISK
EIA process ends
Do full EIA study
Do preliminary
assessment
The outcome of the
screening process
determines the next step
in the EIA process
15. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA process:
Screen the activity
Each donor agency
and national EIA law
has its own set of
screening questions.
!
Screening is the topic
of an upcoming
module
16. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA process:
The Preliminary Assessment
Conduct a
Preliminary
Assessment
A rapid,
simplified EIA
study using
simple tools
(e.g. the
USAID IEE)
The purpose of a preliminary
assessment is to provide
documentation and analysis that:
Screening
determines
whether the
preliminary
assessment is
necessary
!
• Allows the preparer to
determine whether or not
significant adverse impacts are
likely
• Allows the reviewer to agree or
disagree with the preparer’s
determinations
• Sets out mitigation and
monitoring for adverse impacts
17. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 1 of the EIA process:
The Preliminary Assessment
Typical Preliminary
Assessment outline
1. Background (Development
objective, list of activities)
2. Description of the baseline
situation
3. Evaluation of potential
environmental impacts
4. Mitigation & monitoring
5. Recommended Findings
For each activity it covers, a
preliminary assessment has 3
possible findings:
•The project is very unlikely
to have significant adverse
impacts. (EIA process ends)
•With specified mitigation
and monitoring, the project
is unlikely to have
significant adverse impacts
•The project is likely to have
significant adverse impacts
(full EIA study is required)
18. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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What is mitigation?
Mitigation is. . .
The implementation of
measures designed to
reduce the undesirable
effects of a proposed
action on the
environment
Mitigation is the topic of
an upcoming module!
19. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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To arrive at findings:
Identify, Predict and Judge
Identify potential
impacts
Judge the
significance of
potential impacts
Predict potential
impacts
Arriving at the FINDINGS in a preliminary
assessment requires 3 steps:
Many resources describe the potential
impacts of typical small-scale activities.
Determine which potential impacts are likely
to become actual, and quantify these
impacts to the extent possible.
1
2
3 Determine whether the predicted impacts are
indeed significant!
THIS WILL OFTEN DEPEND ON HOW
EFFECTIVE THE PROPOSED MITIGATION
MEASURES ARE!
20. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Present tools to assist
in identifying &
predicting impacts
Discuss the factors
involved in judging
significance
Subsequent modules. . .
21. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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We only proceed to
Phase II of the EIA process
if
Phase I indicates that
a FULL EIA STUDY
is required
!
Most small-scale activities do
not require a full EIA study!
22. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 2 of the EIA process:
The Full EIA study
The full EIA study has
very similar objectives
and structure to a
preliminary
assessment.
However, the full EIA
study differs in
important ways:
A formal scoping process
precedes the study to ID
issues to be addressed
Analysis of environmental
impacts is much more
detailed
Alternatives* must be
formally defined. The
impacts of each
alternative must be
identified & evaluated,
and the results compared.
Public participation is
usually required.
A professional EIA team
is usually required.
!
!
!
*includes the project as
proposed, the no-action alternative
at least one other real alternative
!
23. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Phase 2 of the EIA process:
The Full EIA study
With a few additions, the
basic outline of the
preliminary assessment is
the template for the steps
involved in a full EIA study:
Scope
Evaluate baseline
situation
Identify & choose
alternatives
Identify and characterize
potential impacts of
proposed activity and
each alternative
Compare alternatives
Develop mitigation and
monitoring
1. Background (Development
objective, list of activities)
2. Description of the baseline
situation
3. Evaluation of potential
environmental impacts
4. Mitigation & monitoring
5. Recommended Findings
Basic steps of the full
EIA study
Communicate&Documentthroughout
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In summary,
The full EIA study is a far
more significant effort than
the preliminary assessment.
It is reserved for activities for
which screening or the
preliminary assessment
shows that significant
impacts are likely.
Phase 2 of the EIA process:
The Full EIA study
25. ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit
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Who is involved in EIA?
Sponsor of the activity
(usually commissions/conducts the
EIA)
Regulatory agencies/
Review authorities
Broad-based public
Public consultation is usually
only REQUIRED for full EIA
studies.
However, it is good practice
for preliminary assessments
because:
• Predicting impacts is
FACILITATED by broad-
based public consultation;
Judging significance is very
difficult without it.
• Transparency and
accessibility require
disclosure to stakeholders
Communities (men & women)
Civil society
Private Sector
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EIA is undertaken early enough
to affect project design
Mitigation and monitoring
developed in the EIA process is
implemented.
Making EIA effective
To be an effective tool for
ESD, EIA must be:
a integral part of the
project development
cycle.
Honest
Transparent &
accessible
The full EIA study must
consider real alternatives
Impacts must be assessed
honestly.
The EIA products must be clear
and accessible to key actors.
Editor's Notes
Aspects of the environment:
Physical: soil & water resources, air quality
Biological: fauna, flora, ecosystem
Social: human health and welfare, culture, religion, and local values
Or: Economical, social and eco-systemic
For example, an ecotourism activity might depend on water level in watering holes---but this environmental component is not in fact affected by your activity.
Note that the difference between ACTIVITIES and ACTIONS is discussed in
Are these questions indicative of low-risk or high-risk activities
Predicting impacts can involve Quantitative analysis (simulation models, statistical analysis, etc)
It almost always involves qualitative analysis (professional judgment, intuitive reasoning, etc)
The purpose of a Full EIA study is not to find that impacts will not be significant. Its purpose is to allow an informed decision to be made about which significant environmental impacts may be acceptable to obtain a particular development objective. The preliminary assessment cannot serve this function.
![Basic Concepts for
Assessing Environmental
Impacts
[DATE][SPEAKERS NAMES]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/eiabasicconcepts15dec05-150219005154-conversion-gate01/85/Eia-basic-concepts_15_dec05-1-320.jpg)
