Effective treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mumbai,Maharashtra,India.
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.pptx
This document defines and describes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a blood disorder characterized by unusually low platelet counts caused by autoantibodies against platelets. ITP can be acute and resolve within 6 months, typically in children after a viral infection, or chronic and last longer than 6 months in adults. Symptoms include easy bruising, bleeding gums, and internal bleeding. Treatment depends on platelet counts and bleeding risk, and may include thrombopoietin receptor agonists, IVIG, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, platelet transfusions, or splenectomy. Nursing care focuses on preventing trauma and bleeding through safety measures and close monitoring.
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1. An infarct is a localized area of ischemic necrosis that occurs in a tissue or organ due to impaired arterial blood supply or venous drainage.
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2. Signs of blood loss include increased heart rate, low blood pressure, pallor, restlessness, and loss of consciousness. Blood loss is assessed by various methods and fluid resuscitation is critical for management.
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This document defines and describes different types of embolism. It states that an embolism is a detached solid, liquid, or gas mass carried by the bloodstream to a distant site. It then lists and provides details on various types of embolisms including venous (pulmonary), arterial, paradoxical, fat, amniotic fluid, air, and septic embolisms. For pulmonary embolisms, it notes they most commonly arise from deep vein thromboses in the legs and can cause further recurrent embolic episodes. It also provides information on symptoms and causes of fat, air, and amniotic fluid embolisms.
Hemmorrhage
Hemorrhage is the escape of blood from vessels either internally or externally. It must be aggressively managed to reduce shock, organ failure, and death by arresting bleeding rather than fluid resuscitation alone. Untreated hemorrhage can lead to a dangerous cycle of coagulopathy, acidosis, hypothermia, and further bleeding termed "physiological exhaustion." Medical therapy for hemorrhagic shock risks worsening hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy if bleeding is not controlled. Hemorrhage is classified based on degree and location, and treatment depends on shock severity and response to fluids.
Embolism
An embolism is the obstruction of blood vessels by a mass or clot that has detached from its origin and traveled through the bloodstream. Embolisms can be classified based on the material causing the obstruction and the source and direction of blood flow. Common types of embolisms include pulmonary, fat, air, amniotic fluid, and tumor embolisms. Pulmonary embolisms originate in the lower leg veins and are caused by stasis, hypercoagulability, or a saddle embolism. Fat embolisms result from trauma or medical conditions and obstruct arterioles and capillaries. Decompression sickness is a form of gas embolism that affects scuba divers or caisson workers
Snake bite
The document discusses the effects of hemotoxic venom from kraits. The venom causes swelling, damage to cardiovascular and other body tissues, and hypovolemic shock due to increased capillary permeability. Symptoms include drowsiness, ptosis (drooping eyelids), paralysis of facial muscles, difficulty swallowing, and generalized flaccid paralysis. The venom can also cause skeletal muscle breakdown, generalized pain, stiffness, and kidney damage leading to symptoms of uraemia. Treatment involves not vigorously washing the bite site and administering antivenom which can neutralize venom from cobras, Russell's vipers, kraits, and saw-scaled vipers.
Infarction
1) An infarction is the ischemic necrosis of tissue caused by obstruction of arterial blood supply or venous drainage.
2) Infarctions can be classified as red or white based on their color and presence of infection. Red infarctions involve venous obstruction or dual blood supply, while white infarctions occur in solid organs with end-arterial circulation.
3) Hyperemia is an active process of arteriolar dilation that increases blood flow and reddens tissues, while congestion is a passive process resulting from reduced venous outflow that causes tissues to take on a bluish-red color from blood cell stasis.
PVD
This document provides information on peripheral vascular disease (PVD). It defines PVD as a circulation disorder caused by narrowing or blockage of blood vessels outside the heart. Common risk factors include atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Symptoms vary depending on the type of PVD but may include leg pain, skin changes, and ulceration. Diagnostic tests include Doppler ultrasound, angiography, and measuring ankle-brachial index. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery, and sometimes amputation for severe cases. Nursing care focuses on wound prevention, exercise, smoking cessation education, and monitoring for complications.
polmunary embolism(kwrdistan)
A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot lodges in the pulmonary artery of the lungs, blocking blood flow. Risk factors include surgery, prolonged immobility, smoking, pregnancy, and oral contraceptive use. Symptoms range from mild to severe and include difficulty breathing, chest pain, and leg swelling. Diagnosis involves tests like chest imaging, blood gas analysis, pulmonary angiography, and lung scanning. Treatment depends on severity but may include blood thinners, clot removal procedures, or thrombolytic drugs to dissolve clots. Complications can include heart failure, recurrent clots, or bleeding from blood thinners.
Stroke
There are two main types of strokes: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes are caused by blockage of an artery in the brain, usually due to a blood clot or narrowing of arteries from conditions like atherosclerosis. Hemorrhagic strokes result from ruptured blood vessels in the brain that cause bleeding. The most common causes of hemorrhagic strokes are hypertension and cerebral aneurysms, which are bulges or weak spots in artery walls. Symptoms and treatment options vary depending on the specific type and location of the stroke in the brain.
Thrombosis, embolism and infarction
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel or cavity of the heart. Virchow identified three main factors that contribute to thrombosis: endothelial injury, changes in blood flow, and hypercoagulability. Thrombi can propagate or embolize, becoming lodged in another vessel and resulting in infarction of downstream tissue. Infarctions appear pale/white in solid organs and red/hemorrhagic in lungs/other tissues. Over time, infarcted tissue progresses from coagulative necrosis to phagocytosis and scar formation.
Embolic disorders in pregnancy
This document summarizes embolic disorders that can occur during pregnancy, including venous thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism, and their causes, signs/symptoms, treatment, and complications. Venous thromboembolism is caused by Virchow's triad of endothelial damage, venous stasis, and hypercoagulability during pregnancy. It can lead to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Amniotic fluid embolism occurs when amniotic fluid enters the mother's bloodstream and causes respiratory distress, hypotension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Both conditions require emergency treatment and resuscitation to address complications like renal failure and death.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic pupura (ITP)
This document discusses idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by spontaneous bleeding and bruising due to low platelet counts. It describes ITP as being either acute, usually following a viral infection in children, or chronic with insidious onset and no viral history. The pathophysiology involves autoimmune antibodies destroying platelets. Symptoms range from bruising and petechiae to serious bleeding. Diagnosis involves history, exam, platelet count, and ruling out other causes. Management focuses on supportive care, corticosteroids to inhibit antibodies, IV immunoglobulin, splenectomy for refractory cases, and nursing care around bleeding control and prevention of injury.
Infarct
This document discusses infarcts, which are areas of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the arterial supply or venous drainage. It defines infarcts and lists common causes like thrombotic occlusion. It describes different types of infarcts based on color, age, and presence of infection. Pathogenesis involves local hyperemia, edema, hemorrhage, and cellular changes leading to necrosis replaced by fibrous tissue. Gross morphology shows wedge-shaped areas pointing toward the occluded vessel. Microscopy shows coagulative necrosis and inflammatory reaction at the periphery replaced by fibrous tissue. Commonly affected organs and outcomes are also outlined.
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Hemorrhage is the loss of blood from blood vessels. It can lead to shock if severe. The document discusses the definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment of hemorrhage. Treatment involves arresting the hemorrhage through direct pressure, elevation, and other measures. Medical management includes fluid replacement, supplemental therapy, and measures for oxygenation and cardiac function. Nursing care focuses on thorough assessment and monitoring of the patient.
Haemorrhage (original)
This document provides an overview of haemorrhage or bleeding. It defines haemorrhage, describes the normal anatomy of blood vessels and composition of blood. It discusses the different types of haemorrhage including capillary, venous, arterial, primary, reactionary, secondary, revealed, and concealed. It also covers the WHO grading of haemorrhage, classification, causes, signs and symptoms. The document outlines the emergency management of haemorrhage including controlling external and internal bleeding. It concludes with discussing nursing care plans and assessments for patients experiencing haemorrhage.
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This document defines and describes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a blood disorder characterized by unusually low platelet counts caused by autoantibodies against platelets. ITP can be acute and resolve within 6 months, typically in children after a viral infection, or chronic and last longer than 6 months in adults. Symptoms include easy bruising, bleeding gums, and internal bleeding. Treatment depends on platelet counts and bleeding risk, and may include thrombopoietin receptor agonists, IVIG, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, platelet transfusions, or splenectomy. Nursing care focuses on preventing trauma and bleeding through safety measures and close monitoring.
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Disseminated intra vascular coagulation
In disseminated intravascular coagulation, abnormal clumps of thickened blood (clots) form inside blood vessels. These abnormal clots use up the blood's clotting factors, which can lead to massive bleeding in other places. Causes include inflammation, infection and cancer.
Symptoms include blood clots and bleeding, possibly from many sites in the body.
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There can be many causes of hematemesis, such as: bleeding ulcers. prolonged and vigorous retching that causes tears in the esophageal mucosa (known as Mallory-Weiss Syndrome) gastric or intestinal varices.Haematemesis is simply defined as “vomiting blood”. It is caused by bleeding from part of the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract. It has a wide range of possible causes, depending on the site of blood loss and the tissue that is actively bleeding. Hence it is necessary to analyse and treat the condition perfectly , this is brief study about all the aspects hematemesis ,vomiting of blood including etiology, definition,management ,treatment by drugs etc
please comment
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Vomiting blood, also known as hematemesis, refers to vomiting of significant amounts of blood or contents mixed with blood. It can range from minor to very serious and requires determination of the underlying cause. Common causes include ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, cancer, and side effects of medications like NSAIDs. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, endoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause but may include medications to stop bleeding, endoscopic procedures, surgery, blood transfusions, and lifestyle changes. Complications can include further bleeding, anemia, shock, and aspiration.
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This document provides information on hemorrhage (excessive blood loss). It defines hemorrhage and describes the natural process of clotting to stop bleeding. Causes of hemorrhage include wounds, fractures, surgery, and accidents. Stages and classifications of hemorrhage severity are presented. Signs and symptoms ranging from mild pallor to life-threatening shock are outlined. First aid treatments and nursing management of hemorrhage are discussed.
DIC
1) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition where abnormal blood clotting occurs throughout the body's blood vessels, consuming platelets and clotting factors and eventually causing bleeding.
2) DIC is caused by underlying conditions such as infection, injury, cancer or shock and results in microclots forming in small blood vessels.
3) Symptoms of DIC include bleeding, organ dysfunction, and low platelet and clotting factor levels. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause as well as replacing clotting factors and platelets if serious bleeding occurs.
Hemorrhage detailed pathology and route causes of hemorrhage and their manage...
Pathology of hemorrhage it's causes,risk factor, symptoms, prevention and management
How the hemorrhage effect person health and completely understand that you turn the operation theater technology and what is the causes and risk factor of hemorrhage
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Thrombocytopenia ppt Health Advice
This Thrombocytopenia ppt help you in understanding the what is platelet and why it get low count and its causes, signs and treatment, diagnosis, Prevention, Cure and Insurance Coverage, Myths and Facts, FAQs, Home Natural remedies, Medical Advice and everything you need to know.
Read more at: http://www.thebesthealth.org/thrombocytopenia
What is Thrombocytopenia?
Thrombocytopenia is a medical disorder in which a person suffers from a low level of blood platelets. Platelets (or thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that help blood to clot and stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs in the wounds of the blood vessels.
It often occurs as a result of various disorders such as leukemia or an immune system problem. It may be a side effect of taking certain medication and this condition affects both children and adults. It can be a mild and cause few signs or symptoms. In rare cases, the platelets count may occur dangerous internal bleeding.
How is thrombocytopenia treated?
If your doctor feels that there is no serious threat to your health, he or she may choose not to treat thrombocytopenia. Treatment for thrombocytopenia depends on the cause and the effect it has on your health. For example,
Your doctor may switch you to another medication, if you are taking a medication that causes thrombocytopenia
Your doctor may prescribe steroids, immunoglobulin, or other medications, if the cause for thrombocytopenia is problems with your immune system
He may suggest platelet transfusion if your platelet count is extremely low
In some cases, the doctor may remove the patient spleen in order to keep it from destroying platelets. Spleen helps the body fight against infections, removing it may place the person at higher risk for certain types of infections. However several vaccinations are given before the splenectomy to help prevent infection
When to Call the Doctor
Call your healthcare provider if you have:
Headache, confusion, or dizziness
Blood when you cough, or difficulty breathing
Bloody urine, vomit, or bowel movements
Vaginal bleeding after menopause OR unusually heavy vaginal bleeding.
Bleeding
A Brief Seminar with a nice design about bleeding, that prepared by 7 nursing students at the university of sulaimani.
Polycythemia slide
Due to factors such as genetics, smoking, and living at high altitudes, polycythemia causes an increased number of red blood cells which leads to elevated levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment includes phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing education, and addressing pain and nutrition needs.
bleeding disorder
It is caused by the abnormalities of homeostasis, coagulation, characterized by local or extensive skin .
hemorrhage.pptx
Hemorrhage is the loss of blood from the circulatory system. Bleeding can be internal or external. Hemorrhage is classified by severity from Class I to IV based on percentage of total blood volume lost. Direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points are key first aid principles for external bleeding. Internal bleeding requires treatments like IV fluids, blood transfusions, and sometimes surgery. The cause of bleeding could be traumatic injury or underlying medical conditions.
thrombo done1.ppt
This document discusses thrombocytopenia, defined as a low platelet count. It outlines the pathophysiology as increased platelet destruction often due to antibodies against platelet proteins. Risk factors include certain cancers, toxins, infections, and medications. Signs and symptoms range from bruising to internal bleeding. Diagnosis is via blood tests and physical exam. Treatment depends on severity but may include medications to increase platelets, blood transfusions, or splenectomy. Nursing care focuses on prevention of bleeding and infection.
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low platelet counts. It has many potential causes, including decreased platelet production in the bone marrow due to things like cancer, viruses, medications, or liver/kidney disease. It can also be caused by increased platelet destruction, such as in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Symptoms range from bruising and bleeding to internal bleeding in severe cases. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check the platelet count and rule out underlying conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, splenectomy, platelet transfusions, or changing medications that are causing the low platelet count.
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- 1. IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA DEFINITION: Is the condition of having an abnormally low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) of no known cause. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a bleeding disorder in which the immune system destroys platelets, which are necessary for normal blood clotting. CAUSE Idiopathic SIGNS & SYMPTOMS • Acute ITP starts suddenly and usually follows a viral illness in a child. Acute ITP may require no treatment, especially if the platelet count does not fall too low and there is little bleeding. It usually improves spontaneously and, in children at least, rarely comes back. • Chronic ITP develops over time, is long lasting and more common in adults. It may not need treatment if the platelet level doesn't pose a significant risk of bleeding. Any such assessment should take account of your lifestyle, such as participation in contact sports or manual work.
- 2. • Pinpoint red spots on the skin that often are found in groups and may look like a rash. The spots, called petechiae, are due to bleeding under the skin. • Bruising or purplish areas on the skin or mucous membranes (such as in the mouth) due to bleeding under the skin. The bruises may occur for no known reason. This type of bruising is called purpura. More extensive bleeding can cause hematomas. A hematoma is a collection of clotted or partially clotted blood under the skin. It looks or feels like a lump. • Nosebleeds or bleeding from the gums (for example, when dental work is done). • Blood in the urine or stool (bowel movement).Spontaneous formation of bruises (purpura) and petechiae (tiny bruises), especially on the extremities, bleeding from the nostrils, bleeding at the gums, and menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding), any of which may occur if the platelet count is below 20,000 per μl. A very low count (<10,000 per μl) may result in the spontaneous formation of hematomas (blood masses) in the mouth or on other mucous membranes. Bleeding time from minor lacerations or abrasions is usually prolonged. COMPLICATIONS • Subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage (bleeding inside the skull or brain) • Lower gastrointestinal bleeding or other internal bleeding.
- 3. INVESTIGATIONS • A complete blood count (CBC) • Blood clotting tests (PTT and PT) • Bleeding time is prolonged. • Platelet associated antibodies • Later bone marrow aspiration or biopsy is done TREATMENT In some cases spleenectomy is required Document Source: http://www.mindheal.org Mindheal Homeopathy is a leading homeopathic treatment center in Mumbai, India.