This document provides information about the education system in Pakistan. It discusses the structure of educational institutions including primary, secondary, and higher education. Primary education lasts 9 years and is divided into two stages. Secondary education includes general secondary schools, technical schools, and vocational schools. Higher education institutions offer bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs. The document also defines formal and informal education. Formal education is a structured system with qualified teachers, a curriculum, and set time periods. Informal education occurs through daily life experiences and has no set structure. The functions of educational institutions are also summarized, including teaching skills, transmitting culture, developing critical thinking, and preparing students for society.

1. Govt. Gordon College Rawapindi
BS IT 3rd
Semester
Submitted To: Sir Qudrat Ullah
Submitted by :
Zeeshan ahmed
Rashid nawaz
Kashif ali
Jahanzeb anjum
Ayyaz meer
Arslan rabani

3. Education
Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a
group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training,
research.
Structure of Educational Institution:
School education:
Primary education lasts for nine years divided into two stages of five and four years respectively.
It leads to Secondary education comprise three main types of schools: secondary general schools
(gymnasium), secondary technical schools and secondary vocational schools. Gymnasiums
prepare for study at higher education institutions and for professions. The secondary technical
schools and 4-year courses or three-year follow-up courses at secondary vocational schools
prepare students for a wide range of professions, as well as for studies at higher education
institutions. The 2-year and 3-year courses at the vocational schools prepare students for
professional activities.
Higher education:
Higher education institutions can be of university and non-university type. The non-university
higher education institutions usually offer Bachelor study programmes and, if accredited, master
study programmes. They are not allowed to provide doctoral study programmes. University-type
higher education institutions offer Bachelor, Master and in most case also Doctoral study
programmes. Higher education institutions offer courses in the Humanities, Social Sciences,
Natural Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Pharmacy, and Theology, as well as in Economics,
Veterinary Medicine, and Agriculture, Teacher Training and Arts. They are public, state or
private institutions. Public institutions are financed by the state budget through the Ministry of
Education, Youth and Sports. The private institutions can be partially financed by the State. All
higher education institutions provide accredited study programmes which are assessed by the
Accreditation Commission.
Types of Education
1) Formal Education
2) Informal Education

4. Formal Education
Def:
1) Formal education is any education provided by a recognized institution teaching courses or even
at home, following a planned course of study.
2) Formal education refers to the structured educational system provided by the state for children.
3) Any process of teaching which involves supervision, instruction, set plan, definite aims and
principles amounts to formal education.
Main Points:
(i) Planned with a particular end in view.
(ii) Limited to a specific period.
(iii) Well-defined and systematic curriculum
(iv) Given by specially qualified teachers.
(v) Includes activities outside the classroom
(vi) Observes strict discipline.
1) Planned with a particular end in view
Formal education is planned with a particular end in view. It is given in school, college and similar other
institutions which are established with the purpose. In this way it is direct schooling, instruction and
tuition.
2) Limited to a specific period
Formal education is limited to a specific period or stage. It is provided according to certain set rule and
regulations. It is in the form of systematic, planned and guided instruction.
3) Well-defined and systematic curriculum
Formal education has a well-defined and systematic curriculum. This curriculum is based on certain aims
and objectives. These aims are in conformity with the needs of the society and the state-.
4) Given by specially qualified teachers
Formal education given by specially qualified teachers they are supposed to be efficient in the art of
instruction.
5) Includes activities outside the class-room
In modern progressive schools, the process of education is not merely restricted the four walls of the
class-room. There are more activities outside the class-room than inside it.

5. 6) Observes strict discipline
Formal education observes strict discipline. The pupil and the teacher are both aware of the fact an engage
themselves in the process of education.
Informal Education:
1) Informal Education is "the process, by which a person imbibes attitudes, develops
skills, cultivates values and acquires knowledge, without there being any
organization or system about it.
2) Informal Education refers to learning that takes place while at work or at play and
during travels-as well as spontaneous learning through films, radio and television."
Main Points:
1) Incidental and spontaneous
2) Not-pre-planned.
3) Not imparted by any specialized agency.
4) No prescribed time-table or curriculum.
5) May be negative also
1) Incidental and spontaneous:
Informal education is incidents and spontaneous. There is no conscious effort involved in it.
Education learnt in a market place or in a hotel or in one's sitting room amount to informal
education.
2) Not preplanned nor deliberate:
Informal education is an educative activity which is neither pre-planned nor deliberate.
The child learns many habits, manners and patterns while living with others or moving in
different spheres like home, society, groups etc.
3) Not imparted by any specializedagency:
Unlike formal education, informal education is not imparted by any specialized agency such
as school or college.

6. 4) No prescribed time-table or curriculum:
Informal education is not given according to any fixed time-table or through formal means
of education. There is no set curriculum required. Informal education consists in
experiences and actual living in the family or community.
6) May be negative education also:
Informal education may take to negative direction also. Instances are not rare when one
learns stealing, or some other forms of misbehavior from the experiences which the child
may casually have in the street, in the market, in the cinema hall or in some other such
place.
Functions of educational institution
Functions of educational institutionconsist of teaching basic skills such as functional
literacy, teaching knowledge and skills for specific jobs ,transmitting the culture of the
society in other words ,they transmit the beliefs ,norms and values of the society,
Developing skills in critical thinking Preparing the individual to live in society ,the total
development of the individual.
Types:
1) Manifest Functions
2) Latent Functions
Manifest Functions:
The consequenceses for the operation of socity as a whole.
Types:
1) Socialization:
college schools teach students the student-roles, specific academic subjects, and political
socialization for example the importance of the democratic process

7. 2) Transmission of culture:
Schools transmit cultural norms and values to each new generation. It plays, as well, an
important process in the assimilation of new immigrants. Immigrants learn the dominant
cultural values, attitudes, and behaviors so that they can be productive members in their
new society.
3) Social Control:
Schools are responsible for teaching discipline, respect, obedience, punctuality, and
perseverance. They teach conformity by teaching young people to be good students,
conscientious future workers, and law abiders.
4) Social Placement:
Schools are responsible for identifying the most qualified people to fill advanced positions
in society. Schools often channel students into programs based on their ability and
academic achievement. Graduates receive appropriate credentials for entering the paid
work force.
5) Change and Innovation:
Schools are sources of change and innovation. To meet student needs at a given time, new
programs for example AIDs education, computer education, and multicultural education
are created. College and university faculty are expected to conduct research and publish
new knowledge that benefits the overall society. A major goal of education is to reduce
social problems
Latent Functions
1) The consequences that are largely untended and unrecognized.
2) Latent functions are the not-so-obvious functions associated with education
Types:
1) Cultural Capital:
Cultural capital is social assets such as values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and
culture that they learn at home, but which are reinforced in school.

8. 2) Hidden Curriculum:
The hidden curriculum is the way certain cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and
obedience to authority, are transmitted through implied demands in the everyday rules and routines of
schools.