This document provides an overview of municipal and domestic wastewater treatment processes. It discusses the key microbial processes involved, including biodegradation, bioconversion, and removal/separation processes. Common treatment steps like primary settling, biological treatment, clarification and disinfection are outlined. Specific examples of wastewater treatment plants and processes, such as activated sludge reactors and anaerobic digestion, are also described. The document raises questions around optimizing microbial functions in wastewater treatment and recovering resources from wastewater.

1. Municipal and Domestic Wastewater Treatment The Largest Biotechnology Industry in the World … … and the least understood?

2. Veolia Water N° 1 worldwide for water services; revenue of €12.5 billion for 2008; providing drinking water and wastewater treatment services to more than 139 million people around the world; 93,433 employees; Permanent operations in 64 countries ; Managing close to 4,400 contracts around the world.

7. Henry and Heinke 1989 Environmental science and engineering, Prentice Hall p416 http://www.earthwise.dep.state.pa.us/content/knowledgedocs/pdf/WastewaterCompositionComparisons.pdf Faecal coliform Bacteria (MPN/100ml x106) 50 60 100 Copper (mg/l) 0.14 0.17 0.21 Chromium 0.003 0.01 0.016 Cadmium 0.04 0.08 0.16 Nickel 0.01 0.06 0.11 Lead 0.05 0.1 0.2 Zinc 0.19 0.29 0.38

8. Waste product for treatment and disposal? or Resource to recover and use? Discussion

16. Typical treatment train Settlement Biological treatment Clarification Disinfection Discharge Inflow Remove solids and fats Reduce carbon and nutrients Remove biological solids Reduce pathogens

17. Mangere Wastewater Treatment Plant current Screening Earth Filter clarification Activated sludge Sludge Primary Settling CH 4 gas Anaerobic Digester Dewatering Landfill Effluent Discharge Disinfection: Anthracite filter and UV odor

18. Mangere Wastewater treatment plant:

19. Activated sludge Reactors/Clarifier

21. Sludge treatment – biogas production

23. Classical N cycle Ahn Y-H. Process Biochem 42 2006 p 1709 - 1721

25. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) Ahn Y-H. Process Biochem 42 2006 p 1709 - 1721

27. Nitrite reductase Hydrizine hydrolase Hydrazine dehydrogenase http://www.anammox.com/anammox_mechanism.html Last updated: March 9, 2004

29. Nitrosomonas aerobic denitrification Ahn Y-H. Process Biochem 42 2006 p 1709 - 1721

30. Overall Nitrogen web Ahn Y-H. Process Biochem 42 2006 p 1709 - 1721

31. What happens to Nitrogen at Mangere WTP