Educational Reform in Pakistan

1. Educational Reforms in Pakistan
1

2. Layout
• Introduction
– What/Why Education reform
• Education Reforms
– Constitution Reform
– Education Reform
• Provincial Educational Reforms
• Why all reforms didn't work properly
2

3. Reforms
• Reform is a Latin word
– “Make changes in an institution to improve it”
– “To put an improved form”
– “To amend or improve by change of form or
removal of faults”
3

4. What are Educational Reforms
• Educational reform comprises
– Planned changes from teaching method to
administrative control
– Changing public education in terms of theory and
practice
• Focus on outputs rather than inputs
– Address inequities related to poverty, gender,
class, etc.
4

5. Significance of Educational Reforms
• The role of education in the development of
nation is crucial, especially in 21st century where
civilization suffer from food and environmental
crisis, economic inequity, etc.
• The educationists are now in more competitive
world with limited resources and increase
demand from community
• Viewing these facts, nations are considering to
bring reform in education to compete in modern
era.
5

6. Educational Reforms in Pakistan
• To improve the situation of education and
meet the challenging environment, reforms in
two sector are implemented.
– Constitutional reforms
– Educational reforms
6

7. Constitutional Reforms
• Following amendments were introduced to
bring improvement in education
– Article 25-A
– Free and compulsory education for children's under 5-16 years
– Article 37-B
– Remove illiteracy and provide secondary education
– Article 38-B
– Basic necessities of life (food, cloth. Education) to all citizen
– 18th Constitutional Amendment
– Education devolved to provinces which are responsible to award
education up to intermediate level.
https://medium.com/@nayadaurpk/six-key-challenges-faced-by-the-
education-sector-in-pakistan-aeab63358bef 7

8. Reforms in National Education Policies
• Since 1947, a variety of documents were
developed on national education policies.
– National educational conference 1947
– Report of the commission on national education 1959
– The Education Policy 1972
– National Educational Policy 1979
– National Educational Policy 1992
– National Educational Policy 1998
– National Educational Policy 2009
– Draft National Educational Policy 2017
https://tuengr.com/V11/11A05N 8

9. Reforms of Education Policy 1979
• Islamization of Education
• Curriculum development more suited to national
aspirations
• Ensure maximum level of literacy
• Recognition of
• Madrassa
• Mosque school as educational institution
9

10. Reforms of Education Policy 1992
• Achievement of Universal primary education
• Encouragement of private sector
• Stressed Women education
• Focused on teacher education
• Introduced vocational training projects
• Reform examination system
• Introduced computer education at school
10

11. Reforms of Education Policy 1998
• Child from 6~12 years would be in school for 5
years
• Katchi class at primary level was introduced
• Improve quality, access and efficacy of
elementary education
• Strengthening the supervision, monitoring
and evaluation
• Ensure financial sustainability of elementary
education
11

12. Reforms of Education Policy 2009
• Free primary education by 2015 is responsibility
of provincial govt.
• Child friendly education was introduced
• Provision of quality education
• An educational authority to be developed
• Higher education should emphasize on research
to boost economy
12

13. Reforms of Education Policy 2017
• Free and compulsory education up to Matric
• Promote culture of research and innovation
• Increase investment in education to 4% GDP
• Achieve universal primary education by 2020
• Introduce TEVTA in selected school
• Facilitate quality private education system
• Promote adult literacy by supporting Madaris
• Recruit Competent, Capable and committed
teachers on merit base
13

14. Focus of All Policies
• Availability
• Adequate materials, classrooms, school, trained teacher
• Accessibility
• School must be within range, affordable for all, no inequity
to gender, race, religion.
• Acceptability
• Education must be of high quality with relevant
information. Have equal rights for special children's
• Adaptability
• School must be suitable for communities they serve
14

15. Provincial Education Reforms
• Education reforms in Punjab
• Education reforms in Baluchistan
• Education reforms in Sindh
• Education reforms in KPK
15

16. Reforms by Punjab Govt
• Parha Likha Punjab
• Project started in 2006
• Free books upto matric level
• Teacher training
• Rs 200 stipend for regular students
• Daanish School
• Started in 2010
• 14 Daanish school in Punjab
• Parho Punjab Barho Punjab
• Project started in 2015
• Target was to sent every child to school
16

17. Reforms by KPK Govt.
• Provision of Free text Books
• Rs 2.5 B spent in 450 Million books to provided to 4.1
Million students annually
• Increase in Educational Budget
• In 2017-2018, the budget increases up to 136.2 Billion
• Merit based teacher recruitment
• Around 40000 school based teachers recruited through
NTS to meet student/teacher ratio of 40:1 since 2013
• Provision of Stipend
• RS 1.72 Billion allocated for stipend to female students
• Teacher incentive program, Biometric
Attendance, Quranic education Nazara, etc 17

18. Single National Curriculum
• The basic objective of SNC are
– All children have fair and equal opportunity
– Social cohesion and national integration
– Equity in education
– Equal opportunity for upward social mobility
– Smooth inter-provincial of teachers and students
– Alleviation of disparities in education
18

19. Why All reforms didn’t work
properly?
• Economic Factors
• Low level of economic development
• Low per capita income of people
• Poor condition of school building
• Shortage of funds especially for recurring expenditure
• Poor motivation level of parents.
• Physical Factors
• Non condusive atmosphere of school
• Overloaded School Bags
• Over-Crowded Class rooms
• Unattractive/unfamiliar environment of School
• Loss of teacher self-respect
19

20. Why All reforms didn’t work
properly?
• Geographical Factors
• Scattered pattern of population in large cities
• Long distance of school from home
• Natural calamities in hilly areas
• Poor communication facilities
• Administrative Factors
• Lack of supervision and week administration
• Teachers absentees
• Over-Crowded Class rooms
• Unattractive/unfamiliar environment of School
20

21. Conclusion
• Substantial increase in education budget.
• Skill based education should be promoted
• Private school should enroll 10% poor students.
• Quality and standardization of Curriculum must
be enhanced
• Teachers training must be focused
21