1) The document discusses development for different groups in society including landless rural laborers, prosperous farmers, traders, and girls from rich urban families. 2) It also covers several topics related to economics and development including definitions of developed, developing, and underdeveloped economies as well as key indicators like per capita income, literacy rates, and infant mortality rates. 3) Sustainable development is defined as development that does not damage the environment or compromise the needs of future generations by exhausting resources.

1. DEVELOPMENT
Chapter -1 (economics)

2. Developmentfor differentpeople
CATEGORY
1) Landless rural laborers :-
2 ) Prosperous farmers :-
DEVELOPMENT
• More days of work and better
wages .
• Local school is able to provide
education for their children .
• Assured a high family income
through high supports prices
for their crops .

3. 5 ) A girl from rich urban
family :-
4 ) Trader :-
• She gets as much
freedom as her brother
and is able to decide
what she wants to do in
life
• Infrastructure facilities
• Less taxes
• Cheap labour
• High p[rice for their
products

4. • Developed economics: These are those economic which
are characterized by high level of per capita income and
high standard of living. Developing Economic: Those
economics which are passing through the stages of
growth and development. In such economics significance
of agriculture tends to decline
• Economy: It is a sum total of all the economic activities like
production, consumption distribution, exchange etc.
National income: It is the total value of all the goods and
services produced within a country plus the net income
from abroad during a year. whereas the industrial sector
grows sharply.

5. National development
Aspects covered under the national development
1) Under national development, the government decides what
would be a fair and just path for all.
2)Under national development, only those programmers and
policies are implemented which would benefit a large
number of people.
3) Under national development, it is very important to
decide about the conflicts and their solutions.
4)Under national development, we have to think whether
there is a better way of doing things.

6. Four characteristics of development
1). Different people have different development goals. 2).
What may be development for one may not be development
for the other. It may be destructive for other.
3) . Income is the most important component of
development, but along with income, people also seek equal
treatment, good health, peace, literacy, etc.
4). For development, people look at mix goals.

7. • Underdeveloped economics: Under developed
economics are the economics which are characterized by low
level of per capita income and miserable standard of living.
• Literacy Rate: Literacy rate measures the proportion of
literate population in the 7 and above age group.

8. • sustainable economic development - means that
development should take place without damaging the
environment, and development in the present should not
compromise with the needs of the future generations. This
concept stresses the role of the environment as capital that,
if exhausted, cannot be replaced. It requires preservation of
human capital, physical capital and natural capital.

10. Public Distribution System (PDS) or Ration Shops: PDS ensures availability of
essential commodities like wheat, rice, sugar etc. to the consumers
through the network of outlets or fair price shops. It checks the forces of
supply and demand. The prices are fixed by the government. Sustainable
Economic Development: It means that development should take place
without damaging the environment, and development in the present
should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.
Infant mortality rate - It indicates the number of children that die
before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in
that particular year.

11. Comparingdifferent countriesor states
 Some countries are generally called developed and
others underdeveloped.
 For comparing countries , their income is considered
to be one of the most important attributes.
 Countries with higher income are more developed
than others with lees income .
 This income of the country is the income of all the
residents of the country .
 We compare the average income of Rs 4,53,000 per
annum and above are called rich countries and those
with per capita income is called per capita income .

12. 1) Rich or High income countries: Countries with per
capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum and above in
2004, are called rich countries.
2) Poor or low income countries: The countries with
per capital income of Rs 37,000 or less, are called low
income countries.
• India comes in the category of low income countries
because its per capital income in 2004 was just Rs
28,000.
• Limitations:
• i). It covers only the economic aspects ignoring peace,
health, environment, education, longevity, etc.
ii). The method does not provide us the distribution of
income.

13. Publicfacilities
Money in the pocket cannot buy all the goods and
services that are needed in live well.
Money cannot protect you from diseases unless the
` whole community takes preventive steps .You can not
get good education if the provision is not available to
all or no one else, other than you, is interested in
education .Kerala has a low infant mortality
rate because it has adequate provision of basic health
and educational facilities. The Government spent a
fair amount of money in the field of health and
education . The Public Distribution System (PSD)
functions properly in Kerala and essential goods are
supplied at a lower price than the market prices. Ther
efore, the health and nutritional status of the people
is very high. at are needed to live well .

15. Renewable and non- renewable resources
Renewable resources are replenished by nature
as in the case of crops and plants . However ,
even these resources may be overused .in case
of groundwater , if we use more then what is
being replenished by rain then we would end in
shortage of this resources .
Non –renewable resources are those which will
get exhausted after years of use. We have a
fixed stock on earth which cannot be
replenished e.g., crude , oil , coal, etc.

16. In conclusion, we can use that consequences of
environmental degradation is not confined to
state or national boundaries only, rather for the
development judicious use o resources is
required.
Therefore, sustainable development requires that
we make use of available resources, both
renewable and non-renewable , in such a way
that :
I. Economic development should take place
without damaging the environment .
II. Economic development in the present time
should not compromise on the needs of the
future generations .