3. An ecosystem is the basic functional unit of organism and their
environment interacting with each other and with their own
components.
An ecosystem includes all organisms that live in a particular place,
plus the abiotic environment in which they live - and with which
they interact – at that location.
ECOSYSTEM
4.
5.
6. ❶ The composition of biological community including species,
numbers, biomass, life history and distribution in space..
❷ The quantity and distribution of non living materials like
nutrients, water etc.
❸The range of condition for existence such as temperature, light
etc.
❹ The structure of ecosystem is characterized
by the organization of the biotic and
abiotic components.
STRUCTURE OF AN ECOSYSTEM
10. CARBON,THE BASISOFORGANICCOMPOUNDS ,CYCLESTHROUGH
MOST ECOSYSTEM
Carbon is a major constituent of
the bodies of organisms because
carbon atoms help form the
framework of all organic
compounds.
CO2 is the most significant carbon
containing compound in the
environment of organisms.
It makes up 0.03% of the volume
of the atmosphere.
11. CO2 is taken up by plants during
photosynthesis.
Animals eat the photosynthetic
organisms and build their own
tissues by making use of the carbon
atoms in the organic compounds
they ingest.
Both photosynthetic organism and
animals obtain their energy by
breaking down some of the organic
compounds available to them.
CO2 is released by organisms during
respiration and decomposition
12. WATER CYCLE
Water is so crucial that changes in
its supply in an ecosystem can
radically alter the nature of an
ecosystem.
WATERCYCLE PROCESSES
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Run off
Percolation & Infiltration
Transpiration
Completion of cycle
13. • 78 % of the volume of
troposphere.
• Most complex cycle
• N2 gas can’t be used ‘as
is’ – it must be “fixed” so
that organisms can use
it
• STEPSTOTHECYCLE
Nitrogen fixation
Assimilation
Ammonification
Nitrification
Denitrification
14. FUNCTIONS OF AN ECOSYSTEM
Ecosystem have functional attributes
which keep the component parts running
together
For example – green leaves prepare food
and roots absorb nutrients from the soil.
Herbivores feed on part of the plant
production and in turn serve as food for
carnivores.
Decomposers carry out the function of
breaking down complex organic materials
into simple inorganic product which can
be used by the producers.
All these functions in an ecosystem occur
through delicately balanced and
controlled processes.
16. Food Chain
Flow of energy in an ecosystem is one way process. The
sequence of organism through which the energy flows, is
known as food chain.
17. Tropic levels in a food chain
⦿Producers
⦿Consumers
(i) Primary consumers
(ii) Secondary consumers
(iii) Tertiary consumers
(iv) Quaternary consumers
⦿Decomposers
18.
19. •The knowledge of food chain helps in understanding
the feeding relationship as well as the interaction
between organism and ecosystem.
•It also help in understanding the mechanism of energy
flow and circulation of matter in ecosystem.
•It also helps to understand the movement of toxic
substance and the problem associated with biological
magnification in the ecosystem.
Significance of Food Chain
20. What are Ecological Pyramids?
•Ecological pyramids are
graphical representations
of the tropic structure
ecosystem.
•Tropic levels are the feeding
positions in a food chain
such as primary producers,
herbivores, primary
carnivore etc.
