Economic goals
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This document outlines and compares three main economic systems - market, command, and tradition - across seven economic goals: economic freedom, economic efficiency, economic equity, economic security, full employment, price stability, and economic growth. It notes that no country has a pure system and that governments must intervene to correct faults in a purely capitalistic market system. Students are then assigned to analyze how changes in one economic goal would affect other goals and to identify the two most important goals for them and which system best accomplishes those goals.
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Economic goals
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American Revolution with timeline.pptx
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during the American Revolution, including Britain passing taxes on the colonies without representation which angered colonists and led to protests. The Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts further increased tensions, leading to the first battles of the Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord. After gaining independence, Americans faced challenges in governance under the Articles of Confederation and ultimately created a new Constitution with checks and balances and protections for individual rights in the form of the Bill of Rights.
American Revolution with timeline.pptx
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during the American Revolution. It describes Britain passing new taxes on the colonies through acts like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, sparking colonial protests over "no taxation without representation." This growing tension erupted into violence at the Boston Massacre and culminated in the Boston Tea Party. In response, Britain passed the Intolerable Acts, leading the colonies to form the Continental Congress. The Revolutionary War began with battles at Lexington and Concord in 1775. After declaring independence in 1776, the Americans defeated Britain with the help of Enlightenment ideas. They then established a new democratic republic with the Articles of Confederation and later the U.S. Constitution.
India (1).pptx
1. The document describes the early civilizations and geography of India, including the Indus River Valley cultures from around 7000 BCE. 2. It discusses the Indus Valley civilization, also called the Harappan civilization, which had advanced city planning with a grid system and plumbing. 3. Around 1500 BCE, Aryan groups migrated into northern India and their languages and cultural influences mixed with the local Harappan peoples, establishing social hierarchies and religious traditions that still influence Indian society today.
The renaissance
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy as a period of cultural and intellectual revival following the Middle Ages. It spread across Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Renaissance sought to revive ideas and values from classical antiquity, with a focus on human potential and achievements. Notable Renaissance artists like Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci developed new techniques like linear perspective and studied human anatomy to portray figures in unprecedented realism and detail. Their works, including Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel and David, and da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Last Supper, had a profound influence on Western art and culture.
A brief history, of the Tudors
The document provides a brief overview of the Plantagenet and Tudor dynasties in England. It describes the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the throne. Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field, becoming King Henry VII and uniting the houses. His son, Henry VIII, breaks with the Catholic Church and establishes himself as head of the Church of England due to disputes over annulments of his marriages. Henry VIII had six wives, two of whom he divorced and two he had executed. His three children, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, each succeeded him as monarch and shaped the English Reformation and England's global expansion.
Feudalism in europe
Feudalism developed in medieval Europe due to instability following the fall of the Carolingian Empire. As the empire fragmented, kings were unable to defend their lands from invaders like the Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims. People turned to local lords for protection, leading to the rise of feudalism. Under feudalism, lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service. Peasants were tied as serfs to manors, working the land in exchange for protection. Feudalism structured medieval European society around relationships of loyalty between lords and vassals and between lords and serfs.
6 fall of rome
The document discusses the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire between the 2nd and 5th centuries AD. It identifies several key factors that contributed to Rome's decline, including economic troubles, political instability, social changes, and military weaknesses. Constantine's conversion to Christianity and establishment of Constantinople helped the Eastern Empire thrive even as the West collapsed. Ultimately, the Western Empire disintegrated in 476 AD due to worsening internal problems and invasions by Germanic tribes like the Huns and Vandals.
1 greece geography &
The geography of Greece, consisting of a mountainous peninsula jutting into the Mediterranean Sea, helped shape Greek culture in several ways. The terrain led to the development of independent city-states rather than a unified empire, allowing Greek culture to flourish while politics and military affairs differed between cities. Early cultures like the Minoans, Mycenaeans, and Phoenicians influenced Greek architecture, religion, shipbuilding, and literature. The isolation of the city-states also drove the Greeks to become masters of seafaring.
2 Athenian golden age
During the period from 477 to 431 BC, Athens experienced a cultural and intellectual golden age under the leadership of Pericles. Pericles strengthened Athenian democracy and used the wealth of the Athenian Empire to fund magnificent architecture projects, such as the Parthenon. However, the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta from 431 to 404 BC weakened Athens and ended the Golden Age. After the war, Athenian philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle sought philosophical truths through logic and reason.
3 alexander the great
This document provides an overview of Alexander the Great and the spread of Hellenistic culture. It discusses how Philip II united Macedonia and conquered Greece, paving the way for his son Alexander to expand the empire. Alexander then conquered the Persian Empire and continued eastward until his army grew tired. When Alexander died at age 32, his empire broke into three territories between his generals. This resulted in the blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and other cultures into Hellenistic civilization.
5 rome becomes empire
Here are the key differences between the Roman Republic and Roman Empire:
- The Roman Republic (509 BC - 27 BC) had a senate and elected officials, while the Roman Empire (27 BC - 476 AD) was ruled by an emperor who had supreme autocratic power.
- The Roman Republic expanded through alliances and adding client kingdoms, while the Empire aggressively expanded its borders through military conquests.
- Socially, the Republic had a strong sense of civic duty and equality under the law for citizens. The Empire had more social stratification with emperors, aristocracy, merchants, freedmen, slaves.
- Economically, the Republic used conquests to gain wealth, resources and tribute.
4 early roman republic
1. The document provides an overview of the origins and early history of Rome, including its transition from kingdom to republic. It discusses the influence of the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans on early Roman culture.
2. It then focuses on the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, in which the brilliant Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the Alps into Italy but was ultimately defeated by Rome.
3. Rome went on to defeat Carthage in the Third Punic War, extending its power and territory across the Mediterranean and marking its emergence as an early empire that made significant contributions to architecture, democracy, philosophy, and other areas of culture around the world.
Hinduism and budhhism
This document provides an overview of Hinduism and Buddhism, two major religions that originated in ancient India. It discusses key concepts in Hinduism like reincarnation, karma, and dharma. It explains that Hinduism does not have a single founder and incorporates beliefs from various groups over 3,500 years. Buddhism is described as founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, who taught that suffering can be eliminated by following the Noble Eightfold Path and achieving enlightenment through meditation. The document contrasts some differences between Hinduism and Buddhism and notes how Buddhism spread across Asia while declining in India over time.
Judaism
Judaism originated from the ancient Hebrews who lived in Canaan, now known as Palestine. According to the Torah, God chose Abraham and promised the land of Canaan to his descendants. Moses led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt in an event known as the Exodus. The Ten Commandments given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai formed the basis of Jewish religious law. The Kingdom of Israel was established but divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and southern kingdom of Judah. Both kingdoms were later conquered and the first temple was destroyed, though the Hebrews were allowed to return and rebuild the second temple under Persian rule.
Egypt
Ancient Egypt and Nubia were connected along the Nile River. Egypt was united into a kingdom around 3000 BC and entered its Old Kingdom period where many pyramids were built. Egyptian culture was centered around the pharaohs and polytheistic religions. Hieroglyphics developed for writing. The New Kingdom expanded Egypt's power and wealth along the Nile and into surrounding regions until invasions caused the empire to decline. Meanwhile, the Kushite kingdom in Nubia grew powerful, conquering Egypt at times and establishing the city of Meroe as a trade center until declining after 350 AD.
China
This document provides an overview of ancient Chinese civilization, including its geography, earliest dynasties, and cultural developments. It describes how China's isolation due to natural barriers like deserts and mountains allowed civilization to develop independently. The earliest dynasties, like the Xia and Shang, established many cultural traditions still present today, such as respect for ancestors and a unified writing system. The Zhou dynasty expanded on these foundations and established the concept of "Mandate of Heaven" to justify changes in ruling dynasties.
Mesopotamia
The document discusses the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia and Sumer. It describes how villages grew into cities as advances in technology allowed for larger harvests and populations. Civilization is defined as having five characteristics: advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology. The Sumerians exemplified these characteristics through their creation of city-states with temples, priests, ziggurats, social classes, and a writing system. Their cities like Ur flourished over 5,000 years ago and influenced later empires through cultural diffusion.
Human migration & beginning of agriculture
Early humans first evolved in Africa between 3-3.5 million years ago, as evidenced by fossils like "Lucy" and footprints found at Laetoli. Starting around 125,000 years ago, Homo sapiens began migrating out of Africa, eventually settling in locations around the world like Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Approximately 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution began, marking the start of agriculture. Permanent settlements developed as farming produced more food than hunting and gathering, eventually leading to the rise of early civilizations like Sumer in Mesopotamia.
Economic systems
This document discusses economic systems and the production possibilities frontier. It defines an economic system as the way a country decides to use its resources and production factors. There are three main types of economic systems - traditional, market, and command economies. A traditional economy relies on customs, while a market economy uses supply and demand and a command economy has the government control production. Most countries now use a mixed economy. The production possibilities frontier model shows the maximum combinations of two goods an economy can produce with full efficiency and available resources. Its shape is bowed out due to the law of increasing opportunity costs. The frontier can shift due to economic growth, changes in resources, capital, or technology.
Philippine war political cartoons
The document lists 6 sets of cartoons from different publications between 1898-1901. Each set contains information about 2 cartoons including the publication name, year, and sometimes the title. Set A contains cartoons from Judge in 1899 and Life in 1900. Set B contains cartoons from Judge in 1899 and Life in 1900. Set C contains cartoons from Puck in 1901 and Life in 1898. Set D contains cartoons from Puck in 1899 and Life in 1899. Set E contains cartoons from Judge in 1899 and The World in 1898. Set F contains cartoons from Judge in 1900 and Life in 1899.
More from Brighton Alternative (20)
Economic goals
- 2. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS MARKET ā¢ Progress forced because of money ā¢ FREE CHOICE and INDIVIDUAL GAIN ā¢ NO GOVERNMENT. ONLY CONSUMERS & PRODUCERS ā¢ āTHOSE WHO DONāT WORK DO NOT EAT!ā COMMAND ā¢ Controlled job choice by GOVERNMENT ā¢ Provide NEEDS for society (country) ā¢ THE GOVāT Decides WHO GETS IT (needs it) ā¢ NO PRODUCERS. ONLY CONSUMERS & GOVERNMENT TRADITION ā¢ Progress is NOT Stressed. System based on CUSTOM and SURVIVAL ā¢ Encouraging and sharing to benefit all in community
- 3. WHY LEARN ABOUT PURE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS? No country has a āPUREā Economic system. ALL ARE MIXED USA = Market. BUT not completely because PURE CAPITALISM HAS FAULTS GOVERNMENT MUST STEP IN TO CORRECT THESE FAULTS There are trade-offs to how much or how little they step in. We need to evaluate what is GOOD and what is BAD in each system ļ in order to form an educated opinion.
- 4. 1. ECONOMIC FREEDOM ā¢ Consumers choice: to spend/save money ā¢ Producers Choice: Production process = MOST Profitable ā¢ Could Free choice ever actually restrict freedom? ā¢ With NO Government ļ Monopolies could exist.
- 5. 2. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY Technical Efficiency: ā¢ PROCESS ā getting the MOST output with the LEAST inputs ā¢ Make it as fast as you can and as cheap as you can ā¢ EXAMPLE: GM SUVs & Big Trucks Economic Efficiency: ā¢ Making products wanted or needed by public ā¢ Looks at cost for rest of society (Pollution) ā¢ What will benefit society as a whole Is it Possible to be Technically efficient, but NOT Economically Efficient?
- 6. 3. ECONOMIC EQUITY āFairnessā WHO RECEIVES What is produced? OPPORTUNITY: Equal Access Everyone has an equal shot to make money or be educated. RESULTS: Equal Amounts, income distribution Everyone has equal access. Communism: if you are sick you can go to the hospital. If you are hungry, you will get food.
- 7. 4. ECONOMIC SECURITY Protection against economic risks Job Loss, Injury, Economic Downturns, Fire, Bankruptcy GOVāT Protection : COMMAND (Programs) INDIVIDUAL Protection : Market (Insurance) How does each system promote it?
- 8. 5. FULL EMPLOYMENT USES ALL RESOURCES Efficiently LAND/LABOR/CAPITAL Specifically LABOR!!! Which system provides work for all? COMMAND ļ ALL WORK FOR COUNTRY
- 9. 6. PRICE STABILITY Absence of INFLATION and DEFLATION NOT going into a recession and NOT having explosive growth
- 10. 7. ECONOMIC GROWTH ā¢ Meeting the demands of population increases ā¢ Increasing the standard of living MORE GOODS, MORE SERVICES, MORE MONEYā¦HOW? MARKET = system pushes producers to make more goods/services because they get to KEEP the PROFIT! COMMAND = As population grows ļ GOVāT will need to increase and produce MORE GOODS/SERVICES
- 11. ASSIGNMENT On a lined sheet of paper letās analyze how the 7 goals interact with each other 1. With your group, come up with 3 different examples of how a change in one economic goal would affect and/or conflict with all the other economic goals. Write your examples on a lined sheet of paper. PRACTICE FOR QUIZ: 1. Put a star next to the two goals that are most important to you. Explain your reason (2 sentences) 2. Which system best accomplishes these 2 goals?