Educational reforms in Pakistan have focused on improving access, quality, and equity in education through various constitutional and policy reforms since 1947. Key reforms included making education free and compulsory up to secondary level in the constitution, devolving education responsibilities to provinces, and introducing new national education policies focused on issues like Islamization, literacy, gender equity, and vocational training. However, reforms have faced challenges in being fully implemented due to economic limitations, poor infrastructure, large class sizes, and weak administration. Ongoing reforms aim to achieve universal primary education and increase the education budget.

1. Educational Reforms in Pakistan
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2. Layout
• Introduction
– What/Why Education reform
• Education Reforms
– Constitution Reform
– Education Reform
• Provincial Educational Reforms
• Why all reforms didn't work properly
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3. Reforms
• Reform is a Latin word
– “Make changes in an institution to improve it”
– “To put an improved form”
– “To amend or improve by change of form or
removal of faults”
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4. What are Educational Reforms
• Educational reform comprises
– Planned changes from teaching method to
administrative control
– Changing public education in terms of theory and
practice
• Focus on outputs rather than inputs
– Address inequities related to poverty, gender,
class, etc.
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5. Significance of Educational Reforms
• The role of education in the development of
nation is crucial, especially in 21st century where
civilization suffer from food and environmental
crisis, economic inequity, etc.
• The educationists are now in more competitive
world with limited resources and increase
demand from community
• Viewing these facts, nations are considering to
bring reform in education to compete in modern
era.
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6. Educational Reforms in Pakistan
• To improve the situation of education and
meet the challenging environment, reforms in
two sector are implemented.
– Constitutional reforms
– Educational reforms
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7. Constitutional Reforms
• Following amendments were introduced to
bring improvement in education
– Article 25-A
– Free and compulsory education for children's under 5-16 years
– Article 37-B
– Remove illiteracy and provide secondary education
– Article 38-B
– Basic necessities of life (food, cloth. Education) to all citizen
– 18th Constitutional Amendment
– Education devolved to provinces which are responsible to award
education up to intermediate level.
https://medium.com/@nayadaurpk/six-key-challenges-faced-by-the-
education-sector-in-pakistan-aeab63358bef 7

8. Reforms in National Education Policies
• Since 1947, a variety of documents were
developed on national education policies.
– National educational conference 1947
– Report of the commission on national education 1959
– The Education Policy 1972
– National Educational Policy 1979
– National Educational Policy 1992
– National Educational Policy 1998
– National Educational Policy 2009
– Draft National Educational Policy 2017
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9. Reforms of Education Policy 1979
• Islamization of Education
• Curriculum development more suited to national
aspirations
• Ensure maximum level of literacy
• Recognition of
• Madrassa
• Mosque school as educational institution
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10. Reforms of Education Policy 1992
• Achievement of Universal primary education
• Encouragement of private sector
• Stressed Women education
• Focused on teacher education
• Introduced vocational training projects
• Reform examination system
• Introduced computer education at school
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11. Reforms of Education Policy 1998
• Child from 6~12 years would be in school for 5
years
• Katchi class at primary level was introduced
• Improve quality, access and efficacy of
elementary education
• Strengthening the supervision, monitoring
and evaluation
• Ensure financial sustainability of elementary
education
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12. Reforms of Education Policy 2009
• Free primary education by 2015 is responsibility
of provincial govt.
• Child friendly education was introduced
• Provision of quality education
• An educational authority to be developed
• Higher education should emphasize on research
to boost economy
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13. Reforms of Education Policy 2017
• Free and compulsory education up to Matric
• Promote culture of research and innovation
• Increase investment in education to 4% GDP
• Achieve universal primary education by 2020
• Introduce TEVTA in selected school
• Facilitate quality private education system
• Promote adult literacy by supporting Madaris
• Recruit Competent, Capable and committed
teachers on merit base
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14. Focus of All Policies
• Availability
• Adequate materials, classrooms, school, trained teacher
• Accessibility
• School must be within range, affordable for all, no inequity
to gender, race, religion.
• Acceptability
• Education must be of high quality with relevant
information. Have equal rights for special children's
• Adaptability
• School must be suitable for communities they serve
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15. Provincial Education Reforms
• Education reforms in Punjab
• Education reforms in Baluchistan
• Education reforms in Sindh
• Education reforms in KPK
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16. Reforms by Punjab Govt
• Parha Likha Punjab
• Project started in 2006
• Free books upto matric level
• Teacher training
• Rs 200 stipend for regular students
• Daanish School
• Started in 2010
• 14 Daanish school in Punjab
• Parho Punjab Barho Punjab
• Project started in 2015
• Target was to sent every child to school
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17. Reforms by KPK Govt.
• Provision of Free text Books
• Rs 2.5 B spent in 450 Million books to provided to 4.1
Million students annually
• Increase in Educational Budget
• In 2017-2018, the budget increases up to 136.2 Billion
• Merit based teacher recruitment
• Around 40000 school based teachers recruited through
NTS to meet student/teacher ratio of 40:1 since 2013
• Provision of Stipend
• RS 1.72 Billion allocated for stipend to female students
• Teacher incentive program, Biometric
Attendance, Quranic education Nazara, etc 17

18. Single National Curriculum
• The basic objective of SNC are
– All children have fair and equal opportunity
– Social cohesion and national integration
– Equity in education
– Equal opportunity for upward social mobility
– Smooth inter-provincial of teachers and students
– Alleviation of disparities in education
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19. Why All reforms didn’t work
properly?
• Economic Factors
• Low level of economic development
• Low per capita income of people
• Poor condition of school building
• Shortage of funds especially for recurring expenditure
• Poor motivation level of parents.
• Physical Factors
• Non condusive atmosphere of school
• Overloaded School Bags
• Over-Crowded Class rooms
• Unattractive/unfamiliar environment of School
• Loss of teacher self-respect
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20. Why All reforms didn’t work
properly?
• Geographical Factors
• Scattered pattern of population in large cities
• Long distance of school from home
• Natural calamities in hilly areas
• Poor communication facilities
• Administrative Factors
• Lack of supervision and week administration
• Teachers absentees
• Over-Crowded Class rooms
• Unattractive/unfamiliar environment of School
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21. Conclusion
• Substantial increase in education budget.
• Skill based education should be promoted
• Private school should enroll 10% poor students.
• Quality and standardization of Curriculum must
be enhanced
• Teachers training must be focused
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