Attended “National Conference on Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh: Educational Responses, Challenges and Possibilities”, 31 March-1 April 2018 presented research paper on “Educational Condition of Climate Migrants: A Study on Slum Children in Dhaka City”. IER, University of Dhaka Bangladesh.

1. Presented by
Karisma Amjad
Ph D Fellow
Institute of Social Welfare & Research
University of Dhaka

2. Bangladesh has a long history of migration
within the country and beyond. Migration to
urban areas is a regular phenomenon but
climate induced displacement forced to
migrate to cities over the recent years is a
matter of concern. Bangladesh is one of the
most vulnerable countries facing the adverse
effects of climate change, including migration
(Sikder, 2015). Many Bengalis have pushed to
migrate out of their communities due to
climate change-induced pressures such as
more frequent extreme weather events, rising
sea levels, soil salinity and flooding (Ismail,
2016).

3. On arrival, these poor migrants routinely turn to
slums and squatter settlements for shelter. All
major urban centers in Bangladesh have slums,
but the largest concentrations are in Dhaka city
(Mahamud, 2007). In addition, the appears to be
sub set of household who are extremely poor
and for whom even relatively low education cost
can be prohibitive. However, there is a prior
problem that slum populations are simply not
recognized in the formation of policy or
educational planning (Mahamud, 2007).

4.  To identify the socio economic status
regarding the climate migrant slum dwellers.
 To make out the reason of migration for the
settlement of urban slam.
 To know the government and non
government education program of slum
children.
 To reveal the factors responsible in
abstracting the poor urban slums dwellers
from up lifting their child education
condition.

5. These are some rationales which cannot
ignore:
 This study will be more useful for academic
purpose in worldwide.
 This research will be helpful for taking
preventive measurement against climate change
migration.
 This study will be helpful for the mothers to
safe their children from downside of lacking of
education.
 The policy makers of Bangladesh may be
benefited from this study for developing policy
against Climate change migration.

6.  The Main Research Method:
It was a descriptive type of quantitative study carried out
from November 2017 to February 2018.
 The Research Site:
General information collected from the Jilpar slams
Shahjadpur area of Dhaka. The target group of the
respondents was mothers of the children who were
supposed to be well informer about children’s
education and living condition. For this research the
target aged group of children has taken from 4 years to
15 years.
 Main Data Collection Method:
A purposive sampling technique was adopted. A total of
50 participants were interviewed. A pre-tested,
modified, semi structured, self administrated interview
Schedule was designed based on the climate migrate
people in this area to collect the information.

7. Data
Primary
Sources
Interview
Schedule
and KII
Living conditions of climate
migrants as slum dwellers
Secondary
Sources
Newspaper,
Books, Journals,
Web sites,
Annual reports
etc.
The trend of environmental displacement
population growth and educational condition on
slums in Dhaka City

8.  There are many types of primary school in Bangladesh. Most
common are government primary schools (GPS),
which accounted for around 55% of enrolments
in 2005(BANBEIS, n. d.).
Registered nongovernment primary schools
(RNGPS) are privately operated but largely government
funded. A large number of NGOs, most famously BRAC,
engage in
education provision, running an estimated 30,000 classroom.
Primary grades may be attached to government or private
secondary schools, usually without government support
(Ahmed et al., 2005).
Fully private fee-charging primary schools are usually known as
kindergartens.
There are also a number of madrasa, some of which receive
government funding, and small numbers of community,
experimental and satellite schools.

9.  The research study area is shahjadpur. In this area
Educational institutions are:
Educational Institutions Amount
Government high school 1
Non-government high school 2
Government primary school 1
Non-government primary school 5
NGO School 1
Madrasa 4
English medium school 3

10. Major portion (76%) of
climate migrant
migrated as a whole
family.
During the study it has been seen that 30% of
the respondents migrated because of Cyclone
and no agricultural work available during the
off-season (Monga period). Among the
respondents 20% of them migrated for the
reason of river erosion.
Source: field survey, 2017
Source: field survey, 2017
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Percentage
76%
Types of Migrants
Migrated
alone
Migrated as
a whole
family
20%
30%
8%
4%
6%
2%
30%
Reasons of Migration
River erosion
Cyclone
Sudden loss of their house and/or
crops due to flooding
Drought and a lack of water for
irrigation
Water-lodging
High temperatures and erratic
rainfall

11. Among the respondents, the
greatest percentage that is 50%
of the respondents have to live
with 7 to 9 person of family
members.
According to survey data, 14%
of households have income less
than Tk. 5000. On the other
hand, 60.00% of households
have income Tk. 10,000-<
20,000.
Source: field survey, 2017
Source: field survey, 2017
1 to 3
person
4 to 6
person
7 to 9
person
10 to 12
person
4%
40%
50%
6%
Size of Family
14.00%
20.00%
60.00%
6.00%
Income of Household

12. Most of the urban poor are
illiterate. 24% have never
attended school, another 40%
have attended primary school.
According to the survey data 30%of the
respondents are employed in pulling
Rickshaws in the city. Most of these
rickshaw pullers are illiterate and have no
formal education or employment training.
Source: field survey, 2017
Source: field survey, 2017
No
Schooling
Primary
School
High school SSC and
Above
24%
40%
30%
6%
Level of Schooling of
Household head
30%
10%
14%
20%
16%
6%
4%
Rickshaw Puller
Garment Worker
Construction Worker
Street Seller
Security grad
Driver
Others
Occupational structure of the
households head

13. The largest portion of school-going
children at primary level in the slums
surveyed was going to government
primary schools. However, around15
percent were going to Madrasa.
If the primary education is free but
they need to extra cost to buying
their exersize book, pencil and
Tiffin but most of children can’t
study at primary school so some
children are going to NGO school
and Madrasa also.
Source: field survey, 2017
According to the survey data, 20 school going children
as a sample from 50 respondents.
Source: field survey, 2017 (Here Sample size were 20)
40%
30%
0%
5%
15%
5%
0%
5%
Types of Schooling
0%
50%
25%
20%
5%
Expenditure for Education
(N=20)
Up to 500
500 to 1000
1000 to 1500
1500 to Above

14. Source: field survey, 2017
According to the survey data, 20 school going children as a sample from 50 respondents.
In the present study show that in the study area most of
children at ages 7-11 are ongoing in their study, most of
the children’s at ages 11-14 are drop out and the most of
children’s at ages 4-6 are never enrolled.
Age Children’s School Status
On going Drop out Never enrolled
4 to 5 years 4% 0% 96%
5 to 6years 22% 0% 78%
6 to 7 years 58% 2% 40%
7 to 8 years 72% 2% 24%
8 to 9 years 76% 6% 18%
9 to 10 years 74% 10% 16%
10 to 11 years 70% 18% 12%
11 to 12 years 70% 22% 8%
12 to 13 years 66% 24% 10%
13 to 14 years 54% 28% 18%
14 to 15 years 52% 32% 16%

16.  First of all, the study represents maximum
respondents migrated because of Cyclone, River
erosion and no agricultural work available during
the off-season (Monga period).
 The study found that 60.00% of households have
income Tk. 10,000-< 20,000. Most of the urban
poor are illiterate. They employed as rickshaw
puller.
 Last of all, the study result stand for The largest
portion of school-going children at primary level in
the slums surveyed was going to government
primary schools. If the primary education is free
but they need to extra cost for study tools. So
some children are going to NGO school and
Madrasa also.

17.  It was difficult to access to get information
sometimes because of giving respondents own
suitable place and time.
 The sample of the respondent were found non co-
operative and failed to adequately reveal the fact
lying at times.
 On the other hand, only fifty respondents are not
enough for representing the actual scenario of this
study.
 Finally, they study will be more efficient to
represent various aspect of community if I get
enough time and money.

18. Growing up Children is the vulnerable groups in society in
terms of climate change, movement, haphazard growth
and unhealthy environment are the target group for this
research. This paper recommends some issues in
relation to the education expansion of SDG.
 Strategies that assist migrants, including education
programmes, training and affordable accommodation
will be required for an effective adaptation plan.
 To give importance of education equity is based on the
premise that an individual’s level of education directly
correlates to future quality of life.
 Govt. should take program for low income household’s
scholar students to attend selective schools for latter
success.

19.  To solve the problem of all factors that
promotes gender inequality in education like
lack of investment in quality education, lack
of female teachers as role models and lack of
gender friendly school environment.
 Fully inclusive schools and general or special
education policies and programs should be
taken by civil society and federal initiatives.
 GO and NGOs should take educational service
with day care facility for climate migrant’s
child in the slum areas which has strong
connection with economic growth and SDG.

20.  To develop proper education facility which
can play vital role in influencing parent’s
knowledge about child discrimination to
dropout from education this helps to further
up the system.
 Supportive adaptation measures of climate
change help to make planned migration of
climate induce displacement.
 More and more research should be conducted
to find out the coping and mitigation strategy
and other relevant issues for the climate
affected areas of Bangladesh.