This document provides information about industrial effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It defines ETPs and explains why they are needed to treat industrial effluent before release or reuse. The major treatment units in an ETP are described, including preliminary (screening, grit removal), primary (sedimentation, clarification), secondary (activated sludge process, trickling filters), and tertiary (filtration, disinfection) treatments. Specific unit processes like neutralization tanks, equalization tanks, and aerobic/anaerobic digesters are also outlined.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the concept of ETPs and why they are needed to treat effluent prior to release into the environment. It then describes the major treatment units used in ETPs, including preliminary treatment to remove solids and oils, primary treatment using sedimentation tanks, secondary biological treatment using methods like activated sludge process, and tertiary treatment using filtration and disinfection. Key processes and components of an ETP are screening, grit removal, equalization, neutralization, trickling filters, UASB reactors, and various filtration options.
It is important & most useful presentation about ETP.
Created By: 131 TE-2 batch student
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)
Textile Engineering Department
Course: Bangladesh Studies
This document describes the key processes involved in an effluent treatment plant (ETP). It discusses preliminary treatment including screens, grit chambers, and oil/grease removal. Primary treatment consists of sedimentation tanks and clarifiers. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge or trickling filters. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration and may include carbon filters or disinfection. The major treatment units in an ETP are preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments.
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.
Effluent treatment plant design, operations and analysis of wastewater, this is describe all that and it also told about the effluent treatment plant manufacturers. It is for both student and industries. If you have any query, contact us. I have 10 plus year experience about effluent treatment plant. So that I share my experience with people. I want to help people with my experience.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It explains that ETPs treat wastewater from industrial or commercial activities before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use various treatment units like screens, sedimentation tanks, and biological processes to remove pollutants. Primary treatment removes solids while secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment can further purify the water using techniques like filtration and ion exchange. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of common unit operations in ETPs.
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment processes. It describes the types of industrial effluent and provides an overview of common sewage treatment processes. These generally include pre-treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove settleable materials, secondary treatment using biological processes to break down organic matter, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced nutrient removal. The goal is to produce a treated effluent that is safe to release into the environment and a treated sludge that can be disposed of or reused.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the concept of ETPs and why they are needed to treat effluent prior to release into the environment. It then describes the major treatment units used in ETPs, including preliminary treatment to remove solids and oils, primary treatment using sedimentation tanks, secondary biological treatment using methods like activated sludge process, and tertiary treatment using filtration and disinfection. Key processes and components of an ETP are screening, grit removal, equalization, neutralization, trickling filters, UASB reactors, and various filtration options.
It is important & most useful presentation about ETP.
Created By: 131 TE-2 batch student
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology (BUFT)
Textile Engineering Department
Course: Bangladesh Studies
This document describes the key processes involved in an effluent treatment plant (ETP). It discusses preliminary treatment including screens, grit chambers, and oil/grease removal. Primary treatment consists of sedimentation tanks and clarifiers. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge or trickling filters. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration and may include carbon filters or disinfection. The major treatment units in an ETP are preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments.
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.
Effluent treatment plant design, operations and analysis of wastewater, this is describe all that and it also told about the effluent treatment plant manufacturers. It is for both student and industries. If you have any query, contact us. I have 10 plus year experience about effluent treatment plant. So that I share my experience with people. I want to help people with my experience.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It explains that ETPs treat wastewater from industrial or commercial activities before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use various treatment units like screens, sedimentation tanks, and biological processes to remove pollutants. Primary treatment removes solids while secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment can further purify the water using techniques like filtration and ion exchange. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of common unit operations in ETPs.
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment processes. It describes the types of industrial effluent and provides an overview of common sewage treatment processes. These generally include pre-treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove settleable materials, secondary treatment using biological processes to break down organic matter, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced nutrient removal. The goal is to produce a treated effluent that is safe to release into the environment and a treated sludge that can be disposed of or reused.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants. It describes effluent as liquid waste flowing from various sources and outlines the key stages of industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include pre-treatment, screening, grit removal, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced cleaning. Sludge produced is also treated and disposed of safely.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the need to treat effluent to prevent environmental pollution. It describes the major treatment units in ETPs, which include preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove heavier particles, and secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge or trickling filters to break down organic matter. The document contains detailed information about the individual processes and units used at each stage of treatment in an ETP.
The document discusses the multi-stage process of wastewater treatment. It includes pre-treatment to remove large debris, primary treatment to allow solids to settle and remove oils and grease, secondary treatment using bacteria to break down biological materials, and tertiary treatment to remove additional pollutants through methods like filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection before environmental release.
The document discusses the multi-stage process of wastewater treatment. It begins with pre-treatment to remove large debris through screening and grit removal. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to separate solids and floatables. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection before water is discharged.
This document discusses wastewater and its treatment. It defines wastewater as used water from domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities. It describes the types of pollutants found in wastewater, including chemical, physical and biological pollutants. The document then discusses the objectives and various stages of wastewater treatment processes, including primary treatment techniques like screening and sedimentation, as well as secondary treatment processes like activated sludge, trickling filters and aerated lagoons. Finally, it notes that wastewater treatment aims to reduce pollutants and allow water to be safely discharged or reused.
✓Waste water is a term that is used to describe waste material that includes....
Food scraps
Oil and soaps.
Human wastes.
Industrial wastes.
Sewage waste that is collected from urban areas.
WASTE WATER AND THEIR TREATMENT (PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY)
BOD and sewage water treatment processSamiaSalman1
The document discusses wastewater treatment processes. It describes that wastewater undergoes preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment to remove settleable solids through sedimentation, and secondary treatment using biological processes like trickling filters, activated sludge, or oxidation ponds to further reduce organic matter. It then provides details on the steps and purposes of preliminary treatment, primary treatment, and some secondary treatment options.
The document discusses the key principles and processes involved in industrial wastewater treatment. It begins by outlining the various sources and uses of water in industries and how this leads to wastewater. It then describes the important goals of industrial wastewater treatment as disposal or reuse of effluent while managing water pollution. The document proceeds to detail the major treatment steps, including physical, chemical, and biological processes, and concludes by discussing final disposal methods.
This document discusses the treatment of municipal waste and industrial effluents through various biological processes. It describes the four main treatment processes: 1) preliminary treatment to remove solids, 2) primary treatment using sedimentation to remove settleable organic materials, 3) secondary or biological treatment using microorganisms to break down dissolved and suspended organic matter, and 4) tertiary or advanced treatment for additional removal of nutrients or contaminants. Key biological treatment methods discussed include activated sludge processes, trickling filters, and rotating biological contactors.
This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETP) and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It discusses various sources of industrial wastewater and treatments for removing solids, oils, biodegradable organics, and other contaminants like acids, alkalis, and toxins. Key treatment methods include neutralization, precipitation, filtration, activated sludge processes, and trickling filters. The document focuses on best practices for removing different types of pollutants from wastewater produced by various industries.
This document provides an overview of various mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, and advanced treatment processes used in industrial wastewater treatment plants. It describes processes like screening, sedimentation, flotation, neutralization, chemical precipitation, activated sludge, trickling filters, anaerobic digestion, and membrane separation. It also includes diagrams of processes like API separators, CPI units, dissolved air flotation systems, and sequential batch reactors. At the end, it proposes a possible flow diagram for an industrial wastewater treatment plant incorporating several of these treatment steps and technologies.
The document summarizes the treatment scheme for waste water generated from dairy industries. It describes the various sources and characteristics of the waste water including high levels of organic material, BOD and COD. It then outlines both conventional and emerging treatment methods for the waste water, including physical processes like screening and sedimentation, chemical processes like coagulation and adsorption, and biological processes like aerobic treatment and anaerobic digestion. The treatment methods aim to reduce pollutants and produce treated water and by-products that can be recovered and utilized.
Sewage is comprised of about 99.9% water and 0.1% solid or dissolved wastes from households, industries, and stormwater runoff. Sewage undergoes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater safe for release. Pretreatment screens and filters remove large solid objects, while primary treatment uses sedimentation to remove about half the total solids. Secondary treatment further breaks down organic matter using trickling filters, activated sludge systems, filter beds, or rotating biological contactors. Membrane bioreactors can also be used for secondary treatment and achieve higher removal rates than conventional activated sludge. The byproduct of sewage treatment is sewage sludge
An Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is critical to handling one of the most serious environmental issues of our time: pollution control. Industrial activities generate large amounts of wastewater, known as effluents, and these effluents frequently contain harmful chemicals that can harm the environment and public health. ETPs provide a critical solution by treating and purifying these effluents prior to their safe discharge into the environment. In this blog, we are providing how the Effluent treatment plant working.
Conventional wastewater treatment involves primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary treatment stages. Primary treatment uses settling tanks to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses microbes and oxygen to break down remaining organic matter. This usually involves an aeration tank and secondary clarifier. Tertiary treatment may further remove nutrients or other contaminants through methods like filtration, carbon adsorption, or phosphorus/nitrogen removal. Sludge from primary and secondary clarifiers undergoes anaerobic digestion to reduce pathogens and volume before disposal or reuse.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs), which treat industrial wastewater before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove pollutants from wastewater and make it free of impurities. The treatment involves preliminary, primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary stages to purify the water by removing suspended solids, BOD, COD, oil, grease and other parameters to meet government standards for safe release. The document also provides details about various treatment units and processes used at each stage.
The document describes the key components and processes of an effluent treatment plant (ETP). The ETP treats industrial wastewater in multiple stages including preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge, and tertiary/advanced treatment using techniques like sand filters to further polish the water before discharge or reuse. The ETP aims to clean industrial effluent to reduce freshwater usage and allow safe release of water back into the environment while meeting pollution standards.
Design of 210 Mld Sewage Treatment PlantARUN KUMAR
This document provides details on the design of a 210 million liter per day sewage treatment plant. It discusses the need for the plant to treat sewage and prevent pollution. It then describes the three main stages of sewage treatment - primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves removing solids and debris. Secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down dissolved organic matter. Tertiary treatment further polishes the water with methods like filtration and chlorination before discharge.
This document discusses sustainable wastewater treatment. It begins by defining wastewater and its sources. It then describes different types of wastewater and various treatment methods including physical, chemical, and biological unit operations and processes. Common wastewater treatment systems including preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment are also outlined. Finally, it discusses sustainable treatment types such as lagoons/wetlands and anaerobic digestion and their advantages for wastewater treatment and reuse.
Industrial waste water purification procedurepasindulaksara1
The effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a method that is used to treat the emanation coming out from many areas of the plant. It includes biological, physical, and chemical processes. It aims to releasing safe water into the environment to prevent it from getting cop0ntaminated. These plants are have been very useful in the process of providing clean water to the environment and have conserved water in a number of ways.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants. It describes effluent as liquid waste flowing from various sources and outlines the key stages of industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include pre-treatment, screening, grit removal, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced cleaning. Sludge produced is also treated and disposed of safely.
The document provides information about effluent treatment plants (ETPs). It discusses the need to treat effluent to prevent environmental pollution. It describes the major treatment units in ETPs, which include preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove heavier particles, and secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge or trickling filters to break down organic matter. The document contains detailed information about the individual processes and units used at each stage of treatment in an ETP.
The document discusses the multi-stage process of wastewater treatment. It includes pre-treatment to remove large debris, primary treatment to allow solids to settle and remove oils and grease, secondary treatment using bacteria to break down biological materials, and tertiary treatment to remove additional pollutants through methods like filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection before environmental release.
The document discusses the multi-stage process of wastewater treatment. It begins with pre-treatment to remove large debris through screening and grit removal. Primary treatment uses sedimentation to separate solids and floatables. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge to break down organic matter. Tertiary treatment provides additional filtration, nutrient removal, and disinfection before water is discharged.
This document discusses wastewater and its treatment. It defines wastewater as used water from domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities. It describes the types of pollutants found in wastewater, including chemical, physical and biological pollutants. The document then discusses the objectives and various stages of wastewater treatment processes, including primary treatment techniques like screening and sedimentation, as well as secondary treatment processes like activated sludge, trickling filters and aerated lagoons. Finally, it notes that wastewater treatment aims to reduce pollutants and allow water to be safely discharged or reused.
✓Waste water is a term that is used to describe waste material that includes....
Food scraps
Oil and soaps.
Human wastes.
Industrial wastes.
Sewage waste that is collected from urban areas.
WASTE WATER AND THEIR TREATMENT (PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY)
BOD and sewage water treatment processSamiaSalman1
The document discusses wastewater treatment processes. It describes that wastewater undergoes preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment to remove settleable solids through sedimentation, and secondary treatment using biological processes like trickling filters, activated sludge, or oxidation ponds to further reduce organic matter. It then provides details on the steps and purposes of preliminary treatment, primary treatment, and some secondary treatment options.
The document discusses the key principles and processes involved in industrial wastewater treatment. It begins by outlining the various sources and uses of water in industries and how this leads to wastewater. It then describes the important goals of industrial wastewater treatment as disposal or reuse of effluent while managing water pollution. The document proceeds to detail the major treatment steps, including physical, chemical, and biological processes, and concludes by discussing final disposal methods.
This document discusses the treatment of municipal waste and industrial effluents through various biological processes. It describes the four main treatment processes: 1) preliminary treatment to remove solids, 2) primary treatment using sedimentation to remove settleable organic materials, 3) secondary or biological treatment using microorganisms to break down dissolved and suspended organic matter, and 4) tertiary or advanced treatment for additional removal of nutrients or contaminants. Key biological treatment methods discussed include activated sludge processes, trickling filters, and rotating biological contactors.
This document provides an overview of common effluent treatment plants (CETP) and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It discusses various sources of industrial wastewater and treatments for removing solids, oils, biodegradable organics, and other contaminants like acids, alkalis, and toxins. Key treatment methods include neutralization, precipitation, filtration, activated sludge processes, and trickling filters. The document focuses on best practices for removing different types of pollutants from wastewater produced by various industries.
This document provides an overview of various mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, and advanced treatment processes used in industrial wastewater treatment plants. It describes processes like screening, sedimentation, flotation, neutralization, chemical precipitation, activated sludge, trickling filters, anaerobic digestion, and membrane separation. It also includes diagrams of processes like API separators, CPI units, dissolved air flotation systems, and sequential batch reactors. At the end, it proposes a possible flow diagram for an industrial wastewater treatment plant incorporating several of these treatment steps and technologies.
The document summarizes the treatment scheme for waste water generated from dairy industries. It describes the various sources and characteristics of the waste water including high levels of organic material, BOD and COD. It then outlines both conventional and emerging treatment methods for the waste water, including physical processes like screening and sedimentation, chemical processes like coagulation and adsorption, and biological processes like aerobic treatment and anaerobic digestion. The treatment methods aim to reduce pollutants and produce treated water and by-products that can be recovered and utilized.
Sewage is comprised of about 99.9% water and 0.1% solid or dissolved wastes from households, industries, and stormwater runoff. Sewage undergoes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater safe for release. Pretreatment screens and filters remove large solid objects, while primary treatment uses sedimentation to remove about half the total solids. Secondary treatment further breaks down organic matter using trickling filters, activated sludge systems, filter beds, or rotating biological contactors. Membrane bioreactors can also be used for secondary treatment and achieve higher removal rates than conventional activated sludge. The byproduct of sewage treatment is sewage sludge
An Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is critical to handling one of the most serious environmental issues of our time: pollution control. Industrial activities generate large amounts of wastewater, known as effluents, and these effluents frequently contain harmful chemicals that can harm the environment and public health. ETPs provide a critical solution by treating and purifying these effluents prior to their safe discharge into the environment. In this blog, we are providing how the Effluent treatment plant working.
Conventional wastewater treatment involves primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary treatment stages. Primary treatment uses settling tanks to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses microbes and oxygen to break down remaining organic matter. This usually involves an aeration tank and secondary clarifier. Tertiary treatment may further remove nutrients or other contaminants through methods like filtration, carbon adsorption, or phosphorus/nitrogen removal. Sludge from primary and secondary clarifiers undergoes anaerobic digestion to reduce pathogens and volume before disposal or reuse.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants (ETPs), which treat industrial wastewater before releasing it into the environment. ETPs use physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove pollutants from wastewater and make it free of impurities. The treatment involves preliminary, primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary stages to purify the water by removing suspended solids, BOD, COD, oil, grease and other parameters to meet government standards for safe release. The document also provides details about various treatment units and processes used at each stage.
The document describes the key components and processes of an effluent treatment plant (ETP). The ETP treats industrial wastewater in multiple stages including preliminary treatment to remove solids, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes like activated sludge, and tertiary/advanced treatment using techniques like sand filters to further polish the water before discharge or reuse. The ETP aims to clean industrial effluent to reduce freshwater usage and allow safe release of water back into the environment while meeting pollution standards.
Design of 210 Mld Sewage Treatment PlantARUN KUMAR
This document provides details on the design of a 210 million liter per day sewage treatment plant. It discusses the need for the plant to treat sewage and prevent pollution. It then describes the three main stages of sewage treatment - primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves removing solids and debris. Secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down dissolved organic matter. Tertiary treatment further polishes the water with methods like filtration and chlorination before discharge.
This document discusses sustainable wastewater treatment. It begins by defining wastewater and its sources. It then describes different types of wastewater and various treatment methods including physical, chemical, and biological unit operations and processes. Common wastewater treatment systems including preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment are also outlined. Finally, it discusses sustainable treatment types such as lagoons/wetlands and anaerobic digestion and their advantages for wastewater treatment and reuse.
Industrial waste water purification procedurepasindulaksara1
The effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a method that is used to treat the emanation coming out from many areas of the plant. It includes biological, physical, and chemical processes. It aims to releasing safe water into the environment to prevent it from getting cop0ntaminated. These plants are have been very useful in the process of providing clean water to the environment and have conserved water in a number of ways.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
1. Industrial Microbiology
MRC-511
Dr. Debajyoti Bose, PhD
School of Biotechnology
Research Web Page: https://sustainabilityresearchcentre.wordpress.com/
Contact: debajyoti@shooliniuniversity.com
Cell: +91-98317-80513
3. Concept ofETP
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters that have been
contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the
environment or its re-use.
This effluent contains several pollutants, which can be removed with the help of an effluent treatmentplant.
ETP treat water and make free from all objectionable impurities present in suspension, colloidal or
dissolvedform.
4. Why do we need to treat Effluent?
Toprevent groundwater pollution
Toprotect soil
Toprotect marine life
Protection of public health
Toreuse the treated effluent
For agriculture
For groundwater recharge
For industrial recycle
Solving social problems caused by the accumulation of wastewater
5. Need of ETP in Industry
Manufacturers face strict regulations on discharge and waste.Non-compliance can lead to expensive fees and
operationsinterference.
A wastewater treatment help themto:
Stay in compliance
Reduce transportation and off-site treatmentcosts
Reduce supply costs by recovering production materials out ofthe waste-stream for re-use
Eliminate municipalfees
Eliminate unnecessary water usage during processing
7. PreliminaryTreatment
Preliminary treatment removes gross solids and materials that can be easily collected from the effluent
and can damage or clog the pumpsand skimmers of primary treatmentclarifiers.
These are in-organic materials and insoluble organic pollutants (i.e. large floating and suspended solid
matter, grit, oil & grease) which are inert and cause problems to further chemical and biologicaltreatments.
The presence and sequence of preliminary treatment units aretotally depend upon the characteristic
of effluent that is to betreated.
All preliminary treatment consist of physical separation techniquesby controlling flow rate of effluent.
8. Preliminary Treatment-Screens
Screens are used for removal of large floating and sub-mergedmaterial such as plastic, paper pieces, rubber,
etc. from effluent.
Major objectivesare:
They prevent clogging in pump, pipes and valves, etc.
Prevent to interfere large material in primary and secondarytreatment
units.
Screens are classified in number of ways as follows:
Based on the size of opening- such as coarse, medium and finescreens.
Depending upon shape- such as disc, drum, band,etc.
Based on method of cleaning- such as mechanical ormanual.
10. Preliminary Treatment- Detritors/Scrappers
Detritors are shallow circular ponds used in pre-treatment plants withthe
purpose of grit removal.
Chain or blade type Detritors/scrappers are utilised in anadjacent channel into which the collected
grit is transferred.
Used when the soft and sticky substance, sticks on fixed bars and cannot get through the screen. Grits with
a 6 m diameter are removed in the detritor.
11. Preliminary Treatment- Gritchamber
Grit Chamber is used for removal of inert inorganic material consist of sand, ash, cinder, silt, clay, glass
pieces, etc.
It provides safeguard against ant damage to pumps, pipes and other equipments by avoiding
settling in pipe bends and channels.
The eliminated material is collected from chamber and used for land-filling, road making and on sludge
dryingbeds.
Major objectives:
Protection of pumps, valves, piping,etc.
Minimizing chances of pipe chocking with in-organic inertmaterial.
Preventing grit from occupying volume in primary and biologicaltreatment units.
12. Preliminary Treatment- Skimmingtank
Skimming Tank is used for removal of oil and grease consist of fats, waxes, fatty acids, soaps, mineral oils,
etc. present in emulsified condition in effluent.
These materials have low solubility in water, therefore not readily available for biological treatment and
often accumulate on surface inform of scum causing foulodors.
The efficiency can be improve by aeration, chlorination or vacuum floatation.
Objectives:
Removal of scum (oil & grease) which can otherwise create problemin biological treatment units.
Increases DO content and remove undesirable gases.
Enhances flocculation of suspended particles.
13. Skimming Tank with separated oil & grease at top
Collection of separated oil & grease at edge
14. PrimaryTreatment
Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a inert basin where
heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the
surface.
The settled material go for sludge treatment and floating materials are skimmed off.
The remaining liquid is passed to secondary treatment.
Tanks are usually equipped with mechanically driven scrapers that continually drive the
collected sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank where it is pumped to sludge
treatmentfacilities.
Primary treatment can be either only physical or can be combined with
chemical methods depending upon the effluentcharacteristics.
At this stage, over 70% of the suspended solids and 40% of the BOD is removed from
effluent.
15. Sedimentation Tank(Clarifier)
Sedimentation Tank are designed to remove suspended particles that are heavier than water
through gravitational force by reducing water velocity.
So it’s a solid liquid separation process in which a suspension is separated into two phases –
1. Clarified supernatant leaving the top of the sedimentation tank(underflow).
2. Concentrated sludge leaving the bottom of the sedimentation tank(overflow).
An efficient sedimentation tank can remove about 90% of SS and 40% organic matter with two
hour of detention time.
Objectives:
To remove coarse dispersed phase.
To remove coagulated and flocculated impurities.
To remove precipitated impurities after chemical treatment.
To settle the sludge (biomass) after activated sludge process / tricking filters.
16. Sedimentation Tank(Clarifier)
Factors affecting sedimentation
Characteristics of solid particles- size, shape, specific gravity,concentration, etc.
Characteristics of liquid- temp., viscosity, specific gravity,etc.
Physical characteristics of clarifiers- detention period, shape and depthof basins, flow rate, etc.
Types of SedimentationTanks:
According to shape- Rectangular tank, circulartank
According to direction of flow- Longitudinal and radial flow, verticalflow.
According to nature of working- Fill and draw, Continuousflow
According to method of sludge collection- flat bottom tank with orwithout
scrapper, hopper bottom tank.
The most common are horizontal flow sedimentation tank andcenter-feed circular clarifiers.
18. Clarifloculator
Clarifloculator consist of coagulation (chemical) andflocculation (mechanical) process.
Employed when finely divided SS and colloidal particles nan not be efficiently removed by simple
sedimentation. In such cases chemical assistance is taken.
The chemical used for coagulation are calledcoagulants.
The most common coagulants are Alum, hydrated lime, ferricchloride, ferrous sulfate and PAC (Poly
aluminum Chloride).
19. Coagulation andFlocculation
Coagulation
Coagulation is the conversion of finely dispersed colloids into a smallfloc
with the addition of coagulates.
Coagulation can either be followed by the process of settling or flotation.
Flocculation
The purpose of flocculation is to bring coagulated particles togetherby mechanically inducing a velocity
gradient within a liquid.
Organic polyelectrolyte flocculation aids are effective in promotingsoluble solids removal.
Flocculation improves the removal of finely divided solids bygravity
settling.
21. EqualizationTank
Some industries produce different types of wastes, having different characteristics at different intervals of
time.
Hence, equalization tank is used to mixed different type of effluent thoroughly to produce homogenous
and equalized effluent foruniform treatment.
This are large holding tanks with aeration or mechanical agitation with paddles manually to give better
mixing of the different unit volumes of effluents.
The effluent is hold and mixed for specified period oftime.
23. NeutralizationTank
Neutralization tank is used to provide treatment to highly acidic or highly alkaline effluent trough
neutralizing pH by addition ofchemicals.
Industry require neutralization of discharged effluent when it has as highly acidic and/or highly
alkalineeffluent.
Acidic effluent is usually treated with lime stone or lime-slurry or caustic soda, depending upon the type
and quantity ofeffluent.
Alkaline effluent is neutralized by sulphuric acid or CO2 or wasteboiler flue gas.
24. Secondarytreatment
Secondary treatment is a biological treatment of effluent which is typically performed by indigenous, water-
borne micro-organisms in a managed habitat.
Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended organic (bio- degradable) matter by consuming it as
a food and convert it into new cell mass, energy and CO2.
The most common micro-organisms are bacteria (aerobic or anaerobic), protozoa and rotifers; least
common are fungi andalgae.
After secondary treatment almost 70-90% of BOD and 80-90% of dissolved solids are removed from
effluent.
25. TricklingFilter
In trickling filter treatment, wastewater is sprayed through sprinkling rotating arm on circular beds
consist of 3-10 ft deep coarse media(of crushed stones, gravels or synthetic material).
Microorganisms get attach and grows on the media and results in formation of film of micro-
organisms called zoogloealfilm.
This zoogloeal film consist of millions of micro-organisms breakdowns organic material of effluent into
simple and soluble matter. Treated effluent is drain at bottom from where it is collected then undergoes for
sedimentation(SST).
It is simple to operate and give almost 80-90% of BOD removal with high quality effluent.
26. Trickling Filter with rotating arm
Working of Trickling Filter
Media bed of gravels and stones
27. Activated Sludge Process(ASP)
This is most versatile biological oxidation method employed for the treatment of effluent containing of
dissolved solids, coarse andcolloidal organic matter.
In this method, effluent is aerated in a reaction tank consist of microbial population in suspension form.
Aerobic bacteria degrades effluent into CO2 and H2O for which oxygen is supplied through mechanical
aeration or by diffused aeration system.
The bacterial flora grows and remains suspended in the form of a floc called activated sludge. A part of
sludge is recycled for the same tank to provide an effective microbial population for a fresh treatmentcycle.
Industrial ww require 6 to 24 hours of aeration though which almost90- 95% of BOD can be removed.
28.
29. UP-flowAnaerobicSludgeBlanketReactor(UASB)
UASB system is a three phase settler which separates sludge, liquidand biogas in same tank under high
turbulence without occupying largespace.
Organic matter is degraded under anaerobic conditions by microbes producing methane and CO2.
More effective than conventional aerobic process, produces only 5-10% of sludge. Hence, more popular in
anaerobic treatmentmethods.
30. Raw effluent is introduce from bottom of the reactor flow upward
through a sludge blanket composed of biologically formed granulesor
particles. Treatment occurs as the waste comes in contact with this
granules.
Treated effluent rises to the top along with generated biogas in form of
small bubbles. Treated effluent is collected though overflow weirs and
biogas is collected through a gas collection domes fromtop.
The separated solids falls back through the baffle system on topwhich
allow to settle down SS in the sludgeblanket.
UP-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
Reactor (UASB)
33. TertiaryTreatment
Tertiary treatment is the final treatment, meant for ‘polishing’ theeffluent
and removal of pollutants not removed in primary and secondary
treatment.
These pollutants may include soluble inorganic compounds such as
phosphorous or nitrogen which may support algal growth inreceiving
waters.
Also removes organic materials contributing BOD, COD, color, taste, odor;
bacteria, viruses, colloidal solids contributing turbidity; or soluble
minerals which may interfere with subsequent re-use of the wastewater.
Preferred when treated water is need to be reuse or discharge is intoa
highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem (estuaries, low-flow rivers, coral
reefs, etc).
34. TertiaryTreatment
Tertiary treatment add additional cost to the treatment process but
produce high quality effluent which can be reuse further forcommercial
and industrial applications.
Treated water can be reuse for the irrigation of a golf course, green way
or park, construction work, industrial process, etc. If it is sufficiently
clean, it can also be used for groundwaterrecharge.
Treated water is sometimes disinfected chemically or physically
depending upon the discharging location.
35. Filtration
Filtration is process of removing particulates and bacterial impurities that
could not be removed in earlier treatment, from water by passing it through
a porous medium.
It is used to remove colloidal and other impurities which impart turbidityto
water. Also for disinfection of water by reducing 90% of bacterialload.
It is also used to reduce odor and color by arresting them in filtermedia.
There are various type of filter available to treat certain type of wastewater.
Selection is totally depend upon characteristics of ww, efficiency of
absorbent, flow rate and pollutant to be removed fromww.
36. Sand Filters
Based on Filtration
Rate
Pressure
Filters
Gravity
Filters
Rapid Sand
Filter
SlowSand
Filter
Based on Filter
media Material
Based on Depth of
Filter media
Types of Filters
Anthracite
Filters
Metal Fabric
Filters
Diatomaceous
Earth Filters
Deep Granular
Filters
Pre-coat
Filters
37. Activated Carbon
Filters
ACF consist of activated carbon granules supported by very fine quartz
filter media. Various grades of carbon are available for specialized
treatment of wastewater.
ACF are used to remove free chlorine, organic residues, toxicheavy
metal ions and color fromww.
Most common adsorbents used are activated carbon, peat moss, brown
coal and other cellulosematerials.
This treatment not only improves taste of water but also protectsother
water treatment units such as reverse osmosis membranes and ion
exchange resins from possible damage due to oxidation or organic
fouling.
39. Ion-
exchange
This treatment is used for removal of toxic materials and recoveryof
valuable materials from effluent.
Ion-exchange is only economical when recovered material is reused. So
not economical when objective is only removal of pollutants.
Majorly used for recovery of Cr,Ni, Phosphate and H2SO4, Cu, Pb, Hg and
removal of cyanides from wastewater after Crrecovery.