This document discusses the poor state of education in Pakistan and reasons for it. It notes low education spending, gender disparities, poor infrastructure, and high dropout rates. It also summarizes Pakistan's National Education Policy 2017 which aims to increase education funding, promote early childhood education and reforms, and improve teacher training. Key education initiatives by the Punjab and KP governments are also outlined, such as the KP government's 6-point education emergency plan to establish a single education system and increase funding to 5% of GDP. Overall the document analyzes challenges facing Pakistan's education system and policies aimed at addressing them.

2. Bushra Iram
Kulsum Bano
Sidra kaneez

3.  Education is the third eye of man.
 Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a
standing army.
(Edward Everett)
 “Acquire knowledge from lap to grave”.

5. Reason of worst Education system in
Pakistan
 6 million working children.
 Over half the population age 10 never attended school.
 Rapid growth of poverty.
 Corruption in this field.

6.  Low allocation funds.
(In the fiscal year 2016 Pakistan spend 2.3% of its GDP)
(According to the report, Pakistan’s challenge is not lack of
spending, “it is misspending”).
 Scarcity of foreign scholarship program
 Feudal system in FATA
 Education as a business

7. COUNTRY % OF GDP % OF TOTAL BUDGET
BHUTAN 5.9 17.8
INDIA 3.8 14.1
IRAN 3 19.7
MALDIVES 5.2 15.3
NEPAL 4.7 22.1
BENIN 4.4 22.2
ETHIOPIA 4.5 27

8.  Gender discrimination
(In Punjab rural areas, 44% females & 66% males. urban area 73% females
& 82% males).
(In Baluchistan rural areas,15% females & 48% males. while in urban,
44% female & 76% males).
(In KPK rural areas, % for females is 33 & males 70%. While in urban
areas, 52 % female & 77% male).
(In Sindh rural areas, 19 % female & 51 % male population. In urban
areas, 65% female & 80% male population educated).
 Low resources of technical education
 Flourishing favoritism
 Terrorist attack on educational institutions

9.  Poor infrastructure in govt. schools
(15,996 schools have no building, 30,000 schools building
need major repair).
(35.4% schools do not have toilet).
(33.6% do not have drinking water.)
(59% schools do not have electricity.)
(40% do not have desk.)

10.  Pakistan is lagging 50 to 60 years behind in the field of
Education ( UN report).
 Out of 177 universities in Pakistan, none are in the rank of top
1,000 universities.
 Pakistan has the world’s weakest higher education
system while US and UK have the strongest (British QS
ranking Agency).
 5.5m children are far from primary education while
1.4m children are far from secondary education.

11.  Literacy Rate in Pakistan Drops by 2% in 2016-17
 According to economic survey of Pakistan 2016-17, country’s
literacy rate decline from 60% to 58%.
 Provinces Literacy Rate
 Punjab:
Female: 54%
Male: 59%

12.  Baluchistan :
Female:24%
Male: 56%
 KPK:
Female :36%
Male: 72%
 Sindh :
Female: 44%
Male: 67%

13. High Drop Out Rate in Government
Schools
• Only 63% students enrolled in Grade 1 make it to Grade V
• Only 40% make it to Grade VIII
• Only 27% make it to Grade X
Overall drop out as a % of primary
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
school cohort
• Pakistan - 30.3%
• India - 34.2%
• Turkey - 5.8%
• Malaysia - 7.8%
Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10

14. Madaris
• About 6.4% children (1.72 million) enrolled in madaris
- About 200,000 are girls
• Most Madaris offer a 13 year teaching programme
• Textbooks mostly in Arabic; teaching mostly in Urdu or local
languages
• All Madaris affiliated with their Boards/Wafaqs, which are
degree-awarding institutions
- Shahadat ul Aalmia - recognised by government as
equivalent to MA
• Other degrees include: Shahadat ul Aaalia (BA), Sanvia Khasa
(FA), Sanvia Aama (Matric)
• None of these recognised by the government for
employment purposes

15. Technical and Vocational Training (T&VT)
• Total enrollment: 281,026
• T&VT enrollment only 8% of post-secondary
enrollment in general education
• Output from T&VT institutes insufficient to meet
export or local requirements qualitatively and
quantitatively
• T&VT not connected to university education:
- In opportunities for higher education
- In transfer of knowledge
• T&VT budgetary allocations a small proportion of
provincial allocations for education

16. NATIONAL EDUCATION
POLICY 2017

17.  Character Building
(Taleem (Seek, Use and Evaluate Knowledge), Tarbiyya (Social, Technical,
Moral and Ethical Training) and Tazkyya (Purification of Soul) are three
pillars of the policy).
 Promotion of early childhood education
 Enhancing Education Budget
(increase investment in education to 4% of GDP).
(40-50% budget for promotion of primary Education).
 Religious Education & reforms in deeni Madras
 Physical education, health & hygiene

18.  Curriculum reforms & standard setting
 Special education
(Increase participation rate of disabled children from existing 5% to
100% by 2025).
( 5% of total education budget will be allocated for Special Education).
 Provision of free elementary & secondary education
 knowledge economy through higher education
(to increase current 1.4 million students to 5 million in the next 5 years.)

19.  Selection, recruitment & capacity building of teachers
(To introduce Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programme).
 Language and medium of instruction

20.  Grant of scholarship and incentives to intelligent students.
 Availability and accessibility of schools particularly in rural
areas.
 Improvement in management.
(only subject teachers will teach their subject)

21.  Teachers training and knowledge.
 Equality in public and private sectors.
 Promotion of science & technology Advance laboratory
 Technical / vocational education to provide demands related to
skills.

22. PUNJAB GOVERNMENT

26.  Student competition
 Speech / essay writing competition
 Sports events
Enforcement of article 25A
 The Punjab Free and compulsory education ordinance 2014
 Foreign aid projects
 Punjab skills development program
 Teachers training
 Online recruitment system

28. KPK GOVERNMENT

31. PTI’s 6 Point Education Emergency Plan
1. One Education system for all:
- Medium of Instruction
- Curriculum
- Assessment
2. Re-engineer Governance based on
complete decentralization
3. Dramatically increase funding - from
2.1% to 5% of GDP
4. Adult education
5. Teacher Training
6. Information and Communication
Technology

32. 1. One Education System for All
Medium of Instruction - Current Situation
Province Medium of Instruction
Punjab • All govt. schools declared English medium
• Effectively most are Urdu medium
• English in elite public and private schools
Sindh • Sindhi and/or Urdu till class 8
• English and/or Urdu in high schools and colleges
• English in elite public and private schools
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa • Urdu in primary schools
• English and/or Urdu in high schools
• Urdu in low cost private schools
• English in elite public and private schools
Balochistan • Urdu in all government and low cost private schools
• English in elite public and private schools

33. 1. One Education System for All
Curriculum - Current Situation
Flawed
Curriculum
Substandard
textbooks
Dismal
learning
outcomes
Inferior
quality
Teachers

34. 1. One Education System for All
Mainstreaming Current Madaris
• Currently, five Madrassa groups
- Tanzeem-ul-Madaris (Barelvi)
- Wafaq-ul-Madaris (Deobandi)
- Wafaq-ul-Madaris (Shia)
- Wafaq-ul-Madaris (Ahle Hadith)
- Rabita-ul-Madaris (Jamaat-e-Islami)
• Engage with all to develop a phased mainstreaming of curriculum
• Mainstream by a mix of Inspiration and Incentives
- Financial help for new teachers, sports facilities etc.
- Health Program for Children
- Madrassa students to also take the Class VIII national exam
• Encourage integration with local communities

35. 2. Education Governance - Increasing
School Enrolment /Reducing drop out rate
• Uplift all government schools to
- Minimum standards of Physical infrastructure,
Facilities, Staffing , Teaching and learning aides
• Most primary schools are 2 room buildings
where as a minimum of 6 rooms are required
- All middle, high schools to have
science lab, computer labs, libraries etc.
- Audio-visual facilities
- Distance learning facilities
• Encourage private sector to play its role
- Voucher schemes - let the money follow students
• Encourage low cost private schools
• Launch awareness and mobilisation campaigns

36. 2. Education Governance - Increasing
School Enrollment
• Make schools a fun place
- Sports and extra curricular activities
- Student exchange programs
- Field trips
• Set up boarding schools for children
from poor households
- At least two (one for each gender) per tehsil
• Make special provisions for marginalised communities
- Street children, working children, nomadic communities,
mentally or physically disabled children, etc.

37. 3. Funding
Chronic Under-investment in Pakistan
• Allocation for education
- as a proportion of GDP - 2.1%
- was 2.8% in 1987-88
Regional Comparison - % of GDP spent on
Education
6
5
4
3.2 3.3
3 2.6
2.1
2
1
0
5.2 5.3
4.5 4.7
3.5

38. 5. Teacher Training
• Currently approx. 1.46 million (public and private)
teachers
- 42% in the private sector
• With success of PTI’s education policy, an additional
million + teachers will be required
- All these teachers will have to be trained / re-trained
• Re-think pre-service teachers’ education
- ‘Education’ to be offered as a subject at par with other social
sciences
- Intensive foundation courses of teacher training of
pedagogy, leadership, management, etc. after recruitment
- Use of ICT

39. 5. Teacher Training
• Government to invest heavily in
‘in-service’ training
• Support private sector in establishing and expanding
teachers’ training facilities
• Training institutes to offer wide menu of choices such as
pedagogy, leadership, management, etc.
• Special emphasis on sciences and mathematics teaching
• Exposure to different teaching practices to be a core
component of Teachers’ training
• Enable and support visits/attachments/internships in top-
ranking schools
• Skill up-gradation to be a key factor in promotion

40. Special Initiatives
• Girls’ Education
• Sports and Extra-curricular activities
• English Language Program
• Skill Development
• University Education

42. Skill Development
Current situation
• 66% of the population under the
age of 30
• 1.3% population of age 11-17 years
are enrolled for technical and
vocational education
PTI’s Policy
• Engage 2 million + youngsters for
technical skills enrolment
• Increase vocational education
spending to Rs. 140 billion per year
• Ensure international certifications
• Focus on skills for women
• Develop employable skills for
domestic and international markets

43. University Education - PTI’s Policy
• Make the Higher Education
Commission fully autonomous
• Make universities autonomous
by de-linking them from
government
• Make universities a hub
for research
• Increase university enrolment
by establishing new universities
and enlarging existing capacity
• Focus on university education in sciences
• Encourage collaboration with foreign universities

44. The End