This document summarizes Egypt's approach to developing informal settlements. It outlines 3 stages of development programs from 1994-2008 that provided basic services and restricted growth. The current Informal Settlements Development Facility aims to ensure safe housing, especially in unsafe areas, through governorates' action plans. It discusses international commitments to improve slum housing, the scale of informal areas in Egypt, classification criteria, national development plans, programs to improve various risk levels, partnerships, and two local development practices.

1. Egyptian Cabinet of MinistersInformal Settlements Development FacilitiesEgyptian CabinetEgyptian Approach to Informal Settlements DevelopmentI S D F Dr. SherifAlgohary& Prof. Ali El-FaramwyISDF, Egyptian CabinetE mail: TA&CB@ISDF.GOV.EGIDRC Davos 2010

2. ContentEgyptian CabinetInformal Settlements Development Programs.

3. International Commitments towards Informal Settlements Development.

4. Scale of Informal Settlement in Egypt.

5. Policies of Informal Settlements Development .

6. Informal Settlements Development Facility Themes.

7. Local Development Practices.

8. Conclusions.I S D F

9. Informal Settlements Development Programs First Stage: 1994 - 2004 Informal Settlements Development ProgramProviding Basic Urban Services (electricity, municipal cleanliness, water, sanitary drainage, road paving) for about 325 informal areas and developed 13 deteriorated areas with expenditure total cost 3.2 Billion L.E. Second Stage: 2004 - 2008 Informal Settlements Belting Program Focusing on supporting local government in preparing detailed plans to enable development efforts for restrict the growth of informal areas. Third Stage: Informal Settlements Development FacilityA presidential Decree # 305/2008 for establishment ISDF.

10. Priority for Unsafe Areas.

11. The main goal of ISDF is to contribute to ensuring safe housing in Egypt.

12. The main objective is to improve the quality of life of the residents in unsafe areas.Deweka Disaster (October 2008)

13. International Commitment Towards Unsafe Areas DevelopmentInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights:Egypt ratified on 1982 , It states in article 11.

14. Ensure the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions.

15. safe housing as main human right and adequate standard of living.

16. Determine factors of adequate housing, food and clothing.Millennium Development Goals (MDG) :Adopted by the UN member states in 2000

17. “Target 11”. One of the three targets of Goal 7 “Ensure Environmental Sustainability,” Target 11 is aiming that: “By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers”. Planned SlumsScale of Informal Areas in EgyptUnsafe Areas:Unplanned AreasSlums areas are 60% of urban areas Density 500 person/ fadden.Building heights 4-10 floors.Provides optimum level of safe housing.Needs long term development.Unsafe areas are 5% of urban areas. Density 200 person/ fadden.Building heights 1-2 floors.Doesn’t provide safe housing.Needs immediate intervention.Unsafe areasUnplanned areas

18. Classification Criteria of Unsafe AreasGrades are ordered according to degree of risk, thus the higher risk overrules the lower,

19. National Plan for Development of Unsafe AreasPreparation Phase Pilot Projects Phase1 / 2009National Phase1 / 2010 Preparation of financial regulations and rules of Fund.

20. Setting Goals and reference frame for the activities.

21. Review legislative framework for activities. - Building the regulatory framework and the provision of the provision of human resources of the Fund. - Allocation of resources of the Fund from the State fund. - Resources Development of non-traditional Fund. - Building geographical information database system of unsafe areas.- Classification of consultants, experts and NGOs. - Preparation of agreements with stakeholders (Endowments - Associations - research centers ...). - Preparation of scientific studies (electricity / Geology / Water and Sanitation / legislative framework ... etc.)1 / 20102017 / 2020Preparation of action plans for the development of unsafe areas in governorates (35 action plans in 19 governorates).- Provide technical assistance and institutional capacity development.- Follow-up operational plans for national projects (facilities - Housing initial care ...).- Supporting the finance of the principle of cost recovery for the implementation of development projects.- The preparation of the national plan for the development of unsafe areas.

22. Implementation of action plans for unsafe areas.- Monitoring and evaluation of progress in achieving the objectives.- Expansion of activities.National Map of Unsafe Areas WWW.ISDF .INFO

23. National Map of Unsafe Areas Mashtool El-Suq – Sharqia Governorate Safe Areas Unsafe AreasPlanned Areas Unplanned Areas

24. National Map of Unsafe Areas Khalf El-Shouna Area- Mashtool EL-Souq City- Sharqeya GovernorateLocation of the Area in relevance to the city

25. Urban ProgramsUnsuitable shelter conditions areas program (Grade 2)

26. Life threatening areas program (Grade :1)Governmental Authorities31 AreasState Land91 areasRest of Governorates 19 areas 16 areasPrivate Lands 159 areasPrivate Land - Assuit GovernorateState land - Qalyoubia GovernorateMuqatam Area, ManshietNaser, Cairo GovernorateRailway Authorities – KafrAlshekh Governorate

27. Urban ProgramsUnsuitable conditions areas program on state lands (Grade 2) Self finance 6 areas Partial finance 10 areas AfterBeforeAdded value 75 areasZerzara Area, Port Said Governorate (Added Value Area)Social Value Areas (No Cost Recovery)Total expenditure cost 3.9 Billion L.E. Development Cost 19.8 Billion L.EAdded Value 15.9 Billion L.EAdded Value AreasProvide Fund

28. Urban ProgramsImprove areas of high risk sources for public health (Grade 3)

29. Improve legal instability of tenure (Grade 4)Governmental Authorities2 AreasPrivate Lands49 areasGovernmental Authorities5 AreasState Lands 17 areasState Lands 15 areas Helwan GovernorateFayoumGovernorate

30. Urban ProgramsRelationships Between Urban Programs: Time frame for Intervention: Life threatening areas (Grade 1) needs immediate intervention.

31. Unsuitable conditions areas (Grade 2) needs rapid intervention.

32. Health risk areas (Grade 3) needs improvement according to central authorities programs.

33. Instability areas (Grade 4) according to priorities of local governorates.Finance Mechanism: Both unsuitable conditions areas with added values and instability areas provide financial resources that can be targeted for improvement of unsafe areas projects which have no cost recovery, as well as improving areas which have lack of utilities and instability in tenure areas

34. Partnership and CooperationInstitutional FrameworkInformal Settlements Development Facility (ISDF)Local GovernorateLocal AuthoritiesCommunity

35. Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Technical InstitutesPreparation of strategies. Action plans.Project Implementation.Local AuthoritiesImplementation of action plans .

36. Action plans follow up.

37. Project management.NGOsEvaluation of community needs.

38. Mobilization of civil society.

39. Project implementation follow up.MEDIADocumentation of community needs.

40. Public follow up of project implementation.

41. Encouraging kind and financial contributions.Monitoring and Evaluation Project level (Project manager to governorate)Monitoring implementation of project activities.Local Level (Governorates to ISDF)In-kind follow up.

42. Financial follow upCentral Level (General Organization for Planning to ISDF)Preparation of strategic plans for unplanned areas.

43. Preparation of detailed action plans for unplanned areas.

44. Providing lands for low income.National Level (ISDF to Prime Minister)Progress indicators for the followings:

45. Development of unsafe areas.

46. Effective partnership and cooperation.

47. Capacity building of stakeholders in preparation and implement of action plans.

48. Financial resources development.Resources of FinanceThe national program for development of unsafe areas is depending on different resources of finance which include the followings: • The State Budget with total amount of 1.1 Billion Egyptian pounds (about 200 Million $)• A fund from the Ministry of Housing from its National Housing Program (NHP) for low cost housing, which will support the ISDF program for the construction of 25,000 new units with total cost about 2,1 Billion Egyptian pounds (about 400 Million $). • The Land Based finance from the development of governmental lands which had a cost recovery with total amount of 17 Billion Egyptian pounds.• The Self Finance of the governmental authorities which own the lands such as railways authority, irrigation authority, Awkaf authority and Antiques authority with total amount of 450 million Egyptian pounds (about 90 Million $) • International cooperation funds presented to the Egyptian government from development agencies , donor countries , international financial institutions and organizations with total amount of 300 Million Egyptian Pounds (about 60 Million $).

49. Local Development PracticesZienhum Area- CairoAims to develop of Zienhum slum areaStakeholdersCairo Governorate.

50. Red Crescent Society.

51. Business men.Strategy of Intervention: Redevelopment of the area on 3 stages by replacement and renewal method.

52. Evacuating the 1st sector of residents outside the study area and locating them in temporarily units in El-Nahda area (El-Salam), then final relocation in the developed area after implementing the first stage.Development Results: Providing 348 units for 1st stage.

53. Providing 948 units for 2nd stage (A-B) in addition to 14 shop and women social center and mosque.

54. Providing 696 units for 3rd stage.Local Development PracticesFuture Society Organization Project - GizaAims to develop of the slums area which include an average population of 3000 resident. Strategy of intervention: Building of trust with the community by 3 medical campaigns in 2004.

55. Running on site survey in order to get real information about the community and evaluation of their needs.

56. Building of 11 residential building for those who used to live in shared units or slums.

57. Social services organization with the government. Development Results: The project was constructed on 4 stages which include: Providing housing for 3000 inhabitant in new units.

58. Construction of medical center, social services center, 5 children centers, and different socio-economic programs for women and children. Local Development PracticesEl- Darb El -Ahmar Project - CairoAims to implement community development projects in order to improve the urban, social and economic standards of slums areas and encourage the inhabitants to participate in the development process.Stakeholders: Cairo GovernorateAga-khan FoundationSocial Development Facility Supreme Council of Antiquities Strategy of intervention: Rehabilitation of housing, public buildings, infrastructure, public spaces and the restoration of monuments in the area.

59. Develop and improve the health and environmental services, education and providing opportunities for recruiting and free vocational and professional training .Local Development PracticesAbu-Qatada Area, Boulaq El-Dakrour- Giza The project aims to find practical solutions for the rehabilitation of residential buildings and improve the physical environment in Abu Qatada District Boulaqe Al- Dakrur.StakeholdersGiza Governorate

60. GTZ

61. EECAStrategy of intervention: Creating an urban pattern through development project.

62. Encouraging the owners of houses in financial contribution .

63. Creating a successful model for repetition in other areas .

64. Improving the level of living through building capacities of the inhabitants and their participation in the development process. Local Development PracticesImproving of 13 Slums Areas - DamiettaThe project aims to improve of 13 slums areas and constructing the ring road along 8 km with a width of 22 m as a development axis.Strategy of intervention: Moving high voltage power lines away from residential area by 10-12 m.

65. Changing high voltage power lines with under ground lines.

66. Construction of a new roads with 22 m width .

67. Urban Rehabilitation of housing in the area. Ring road penetrating 13 slums areasImprovement Results: Improving the level of living by providing 5000 job opportunities in furnishing production.

68. Environmental enhancement and the disposal of garbage areas.

69. Reduction of health hazards risks from high-voltage power lines. ConclusionsThe newly Egyptian approach developed by the ISDF, has been replaced the formerly called ‘slums’ or ‘informal settlements’ with the two distinctive terms of ‘unplanned areas’ and ‘unsafe areas’ and classify the later according to the degree of risk to life and property. The ISDF approach is very useful in identifying priorities for intervention; based on the distinction between unsafe areas and unplanned areas, the former requires immediate action, while the later requires either a medium or long term strategy.3) The national map of Unsafe areas of Egypt had identified the unsafe areas in all urban centres of Egypt which include 404 unsafe urban areas with approximately 850 thousands inhabitants.4) The ISDF has currently initiate phase 2 of the national plan for development of unsafe areas and it includes preparation of the action plans in 35 unsafe areas all over Egypt, and it starts implementation in early 2010 to finalize the development of these areas by year 2020.

70. Informal Settlements Development FacilitiesEgyptian Cabinet of MinistersThank YouDr. SherifAlgoharyManger of Technical assistant and Building Capacity UnitISDF, Egyptian CabinetE mail: TA&CB@ISDF.GOV.EG2, June 2010IDRC Davos 2010