Wisconsin Clean Cities (WCC) received CMAQ program funding and partnered with Waukesha County Technical College (WCTC) to offer over-the-road trucks eco-driving training. Eco-driving involves learning techniques to maximize a vehicle's energy efficiency. The drivers were taught eco-driving skills such as progressive shifting, efficient route planning, vehicle checklists, emission reduction, anti-idling practices, and other fuel saving tips.
The document provides guidance on basic car maintenance to prevent bigger issues and save money. It lists several key areas of maintenance including changing the engine oil every 3,000-10,000 miles depending on the manufacturer; checking brake fluid levels regularly; checking and maintaining proper tire pressure weekly; and checking engine coolant levels for long trips. Regular maintenance of air filters, hoses, belts, and wiper blades is also recommended.
The document provides information on defensive driving techniques, road courtesy, and safety. It discusses factors that affect driving such as attitude, behavior, alcohol, drugs and fatigue. It outlines keys to effective defensive driving such as concentration, making driving plans and decisions, and maintaining a good view from the vehicle. It also provides tips on night driving, passing other vehicles safely, steering, braking, and ensuring one's vehicle and physical/mental state support safe driving.
The document discusses transmission fluids and service. It describes the functions of automatic transmission fluid (ATF) including transferring energy, lubricating, trapping contaminants, and cleaning internal parts. It also discusses common ATF types and additives that provide protection. The document outlines how to check ATF level and condition, including allowing the transmission to reach operating temperature first. It provides guidance on drain and fill procedures as well as filter replacement and band adjustment if needed. Potential transmission services like fluid exchanges are also discussed.
This document discusses various modes of public transportation. It describes buses, trains, metros/subways, trams, ferries, and airlines as common forms of public transit that can be used for travel within and between cities. High-speed rail networks are also mentioned as an emerging transportation option. Key benefits of public transportation are highlighted as being more affordable and environmentally friendly than private options, while also avoiding traffic congestion. Reliable public transit is presented as a convenient way to travel for both short and long distance trips.
This document summarizes different types of braking systems used in vehicles. It describes the basic requirements and components of braking systems. The main types discussed are drum brakes, disc brakes, and various power brakes such as hydraulic, vacuum, air, and electric brakes. It provides details on the construction and operation of these different braking methods. The purpose is to classify and explain the functioning of common braking technologies used to stop vehicle motion.
An intelligent fleet management system, which, will help you to track your fleet in real-time as well as manage them in an efficient and transparent manner.
The document discusses various aspects of toll plaza design and operation. It describes how tolls are collected to recover construction and maintenance costs. It also discusses different toll collection methods like manual, coin machines, and electronic toll collection. The optimal number of toll booths is determined using queuing theory to minimize total delay time from queuing and merging. Level of service for toll plazas is based on density and volume-to-capacity ratios. Numerical examples calculate total delay times and the optimum number of toll booths given traffic flow and toll booth parameters.
This document provides many tips for safe driving. It advises drivers to take driving safety seriously, be careful when making turns, avoid tailgating and drunk driving, wear a seatbelt, and maintain their vehicle. It also warns against distracted behaviors like using a phone while driving or running red lights, and recommends signaling before changing lanes, letting pedestrians cross first, and pulling over for emergency vehicles.
The document provides guidance on basic car maintenance to prevent bigger issues and save money. It lists several key areas of maintenance including changing the engine oil every 3,000-10,000 miles depending on the manufacturer; checking brake fluid levels regularly; checking and maintaining proper tire pressure weekly; and checking engine coolant levels for long trips. Regular maintenance of air filters, hoses, belts, and wiper blades is also recommended.
The document provides information on defensive driving techniques, road courtesy, and safety. It discusses factors that affect driving such as attitude, behavior, alcohol, drugs and fatigue. It outlines keys to effective defensive driving such as concentration, making driving plans and decisions, and maintaining a good view from the vehicle. It also provides tips on night driving, passing other vehicles safely, steering, braking, and ensuring one's vehicle and physical/mental state support safe driving.
The document discusses transmission fluids and service. It describes the functions of automatic transmission fluid (ATF) including transferring energy, lubricating, trapping contaminants, and cleaning internal parts. It also discusses common ATF types and additives that provide protection. The document outlines how to check ATF level and condition, including allowing the transmission to reach operating temperature first. It provides guidance on drain and fill procedures as well as filter replacement and band adjustment if needed. Potential transmission services like fluid exchanges are also discussed.
This document discusses various modes of public transportation. It describes buses, trains, metros/subways, trams, ferries, and airlines as common forms of public transit that can be used for travel within and between cities. High-speed rail networks are also mentioned as an emerging transportation option. Key benefits of public transportation are highlighted as being more affordable and environmentally friendly than private options, while also avoiding traffic congestion. Reliable public transit is presented as a convenient way to travel for both short and long distance trips.
This document summarizes different types of braking systems used in vehicles. It describes the basic requirements and components of braking systems. The main types discussed are drum brakes, disc brakes, and various power brakes such as hydraulic, vacuum, air, and electric brakes. It provides details on the construction and operation of these different braking methods. The purpose is to classify and explain the functioning of common braking technologies used to stop vehicle motion.
An intelligent fleet management system, which, will help you to track your fleet in real-time as well as manage them in an efficient and transparent manner.
The document discusses various aspects of toll plaza design and operation. It describes how tolls are collected to recover construction and maintenance costs. It also discusses different toll collection methods like manual, coin machines, and electronic toll collection. The optimal number of toll booths is determined using queuing theory to minimize total delay time from queuing and merging. Level of service for toll plazas is based on density and volume-to-capacity ratios. Numerical examples calculate total delay times and the optimum number of toll booths given traffic flow and toll booth parameters.
This document provides many tips for safe driving. It advises drivers to take driving safety seriously, be careful when making turns, avoid tailgating and drunk driving, wear a seatbelt, and maintain their vehicle. It also warns against distracted behaviors like using a phone while driving or running red lights, and recommends signaling before changing lanes, letting pedestrians cross first, and pulling over for emergency vehicles.
This presentation discusses anti-rollover technology incorporated in cars. Physics behind a car rollover, companies who have this technology. Also. various tests conducted to test rollover of a vehicle.
We need to be safe on roads, particularly in India as we have probably the highest rates of accidents and deatjs on roads due to various reasons. This presentation educates drivers as to what they need to do in order to make roads safe for themselves as well as for others
Road signs are important to maintain safety and order on roads. They communicate restrictions and hazards through shapes, colors, and symbols. Triangle signs with red borders warn of hazards, while circular red signs prohibit actions. Blue signs provide directional information. Traffic lights control vehicles and pedestrians at intersections. Other signs notify drivers of school zones, elderly people, speed limits, prohibited activities, road conditions, and more to help navigation and avoid accidents.
Transportation involves the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It plays an important role in industrial development, employment, and quality of life. There are various modes of transportation including road, rail, water, air, pipeline, and ropeway. Each mode has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like cost, speed, carrying capacity, and suitability for different cargo. Transportation costs are influenced by attributes of the product being moved as well as market-related considerations like distance, regulations, and traffic flows. Improving transportation efficiency can significantly impact overall logistics system performance by reducing costs.
The document provides an overview of automotive transmission systems, including their main components and functions. It discusses the purpose of the transmission to transmit power from the engine to the driving wheels through a system of gears that allows for different speed and torque ratios. The key components covered are the clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, differential, and axle. Manual, automated manual, automatic, continuously variable, and dual-clutch transmissions are also summarized.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of automobiles categorized based on the number of wheels. It discusses vehicles from single wheelers to four wheelers and beyond, including subcategories such as hatchbacks, sedans, SUVs, and more. Body styles, engine sizes, features, and common examples are outlined for each automobile type and segment.
Transportation is the movement of products from one node in the distribution channel to another.
Types of transportation are explained in detail in the presentation
This document discusses measuring the quality of car maintenance procedures and whether customers should follow manufacturer-recommended service schedules. It outlines common service procedures like checking and changing fluids and filters, inspecting components, and cleaning the vehicle. It also reviews literature on using the SERVQUAL model to measure service quality gaps and research showing engine reliability benefits from periodic oil changes. The conclusion is that following service schedules achieves high customer satisfaction, though continuous improvement is needed in maintenance processes.
Car-sharing in developing countries is a growing trend but still small. The research examined car-sharing in China, India, Brazil, Turkey and Mexico through literature reviews, expert interviews, and focus groups. Key findings include: market interest varies by location; car ownership aspirations and infrastructure pose barriers; but low car ownership and congestion provide opportunities. Focus groups in Bangalore and Hangzhou provided additional insights into user needs and potential impacts.
This document discusses defensive driving techniques for commercial vehicles. It aims to help drivers recognize hazards, avoid accidents, safely operate and maintain their vehicles, and respond to emergencies. Some key points covered include common driving hazards like reckless or distracted drivers, fatigue, and road conditions. It provides tips for safe driving practices like scanning ahead, maintaining space between vehicles, and adjusting speed for conditions. Emergency response procedures are also outlined such as placing warning signals and calling for help if stopping on the roadside. The overall goal is to help commercial drivers prevent injuries and deaths through safe driving habits.
The document discusses road safety and statistics related to road accidents worldwide and in India. Some key points:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents worldwide each year, with 3,000 deaths daily and 500 of them children.
- In India in 2007, 1,14,590 people were killed in road accidents, with Kerala accounting for 3,802 deaths.
- The annual economic loss due to road accidents in India is over Rs. 300,000 crores.
The document then provides various technological, infrastructural, educational, enforcement and other suggestions to improve road safety in India.
Driving is risky business. A defensive driving course is a great way to become a better driver.Here are some tips as per Champion Truck Lines of defensive driving
The document discusses the key components of an automobile, including the power plant (engine), chassis, transmission, body and controls, and accessories. It describes the basic layout of an automobile, including the powertrain and transmission systems. The main components are the engine (power plant), frame and chassis, transmission, body and controls. There are different arrangements for the power plant, including front-engine front-wheel drive, front-engine rear-wheel drive, and rear-engine rear-wheel drive. Four-wheel drive vehicles have an additional transfer box to divide torque between the front and rear wheels. The chassis and frames provide support for the other components and must meet requirements like strength, rigidity and weight.
The document discusses different braking systems used in railway vehicles. It begins by explaining that brakes are critical for stopping and controlling the speed of trains by converting their kinetic energy into heat. There are four main types of braking systems: pneumatic, electrodynamic, mechanical, and electromagnetic. Pneumatic braking uses air pressure and includes vacuum and compressed air systems. Electrodynamic braking uses traction motors to brake trains, while mechanical brakes use friction directly on the wheels. Electromagnetic braking is particularly important for high-speed trains where it provides efficient braking through magnets. The document explores these different systems in further detail and concludes that electromagnetic braking is the most efficient method for high-speed trains.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It discusses how transportation has influenced civilization and how technology is now converging on automobiles. ITS integrates advanced technologies like electronics, sensors and communications to provide travelers with safety and transportation efficiency. Benefits of ITS infrastructure from 1996-2016 included 43% accident cost savings and 41% time savings. The presentation covers technical aspects of ITS including wireless communication, computational technologies, and sensing technologies. It lists applications of ITS such as collision avoidance, automatic enforcement, and traveler information systems. The conclusion emphasizes using ITS to improve road safety, traffic management, and public transportation.
This document discusses various topics related to traffic engineering including:
1. Definitions of traffic volume, average annual daily traffic, travel time, running speed, and journey speed.
2. Methods for traffic studies and analysis such as spot speed studies, cumulative speed distribution curves, and origin-destination studies.
3. Factors that influence traffic capacity such as traffic volume, density, speed, space headway, and time headway.
4. Traffic control devices including traffic signals, signs, road markings, and designs of traffic signals and parking layouts.
5. Accident analysis methods for different collision types at intersections and between moving and stationary objects.
The document provides tips for driving in a fuel efficient and cost effective manner. It recommends driving less, carpooling, taking public transit, riding bikes, walking, and choosing a fuel efficient vehicle when possible. Additional tips include slowing down, maintaining proper tire pressure, removing excess weight from vehicles, learning hypermiling techniques like smooth driving and memorizing efficient routes, and trying eco-modifications to vehicles. Safety is emphasized when testing new fuel saving techniques.
This document provides information on defensive driving techniques for different age groups of drivers, safety tips, and hazard awareness. It discusses that younger drivers aged 16-20 have the highest number of aggressive driving crashes, while drivers tend to drive more cautiously after age 30. Key safety tips included are maintaining adequate following distance, checking mirrors frequently, scanning ahead, wearing seatbelts, driving within your abilities, and adjusting driving based on road and weather conditions. The document emphasizes defensive driving practices like avoiding confrontations, allowing other vehicles to merge safely, and using horns sparingly.
The document discusses various automobile safety systems such as ABS, collision warning systems, sturdy body cells, electronic stability control, blind spot detectors, survival cells, air bags, and seat belts. It provides details on how each system works, such as how ABS uses speed sensors and valves to allow wheels to maintain contact during braking. Safety is important for automakers and special departments work to improve safety. While safety systems help, following safe driving practices like wearing seat belts and avoiding speeding is also important for preventing accidents and injuries.
Geotab provides fleet management solutions including vehicle tracking and driver behavior monitoring. They have over 350,000 monitored vehicles globally. Their devices and proprietary software called Checkmate provide accurate trip data tracking and driver risk reports. Geotab is focused on quality and accuracy, completing over 2 million kilometers of testing before product launches.
This document discusses the potential for eco-driving technology to support reductions in carbon emissions from road transport. It summarizes research from a European project that tested various eco-driving systems with real drivers over 340,000 km of driving. The research found that on average, eco-driving guidance reduced fuel use and emissions by around 4%. Embedded vehicle systems and additions of haptic feedback achieved even higher reductions of up to 7%. While marginal, such savings could contribute to Europe's emissions reduction targets when combined with other initiatives. The effects were strongest on rural roads where drivers faced fewer constraints. Personalizing guidance to different driver motivations may further improve results.
This document outlines a project by General Motors to develop in-vehicle and mobile displays to encourage eco-friendly driving behavior using persuasive design principles. The goal is to teach drivers optimal driving patterns while engaging and adapting to users over time. Researchers conducted field studies with drivers to understand information needs and developed conceptual display designs. Designs were evaluated using GM's driving simulator to test effectiveness in promoting fuel-efficient driving habits. The document discusses the theoretical foundations of persuasive design and how they informed the project's research and iterative design process.
This presentation discusses anti-rollover technology incorporated in cars. Physics behind a car rollover, companies who have this technology. Also. various tests conducted to test rollover of a vehicle.
We need to be safe on roads, particularly in India as we have probably the highest rates of accidents and deatjs on roads due to various reasons. This presentation educates drivers as to what they need to do in order to make roads safe for themselves as well as for others
Road signs are important to maintain safety and order on roads. They communicate restrictions and hazards through shapes, colors, and symbols. Triangle signs with red borders warn of hazards, while circular red signs prohibit actions. Blue signs provide directional information. Traffic lights control vehicles and pedestrians at intersections. Other signs notify drivers of school zones, elderly people, speed limits, prohibited activities, road conditions, and more to help navigation and avoid accidents.
Transportation involves the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It plays an important role in industrial development, employment, and quality of life. There are various modes of transportation including road, rail, water, air, pipeline, and ropeway. Each mode has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like cost, speed, carrying capacity, and suitability for different cargo. Transportation costs are influenced by attributes of the product being moved as well as market-related considerations like distance, regulations, and traffic flows. Improving transportation efficiency can significantly impact overall logistics system performance by reducing costs.
The document provides an overview of automotive transmission systems, including their main components and functions. It discusses the purpose of the transmission to transmit power from the engine to the driving wheels through a system of gears that allows for different speed and torque ratios. The key components covered are the clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, differential, and axle. Manual, automated manual, automatic, continuously variable, and dual-clutch transmissions are also summarized.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of automobiles categorized based on the number of wheels. It discusses vehicles from single wheelers to four wheelers and beyond, including subcategories such as hatchbacks, sedans, SUVs, and more. Body styles, engine sizes, features, and common examples are outlined for each automobile type and segment.
Transportation is the movement of products from one node in the distribution channel to another.
Types of transportation are explained in detail in the presentation
This document discusses measuring the quality of car maintenance procedures and whether customers should follow manufacturer-recommended service schedules. It outlines common service procedures like checking and changing fluids and filters, inspecting components, and cleaning the vehicle. It also reviews literature on using the SERVQUAL model to measure service quality gaps and research showing engine reliability benefits from periodic oil changes. The conclusion is that following service schedules achieves high customer satisfaction, though continuous improvement is needed in maintenance processes.
Car-sharing in developing countries is a growing trend but still small. The research examined car-sharing in China, India, Brazil, Turkey and Mexico through literature reviews, expert interviews, and focus groups. Key findings include: market interest varies by location; car ownership aspirations and infrastructure pose barriers; but low car ownership and congestion provide opportunities. Focus groups in Bangalore and Hangzhou provided additional insights into user needs and potential impacts.
This document discusses defensive driving techniques for commercial vehicles. It aims to help drivers recognize hazards, avoid accidents, safely operate and maintain their vehicles, and respond to emergencies. Some key points covered include common driving hazards like reckless or distracted drivers, fatigue, and road conditions. It provides tips for safe driving practices like scanning ahead, maintaining space between vehicles, and adjusting speed for conditions. Emergency response procedures are also outlined such as placing warning signals and calling for help if stopping on the roadside. The overall goal is to help commercial drivers prevent injuries and deaths through safe driving habits.
The document discusses road safety and statistics related to road accidents worldwide and in India. Some key points:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents worldwide each year, with 3,000 deaths daily and 500 of them children.
- In India in 2007, 1,14,590 people were killed in road accidents, with Kerala accounting for 3,802 deaths.
- The annual economic loss due to road accidents in India is over Rs. 300,000 crores.
The document then provides various technological, infrastructural, educational, enforcement and other suggestions to improve road safety in India.
Driving is risky business. A defensive driving course is a great way to become a better driver.Here are some tips as per Champion Truck Lines of defensive driving
The document discusses the key components of an automobile, including the power plant (engine), chassis, transmission, body and controls, and accessories. It describes the basic layout of an automobile, including the powertrain and transmission systems. The main components are the engine (power plant), frame and chassis, transmission, body and controls. There are different arrangements for the power plant, including front-engine front-wheel drive, front-engine rear-wheel drive, and rear-engine rear-wheel drive. Four-wheel drive vehicles have an additional transfer box to divide torque between the front and rear wheels. The chassis and frames provide support for the other components and must meet requirements like strength, rigidity and weight.
The document discusses different braking systems used in railway vehicles. It begins by explaining that brakes are critical for stopping and controlling the speed of trains by converting their kinetic energy into heat. There are four main types of braking systems: pneumatic, electrodynamic, mechanical, and electromagnetic. Pneumatic braking uses air pressure and includes vacuum and compressed air systems. Electrodynamic braking uses traction motors to brake trains, while mechanical brakes use friction directly on the wheels. Electromagnetic braking is particularly important for high-speed trains where it provides efficient braking through magnets. The document explores these different systems in further detail and concludes that electromagnetic braking is the most efficient method for high-speed trains.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It discusses how transportation has influenced civilization and how technology is now converging on automobiles. ITS integrates advanced technologies like electronics, sensors and communications to provide travelers with safety and transportation efficiency. Benefits of ITS infrastructure from 1996-2016 included 43% accident cost savings and 41% time savings. The presentation covers technical aspects of ITS including wireless communication, computational technologies, and sensing technologies. It lists applications of ITS such as collision avoidance, automatic enforcement, and traveler information systems. The conclusion emphasizes using ITS to improve road safety, traffic management, and public transportation.
This document discusses various topics related to traffic engineering including:
1. Definitions of traffic volume, average annual daily traffic, travel time, running speed, and journey speed.
2. Methods for traffic studies and analysis such as spot speed studies, cumulative speed distribution curves, and origin-destination studies.
3. Factors that influence traffic capacity such as traffic volume, density, speed, space headway, and time headway.
4. Traffic control devices including traffic signals, signs, road markings, and designs of traffic signals and parking layouts.
5. Accident analysis methods for different collision types at intersections and between moving and stationary objects.
The document provides tips for driving in a fuel efficient and cost effective manner. It recommends driving less, carpooling, taking public transit, riding bikes, walking, and choosing a fuel efficient vehicle when possible. Additional tips include slowing down, maintaining proper tire pressure, removing excess weight from vehicles, learning hypermiling techniques like smooth driving and memorizing efficient routes, and trying eco-modifications to vehicles. Safety is emphasized when testing new fuel saving techniques.
This document provides information on defensive driving techniques for different age groups of drivers, safety tips, and hazard awareness. It discusses that younger drivers aged 16-20 have the highest number of aggressive driving crashes, while drivers tend to drive more cautiously after age 30. Key safety tips included are maintaining adequate following distance, checking mirrors frequently, scanning ahead, wearing seatbelts, driving within your abilities, and adjusting driving based on road and weather conditions. The document emphasizes defensive driving practices like avoiding confrontations, allowing other vehicles to merge safely, and using horns sparingly.
The document discusses various automobile safety systems such as ABS, collision warning systems, sturdy body cells, electronic stability control, blind spot detectors, survival cells, air bags, and seat belts. It provides details on how each system works, such as how ABS uses speed sensors and valves to allow wheels to maintain contact during braking. Safety is important for automakers and special departments work to improve safety. While safety systems help, following safe driving practices like wearing seat belts and avoiding speeding is also important for preventing accidents and injuries.
Geotab provides fleet management solutions including vehicle tracking and driver behavior monitoring. They have over 350,000 monitored vehicles globally. Their devices and proprietary software called Checkmate provide accurate trip data tracking and driver risk reports. Geotab is focused on quality and accuracy, completing over 2 million kilometers of testing before product launches.
This document discusses the potential for eco-driving technology to support reductions in carbon emissions from road transport. It summarizes research from a European project that tested various eco-driving systems with real drivers over 340,000 km of driving. The research found that on average, eco-driving guidance reduced fuel use and emissions by around 4%. Embedded vehicle systems and additions of haptic feedback achieved even higher reductions of up to 7%. While marginal, such savings could contribute to Europe's emissions reduction targets when combined with other initiatives. The effects were strongest on rural roads where drivers faced fewer constraints. Personalizing guidance to different driver motivations may further improve results.
This document outlines a project by General Motors to develop in-vehicle and mobile displays to encourage eco-friendly driving behavior using persuasive design principles. The goal is to teach drivers optimal driving patterns while engaging and adapting to users over time. Researchers conducted field studies with drivers to understand information needs and developed conceptual display designs. Designs were evaluated using GM's driving simulator to test effectiveness in promoting fuel-efficient driving habits. The document discusses the theoretical foundations of persuasive design and how they informed the project's research and iterative design process.
A study of 695 trucks found that eco-driving practices like accelerating and braking smoothly, avoiding hard turns, reducing excess idling and maintaining consistent speed can significantly reduce fuel consumption and costs. Before drivers took an eco-driving course, their average fuel consumption was 45,961 liters costing $48,629. This decreased 12% to 40,427 liters and $42,777 after the course, and 26% to 34,094 liters and $36,076 for the most fuel efficient drivers. Excessive speed accounts for 33% of fuel waste, engine idling 20%, and hard turns 16%.
The document provides details about the development of the eco:Drive product for Fiat. Some key points:
- eco:Drive was developed by AKQA, a global advertising agency, to help drivers improve their driving using data collected from the car.
- It took 4 months to build using Adobe AIR and Flex and involved a team of 5 developers.
- Importing driving data from the car posed challenges due to the large amounts of data collected once per second, but developers optimized the parsing and database writing to ensure a smooth user experience.
Unlocking Fuel Saving Technologies in Trucking and Fleets (Carbon War Room)_0Jeff Hamilton
This document discusses opportunities for reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the trucking and commercial vehicle sector through the adoption of proven efficiency technologies. It finds that if the Class 8 commercial vehicle fleet in the United States adopted just seven technologies, including improvements to aerodynamics, anti-idling devices, tires, transmissions, and routing, it could prevent the emission of 624 million tons of CO2 by 2022 while saving $26,400 per truck on average. Overcoming barriers like access to capital, split incentives between owners and operators, and lack of information will be important to drive widespread adoption of these economically beneficial technologies.
As usual, I suggest you download the full PowerPoint (PPTX) version of this talk to view the embedded animations and videos (which should enhance understandability). http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/talks.html
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In their State of Green Business report, the GreenBiz Group listed gamification as one of the top sustainable business trends of 2012, noting that game mechanics are increasingly used by companies to provide “rewards for making good, green choices” (Makower, 2012). In the last few years, we have seen a surge of interest in green gamification, which is beginning to touch upon nearly all aspects of our everyday life from cars that rank and reward fuel-efficient driving performance (e.g., the Nissan Leaf) to sanitation services that monitor and reward home recycling behavior (e.g., Recyclebank). As Ashok Kamal, the CEO of the green social media marketing company Bennu notes, this movement represents a “tidal wave of green gamification that is capturing the attention of the green community and the business community as a whole” (Cousteau, Kamal, Freeman, & Pank, 2012).
Given such vibrant enthusiasm surrounding “green gamification,” it is hard not to react with some degree of skepticism. Climate change, pollution, and other human-driven environmental ills are complex, multi-faceted problems—can gamification actually play a serious role in their solution? In this talk, I attempt to provide a partial answer by providing a teaser for my new chapter on gamifying green to come out this year in the book “The Gameful World” edited by Steffen P. Walz and Sebastian Deterding. To learn more, go here: www.gamefulworld.org.
Tony Maietta, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, gave an overview of the basics of idling and the effects it has on our environment, health, and economy.
How vehicle idling affects fleet businessTracko.co.in
Vehicle idling wastes fuel and increases costs for fleet businesses. It causes unnecessary extra fuel consumption, increased fuel and maintenance costs, and higher emissions. GPS tracking systems can help reduce idling by notifying managers when vehicles idle and producing reports on idling times and locations to identify inefficient drivers. Educating drivers on the impacts of idling and providing incentives for minimizing it can also help lower fuel use and costs.
This document provides tips for eco-driving to reduce fuel consumption. It recommends getting regular vehicle maintenance like oil changes, checking tire pressures which impacts rolling resistance, and removing unnecessary weight from your vehicle. When driving, it advises planning routes to minimize short trips, driving smoothly without unnecessary acceleration or braking, changing gears early, and maintaining safe speeds as fuel efficiency decreases significantly above 70mph. Additionally, it suggests turning off unnecessary electrical loads like air conditioning and headlights when not needed and shutting off your engine if idling for more than 5 minutes.
This document discusses idling reduction for vehicle fleets. It begins by explaining the high costs of vehicle idling in terms of fuel usage and pollution. It then discusses approaches and tools for reducing idling, including raising awareness, educating drivers, and considering idle-reducing technologies. The IdleBox toolkit provides calculators, fact sheets, and other resources to help fleet managers implement idling reduction programs.
This document provides tips on maintaining a vehicle and improving fuel efficiency. It discusses the importance of regular vehicle maintenance including daily pre-driving checks of lights, tires, fluids and inspection of the engine, as well as the benefits of driving habits like accelerating slowly, anticipating stops, avoiding unnecessary idling and reducing vehicle weight. Proper maintenance of filters and following the recommended servicing schedule can improve fuel efficiency.
The document discusses accelerating electric vehicle adoption. It covers why electric cars are fun, fast, clean and efficient; where electric cars are needed most like workplaces, airports and hotels; and how electric cars can be charged through installing stations at locations like worksites and schools. Novel low-cost payment approaches and complementary charging are suggested to promote adoption. Educational programs about electric vehicles for schools are also proposed.
Drive between 45-55 km/h to save up to 40% on fuel costs. Keep your engine well-maintained through regular tuning and servicing. Practice good braking habits by anticipating stops in advance to avoid unnecessary braking that wastes fuel. Shift gears correctly and get into top gear as soon as possible for city driving to reduce fuel consumption by up to 20%.
Drive between 45-55 km/h to save up to 40% on fuel costs. Keep your engine well-maintained through regular tuning and servicing. Practice good braking habits by anticipating stops in advance to avoid unnecessary braking that wastes fuel. Shift gears correctly and get into top gear as soon as possible for city driving to reduce fuel consumption by up to 20%.
NHS Sustainability Day 2015 - Gloucester Road Show4 All of Us
March 26th 2015 , NHS Sustainability day is one day in a sustained campaign, yet it provides a focus for organisations to participate on that day in initiating or continuing progress on achieving better sustainability practice. It has now attracted senior level endorsement within the NHS and from the Prime Minister.
The campaign of regional road-shows gives health-workers across the country the chance to participate in networking, learning about best practice and innovative ideas. The national awards scheme recognises and publicises this achievement. The tools and case studies contained within this website will provide you access to proven technologies, methods and projects that have yielded great results.
And remember all change starts with a single action.
This document provides guidelines for organizations to reduce their environmental impact and become more sustainable. It covers topics like commuting, transportation, electricity, water, heating and cooling, waste reduction, recycling, and hazardous materials. The guidelines suggest concrete actions organizations can take such as encouraging employees to use public transportation, installing more efficient lighting, reducing paper and single-use plastic consumption, improving recycling programs, and properly handling hazardous materials. The overall aim is to help organizations save costs while protecting the environment.
India has significant natural resources that are under pressure from population growth. Its total cultivable area is decreasing and now accounts for 56.78% of total land area. It has substantial water resources and receives average annual rainfall of 1,100 mm. Irrigation accounts for 92% of water usage and is expected to rise significantly by 2025. India also has abundant mineral resources including coal, iron ore, bauxite, natural gas, and thorium. It is rich in certain renewable resources like solar and wind but relies heavily on coal and foreign oil imports to meet its growing energy needs.
7 Tips for Saving Money on Your Fleet ExpensesBrian Dziuk
This document provides 7 tips for saving money on fleet expenses: 1) focus on preventative maintenance to prevent breakdowns and reduce costs, 2) minimize engine idle time which wastes fuel, 3) track wasteful driving behaviors, 4) consider using fuel cards to find the cheapest gas prices, 5) establish pre-approved fuel stops to cover taxes in different states, 6) employ strong anti-theft technology to protect vehicles, and 7) use GPS tracking to obtain driver behavior, vehicle performance and location data.
The document discusses accelerating electric vehicle adoption. It addresses why people should buy electric cars by explaining their benefits like being fun, fast, clean and efficient. It discusses where electric cars could be used, focusing on workplace charging since most driving is commuting to and from work. Finally, it covers how to charge electric cars, suggesting installing charging stations where most needed like workplaces, and considering novel low-cost payment approaches like complimentary "level-free" charging and educational programs for schools.
This document discusses ways to improve truck efficiency to reduce emissions. It notes that transportation is a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Various technologies and practices are described that can improve fuel efficiency in trucks by 5-10%, such as idle reduction devices, aerodynamic upgrades, low rolling resistance tires, and driver training. It also discusses regulatory programs and partnerships like SmartWay that promote the use of efficient truck technologies and recognize fleet operators that voluntarily improve efficiency.
Challenger is committed to environmental sustainability through various initiatives to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. This includes specifying aerodynamic equipment, establishing idle reduction targets using anti-idling technologies for over 80% of its fleet, and developing additional technologies using electricity. Challenger also uses technologies like super single tires, low resistance tires, cab extenders, fuel tank skirts, and trailer skirts to improve fuel efficiency. Alternative power units and bunk heaters provide heating and cooling without running the large truck engine. Challenger's headquarters was designed with sustainability features like energy efficiency and it received LEED certification. Challenger is also a SmartWay Transport Partner working to reduce greenhouse gases and other emissions.
To improve fuel efficiency, drivers should:
1) Drive between 45-55 km/h to reduce wind resistance and get up to 40% more mileage than at higher speeds.
2) Accelerate and decelerate slowly to avoid unnecessary fuel use.
3) Get regular tune-ups and service to keep the engine running efficiently and save up to 6% on fuel.
On the following pages we've compiled a selection of the best tips on how to save fuel. Your pocket will benefit
and so will the environment – and the more relaxed style of driving will ease the strain on your nerves as well. But
best of all: once you've put these tips into practice, you're never likely to forget them. Just like you never forget
how to ride a bike.
The document discusses micro hybrid technology, also known as start-stop systems. It aims to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by automatically shutting off the engine when stopped and restarting it quickly. This technology cuts emissions by 5-10% in city driving with relatively low implementation costs compared to hybrid or electric vehicles. Key components include an engine, starter alternator system, battery, and e-booster. When the brake is applied, kinetic energy is stored in the e-booster and released to assist acceleration. Many automakers are adopting this technology to meet fuel efficiency standards.
Similar to Eco-Driving for Class 8 Over-the-Road Trucks (20)
The SmartWay® Program is a public-private initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution created by freight transportation in corporate supply chains.
Presenters included:
- Tim Verbeke, Wisconsin Clean Cities
- Patrice Thornton, SmartWay Program
- Joel Hirschboeck, Kwik Trip
The document summarizes Wisconsin Clean Cities' efforts to promote alternative fuels and reduce petroleum consumption in Wisconsin. It provides data on fuel consumption in the state and lists the goals of the Wisconsin Smart Fleet Program partnership, which are to reduce fleet carbon footprints, promote smart fleet branding, and help fleets meet economic goals by providing planning tools. It also recognizes top participating fleets and thanks sponsors for their support.
Lorrie Lisek & Erika Noble, Wisconsin Clean Cities, recognize the efforts and many successes of the members for reducing their dependence on petroleum-based fuels, implementing alternative fuel vehicles and infrastructure, and for helping improve our air quality.
2015 Fall Propane Autogas Roundtable - GO Riteway Transportation PresentationWisconsin Clean Cities
Jason Ebert, GO Riteway Transportation Group, presented information on their fleet propane autogas experiences and initiatives for our Propane Autogas Roundtable in Oak Creek, WI.
2015 Fall Propane Autogas Roundtable - Propane Education & Research Council P...Wisconsin Clean Cities
Jeremy Wishart, Propane Education and Research Council, presented an overview on Propane Autogas Basics and Benefits for our Propane Autogas Roundtable in Oak Creek, WI.
2015 Fall Propane Autogas Roundtable - Port Washington Police Department Pres...Wisconsin Clean Cities
Captain Mike Keller, Port Washington Police Department, presented information on their fleet propane autogas experiences and initiatives for our Propane Autogas Roundtable in Oak Creek, WI.
Maria Redmond, WI State Energy Office and Lorrie Lisek, WI Clean Cities, presented information on the Propane Autogas Initiatives and Updates for our Propane Autogas Roundtable in Oak Creek, WI.
Steve Lussier, McNeilus, presented information on the Natural Gas Fleet Applications for Concrete Mixers for our Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable in Mequon, WI.
Rich DeBoer, Ozinga, presented information on the Natural Gas Fleet Applications for Concrete Mixers for our Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable in Mequon, WI.
Chip Uppling, Peapod, presented information on the Natural Gas Applications for Fleets for our Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable in Mequon, WI.
Joel Hirschboeck, Kwik Trip, presented information on the Natural Gas Applications for Off-Road Vehicles for our Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable in Mequon, WI.
2015 Fall Natural Gas Roundtable - Wisconsin Clean Cities & Wisconsin State E...Wisconsin Clean Cities
Maria Redmond, WI State Energy Office and Lorrie Lisek, WI Clean Cities, presented information on the Natural Gas Initiatives Updates for our Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable in Mequon, WI.
Wisconsin State Energy Office Presentation - 2015 Green Vehicles Workshop & S...Wisconsin Clean Cities
Maria Redmond, Wisconsin State Energy Office, gave an overview of the status and future of transportation fuel technologies in Wisconsin for the 12th Annual Green Vehicles Workshop held on April 21, 2015 at the Milwaukee Area Technical College.
Jessy Servi, Outpost Natural Foods Coop, gave an overview of their fleet, what alternatives they are implementing, and how they are a smart fleet of the future for the 12th Annual Green Vehicles Workshop held on April 21, 2015 at the Milwaukee Area Technical College.
Milwaukee Area Technical College Presentation - 2015 Green Vehicles Workshop ...Wisconsin Clean Cities
This document summarizes a presentation on the effects of transportation emissions on air quality in Southeastern Wisconsin. It discusses how combustion of fuels like gasoline and diesel produces particles and gases that can lead to ground-level ozone formation through reactions with nitrogen oxides and other compounds. Areas that exceed ozone limits are designated as "nonattainment zones" and required to take measures to reduce emissions. The document also briefly discusses climate change and the need to transition away from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Marquette university presentation - 2015 Green Vehicles Workshop & ShowcaseWisconsin Clean Cities
Maria Redmond, Wisconsin State Energy Office, gave an overview of the status and future of transportation fuel technologies in Wisconsin for the 12th Annual Green Vehicles Workshop held on April 21, 2015 at the Milwaukee Area Technical College.
Justin Fons, Drive$mart Wisconsin, gave an overview of the changes and trends for electric vehicles for the 12th Annual Green Vehicles Workshop held on April 21, 2015 at the Milwaukee Area Technical College.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency SmartWay Program Overview WebinarWisconsin Clean Cities
Erika Noble, Wisconsin Clean Cities (WCC), gave an overview of WCC and why they became involved with the SmartWay Program. Patrice Thornton, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, discussed what the SmartWay Program is and how fleets can get involved.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
3. 1. Replace petroleum with alternative and renewable fuels, including natural
gas, propane, electricity, ethanol, biodiesel, and hydrogen;
2. Reduce petroleum consumption through smarter driving practices and fuel
economy improvements; and
3. Eliminate petroleum use through idle reduction and other fuel-saving
technologies and practices.
Clean Cities is on track to meet its goal of saving
2.5 billion gallons of petroleum per year by 2020.
To achieve this goal, Clean Cities employs three
strategies:
7. Progressive Shifting
What is progressive shifting?
There are 2 parts to progressive shifting:
1. As the word implies you will use all the gears, starting with the lowest gear and moving up.
2. The second part is shifting at lower RPMs and increasing slightly with every shift.
This is where you start out in Granny gear: YES the lowest gear possible.
Low gear is a momentum gear it is designed to get the 30,000 pound empty weight moving after
that you shift every 1000 RPMs.
You also must use every single gear.
When to use it?
Stop sign to stop sign driving, stop light, exit ramps any time safety is down to a minimum.
Why should I use progressive shifting? What are the benefits technique?
Every time you follow this process and do it correctly you will save one tenth of a gallon of
fuel.
Now one tenth of a gallon in a milk jug is not much but do this ten times a day and you save a
gallon. ($4.00 per day X 250 days = $1000)
Less ware and tear on the engine, transmission and the drive train = less down time for your
truck.
May save time in “getting up to speed.”
8. Shifting for Fuel Economy
Use tachometer and speedometer as shifting cues.
Experienced drivers have learned when to shift via listening to the engine sound.
You need to use the tachometer and speedometer to retrain your ears to the proper
shifting points.
Avoid lugging or over-revving engine.
It is more difficult to lug the engine these days because of the high torque and low RPM
set up. However you must be cautious in any event of over revving.
Don’t force transmission into gear.
Knowing when to shift is critical, you need to make sure you are in the right gear for the
right speed for the peak Torque and HP range.
Keep in mind that if the transmission is “fighting” you that you are probably trying to go
into the wrong gear.
9. Progressive Shifting Described
Starting in (1st, low, Granny gear)
Upshift between 900 - 1300 rpm in lower gears
(varies per truck)
Upshift between 1400 – 1600 rpm in upper gears
(varies per truck)
Downshift around 1100-1200 rpm (varies per truck)
10.
11. Avoid Rapid Starts
• Rapid starts burn excessive fuel
because the engine is winding
too high of rpm’s.
12. Shifting for Grades
Avoid downshifting too early.
The steepness and length of the grade, as well as the weight of the
load and road conditions must all be taken into consideration when
approaching an upgrade.
Slight “lugging” is OK as long as road speed is maintained.
Keep rpm as low as possible on the way up the grade – high rpm
consumes more fuel that cannot be recovered on the downgrade.
Use appropriate upgrade and downgrade techniques if driving in
mountains or large hills.
13. Cruise in Top Gear
Operate in the highest
gear possible – do not run
one gear down.
Keep engine below 1500
rpm (varies per truck).
14. Rolling Under Power
Anticipate slowdowns and stops.
Roll in gear as long as possible to improve overall fuel
economy.
By slowing down and keeping under power, you will
be able to keep your momentum going forward and
be ready to apply power more quickly when needed.
It takes more fuel to start a vehicle from a complete
stop than from a slow roll.
Do not “coast” with the clutch engaged. You are not
in full control of the vehicle.
15. Braking
Use the braking system to slow the
momentum of the vehicle –
excessive engine braking wastes
fuel.
Try to use your vehicle brakes more.
The old habit of hard engine
braking to slow the vehicle down
wastes fuel.
Engine braking is still a useful tool
when used in appropriate
situations.
20. Road Design
Interstate system –
freeway, toll-way.
Two lane urban/rural –
straight, high or low speed
curves.
Two lane city – stoplights,
stop signs, roundabouts…
21. Traffic Patterns (Time of Day)
Speed Changes
Sudden braking –
loss of kinetic
energy.
22.
23. What Is Idling?
Nearly all vehicle types can idle, and they do so for many reasons and for varying periods of
time. The vehicle operator is usually in charge of whether to idle the vehicle.
While this definition is generally good, it suggests that a good solution is to just turn the key.
While that’s sometimes true, it’s more complicated than that. With the current state of
technology, some types of engine idling are easier to remedy than others.
Educating drivers, fleet managers, and other decision-makers about the consequences of
unnecessary idling—and ways to reduce it—is one of Clean Cities’ goals.
When a vehicle is running for nonpropulsion
purposes, it is idling.
24. What Is Idling?
When a vehicle is running for nonpropulsion
purposes, it is idling.
Examples
• Trucks idling while in queue.
• Vehicles waiting to load/unload
passengers or goods, including:
• Delivery trucks
• Shuttle buses
• Taxis
25. Some Idling Is Difficult To Avoid
• Sometimes, idling is difficult to avoid, usually when there is a non-propulsion need for
power (some work vehicles are equipped with “power take-off” or PTO). “Idling for power”
does not have a one-size-fits-all solution. The best solution will depend on the particular
power needs.
• Long-haul trucks may idle to provide heating or cooling for drivers during overnight rest
periods. Police cars may idle not only to power warning lights and communications
equipment, but to be “at the ready.”
• Knowing the “why” of idling is important for evaluating potential solutions. Optimal solutions
for delivery trucks will likely be different from those for work trucks.
• Running emergency lights and other auxiliaries (emergency vehicles, utility vehicles).
• Powering HVAC (all vehicle types, for operator and passenger comfort in extreme weather).
• Performing nonpropulsion (PTO) work (bucket trucks, sewer-line maintenance trucks, wood chippers).
26. Most Idling Is Wasteful
Waiting in Queue
• Delivery trucks, transit buses and motor coaches, shuttle
buses, taxis, railroad crossings.
Engine Warming
• Today’s vehicles warm up faster by being driven than idling.
Sitting in Vehicle
• During lunch breaks, to complete paperwork, to make phone
calls.
Eliminating unnecessary idling is a very low-hanging fruit.
It’s money in your pocket or in your fuel budget. Often, no
investment is required and savings are immediate.
28. • Each gallon of fuel burned produces about 20 pounds of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
• Nationally, 27% of greenhouse gas emissions come from transportation.
• Pollution from motor vehicles contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone.
• Each year, U.S. passenger vehicles, light trucks, medium-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles
consume more than 6 billion gallons of diesel fuel and gasoline combined—without even
moving.
• Roughly half of that fuel is wasted by passenger vehicles (cars and light trucks), and the
remaining half by medium- and heavy-duty vehicles.
• Generally, the bigger the vehicle’s engine, the more fuel it consumes when idling.
• In addition, idling vehicles emit carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates (PM10
and PM2.5), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions, along with noise from idling vehicles,
have led to many local and state restrictions on idling.
Idling Pollutes
29. Idling Threatens Health
• The most significant health impacts of transportation stem from
tailpipe emissions.
• Particulate matter irritates the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs,
contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses and even
premature death.
• Ozone can inflame and damage the airways and aggravate lung
diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic
bronchitis.
31. You Can . . .
Step 1: Be AWARE
Reducing idling saves money and protects the air.
• Turn off vehicles when not moving.
• Set policy to reduce unnecessary idling.
• Identify nonvehicle solutions when possible.
• Consider alternative power sources to provide necessary
services.
32. You Can . . .
Step 2: EDUCATE Drivers
Inform your drivers about idling reduction.
• Adopt an idling reduction policy.
• Host an idling reduction workshop for drivers.
• Post signs to remind drivers NOT to idle.
• Ask drivers to make a pledge to idling reduction.
• Offer incentives/rewards for idling reduction efforts.
33. You Can . . .
Step 3: CONSIDER Technology
Engine Idle Management Systems
• These systems simply shut down a vehicle’s engine after a preset amount of time, such as 3
minutes.
Heaters for Cab and/or Engine Block
• These units use much less fuel than idling an engine. Engine block heaters warm an engine (or
keep it warm) to avoid the prolonged idling required for the warm-up of some diesel engines.
Auxiliary Power Systems
• Auxiliary power systems provide power for HVAC, electronics, and other devices. Some systems
provide power for power take-off (PTO) equipment.
Electrified Parking Spaces
• Electrified parking spaces (EPS) allow truck drivers to shut off their engines and power HVAC,
electronics, and more with electricity.
Finally, some fleet management telematics systems enable the monitoring of vehicles’ idling times.
Identifying “high idlers” or unexpected idling patterns may be a first step in devising a plan to
reduce idling.
34. Idle Thoughts
Limit Warm-Up Time
Use Auxiliary Power Units
Excessive idling wastes fuel, adds contaminants to the oil, and adds
carbons to the combustion chamber. Reduction of idle time from 50%
to 25% can improve fuel economy up to 4%.
The engine will warm up and approach operating temperature while
you are driving at low RPM’s and low power as you begin you trip.
Use an APU for heating and cooling the cab when stopped (5
Minutes- overnight). The APU will use about 1 gallon of fuel per night
as opposed to 1.5 gallons per hour on the main engine.
36. Keep Vehicle Speed Down
Fuel economy drops about one tenth of a mile per gallon
for every mile over 55mph.
Example:
5 mpg at 65 mph
6 mpg at 55 mph
125,000 miles per year
$3.00 per gallon
How much would you save by driving at 55 mph instead of
65? $12,501!
37. Cruise Control
Using cruise control helps
maintain average speed
and aids in better fuel
economy.
Use as much as traffic
patterns and weather
permit.
38. Rolling Under Power
Roll in gear and under control!
By slowing down and keeping under
power, you will be able to keep your
momentum going forward and be ready
to apply power more quickly when
needed. It takes more fuel to start a
vehicle from a complete stop than from a
slow roll.
Do not “coast” with the clutch engaged.
You are not in full control of the vehicle.
39. Size and Type of Load
Empty
Loaded - Partially or Fully
Over-Sized
Type of Trailer
Trailers – flat bed, curtain side, van, refrigerated, doubles,
triples, tankers…
Will the load shift? (liquid in tankers, livestock, sand/gravel,
etc.)
40. Weather
Precipitation (rain, snow, fog, sleet…)
Traction is necessary to start and stop the vehicle – less friction
between the road and the tires, means less traction.
Visibility may be helped by slowing down
Head winds as opposed to trailing winds.
Cross winds – slow down!
Temperature and Humidity
Air density increases fuel consumption.
Humidity increases drag.
41. This can go a long way in ensuring your vehicle’s safe and
efficient operation
It’s also required by Law!
42. Pre-Trip Inspection
Complete a full pre-trip inspection each time you get into the vehicle for a new shift.
Tire Pressure
Improperly inflated tires can reduce fuel economy.
Tires that are 10 psi too low can decrease fuel economy by 0.05%.
Low inflation also diminishes tire life expectancy.
Proper Lubrication
Reduces friction and wear.
Check Braking System
Allows for proper control if adjusted and maintained.
No loss of forward momentum by grabbing or sticking brakes.
43. En-Route Inspection
Allows drivers to recheck important
areas of the vehicle and take
appropriate maintenance steps while in
a relatively safe environment.
Saves breakdowns on the road – saves
fuel, time, major repair bills, and
aggravation for you, and time and fuel
for the “gawkers” that slow down and
cause the backup to see you alongside
the road.
46. Fuel at Night or Early Morning?
This often considered myth is actually true.
o Heat creates vapors which take up space in your tank.
o Fueling in the morning or at night means lower
temperatures creating less vapors thereby leaving more
room for fuel.
47. Alternate Fuel Usage
Natural Gas Engines (Compressed Natural Gas & Liquefied Natural Gas)
Natural gas is a clean-burning alternative fuel that offers a number of advantages to users.
It is colorless, non-corrosive and odorless, though an odorant is commonly added to aid in leak detection.
A switch from diesel to natural gas has the potential to result in lower levels of emissions, including Nox
and PM.
Natural gas is also generally less expensive than diesel or gasoline.
Propane Engines (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
Propane is a low carbon, clean burning fuel, a switch to propane has the potential to result in reductions of
hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide (CO), Nox, and GHG emissions.
Propane is also nontoxic, so it is not harmful to soil or water when spilled or leaked.
Engines Certified for Biodiesel
Produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or biomass conversion.
B5 – 5% biodiesel, 95% petroleum diesel can be used in any diesel vehicle.
B20 – 20% biodiesel, 80% petroleum diesel must be used for engines certified by the manufacturer.
Significant reductions of PM, CO, and hydrocarbon emissions can be achieved with B20 blends.
Minor impacts to torque and fuel economy are related to the lower energy density of biodiesel fuels.
Microturbines (Auxiliary Power Unit)
It charges batteries which in turn power an electric motor that drives the wheels of the vehicle.
The microturbine can be fueled with natural gas, waste methane, biodiesel, diesel, or propane.
49. Reduce Trailer Drag
Trailer Gap Reduction
Minimizing trailer gap enhances the truck
aerodynamics, which improves fuel economy.
Every 12” increase in trailer gap results in a 1% decrease
in fuel economy.
Trailer Skirts
Trailer “Boat Tails”
50. Air Conditioning vs. Windows Down
Keep the windows open until 50 mph then close them for less drag.
Don’t run with “fan on” while driving – unless needed. The engine fan draws 60
to 80 hp and reduces fuel economy.
It depends on your driving speed, but there are times when using the air
conditioning system can be more fuel efficient then rolling the windows down.
Based on a study conducted by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),
driving with the windows up and the air conditioning on is typically a more fuel
efficient way to drive. The study concluded that the more aerodynamic the
vehicle, the more drag open windows will create. So, when traveling at speeds
around 50mph or faster, air conditioning is usually a better bet.
51. Wrap Up
Progressive Shifting
Efficient Route Plans
Reduce Idle Time
Speed and Space
Inspections
Introduce yourself and the other instructors, be brief. WCTC’s NO TOBACCO policy.Ask the drivers direct questions such as How long have you been driving? How long with their company? How big of a company?What is your job title? (Just in case there is a supervisor)Ask the drivers why they think they are here for this training. Then explain to them that we are not here to teach them how to drive but to provide additional information to help them to be the best drivers they can be.
Today we are hear to address points two and three. We will also briefly touch on point one.
Brief welcome – completed.Simulator experience – Introduce students to the simulators as a learning and measuring tool – Simulators are not trucks!Class time – present information on the four learning objectives: 1. Perform progressive shifting; 2. Create efficient route plans; 3. Develop speed and space management techniques; and 4. Conduct proper inspections to maintain vehicle.“Over the road” practice – Instructors will demonstrate progressive shifting in a real tractor – students will then get to try with the instructors guidance. Wrap up – Thank students for participating and set up a “recheck” appointment (four weeks out).
This class may be a great opportunity to improve your fuel economy. Improvement would normally apply to experienced drivers. Most of us learned how to shift from “old school drivers”. This doesn’t mean they gave you bad information but they may have been taught differently based on older technology. Our goal is to show you a better method to shift to gain the maximum efficiency of your vehicle.
The techniques you will learn today will work on all manual transmissions.
There are 2 parts to progressive shifting:As the word implies you will use all the gears, starting with the lowest gear and moving up.The second part is shifting at lower RPMs and increasing slightly with every shift.This is where you start out in Granny gear YES the lowest gear possible. Low gear is a momentum gear it is designed to get the 30,000 pound empty weight moving after that you shift every 1000 RPMs. You also must use every single gear.When to use it? Stop sign to stop sign driving, stop light, exit ramps any time safety is down to a minimum.Every time you follow this process and do it correctly you will save one tenth of a gallon of fuel.Now one tenth of a gallon in a milk jug is not much but do this ten times a day and you save a gallon. ($4.00 per day X 250 days = $1000)Less ware and tear on the engine, transmission and the drive train = less down time for your truck.May save time in “getting up to speed”
Experienced drivers have learned when to shift via listening to the engine sound. You need to use the tachometer and speedometer to retrain your ears to the proper shifting points.It is more difficult to lug the engine these days because of the high torque and low RPM set up. However you must be cautious in any event of over revving.Keep in mind that if the transmission is “fighting” you that you are probably trying to go into the wrong gear. Knowing when to shift is critical, you need to make sure you are in the right gear for the right speed for the peak Torque and HP range.
Starting in (1st, low, Granny gear)
Rapid starts burn excessive fuel because the engine is winding too high of rpm’s. Try progressive shifting.
The steepness and length of the grade, as well as the weight of the load and road conditions must all be taken into consideration when approaching an upgrade. Use appropriate upgrade and downgrade techniques if driving in mountains or large hills.
By slowing down and keeping under power, you will be able to keep your momentum going forward and be ready to apply power more quickly when needed. It takes more fuel to start a vehicle from a complete stop than from a slow roll. Do not “coast” with the clutch engaged. You are not in full control of the vehicle.
Try to use your vehicle brakes more. The old habit of hard engine braking to slow the vehicle down wastes fuel. Engine braking is still a useful tool when used in appropriate situations.
Don’t run with “fan on” while driving – unless needed. The engine fan draws 60 to 80 hp and reduces fuel economy.
Rolling resistance to tires.ConcreteAsphaltGravel
Tire scuffing – especially spread axle.
First, let’s define idling. For our purposes, idling is running a vehicle engine for nonpropulsion purposes. Nearly all vehicle types can idle, and they do so for many reasons and for varying periods of time. The vehicle operator is usually in charge of whether to idle the vehicle.While this definition is generally good, it suggests that a good solution is to just turn the key. While that’s sometimes true, it’s more complicated than that. With the current state of technology, some types of engine idling are easier to remedy than others. We’ll talk about these issues a little later in the presentation. Educating drivers, fleet managers, and other decision-makers about the consequences of unnecessary idling—and ways to reduce it—is one of Clean Cities’ goals.
First, let’s define idling. For our purposes, idling is running a vehicle engine for nonpropulsion purposes. Nearly all vehicle types can idle, and they do so for many reasons and for varying periods of time. The vehicle operator is usually in charge of whether to idle the vehicle.While this definition is generally good, it suggests that a good solution is to just turn the key. While that’s sometimes true, it’s more complicated than that. With the current state of technology, some types of engine idling are easier to remedy than others. We’ll talk about these issues a little later in the presentation. Educating drivers, fleet managers, and other decision-makers about the consequences of unnecessary idling—and ways to reduce it—is one of Clean Cities’ goals.
Sometimes, idling is difficult to avoid, usually when there is a nonpropulsion need for power. (Some work vehicles are equipped with “power take-off” or PTO.) “Idling for power” does not have a one-size-fits-all solution. The best solution will depend on the particular power needs. Long-haul trucks may idle to provide heating or cooling for drivers during overnight rest periods. Police cars may idle not only to power warning lights and communications equipment, but to be “at the ready.”Knowing the “why” of idling is important for evaluating potential solutions. Optimal solutions for delivery trucks will likely be different from those for work trucks.
A long time ago, fuel was cheap and engines finicky. Vehicles were sometimes hard to start and especially hard to restart if you accidently pumped the gas pedal and “flooded” your warmed-up, carburetor-equipped engine. Those of us who remember those days may feel uncomfortable turning our engines on and off frequently. What if my vehicle doesn’t restart? Won’t I wear out my starter? With today’s advanced vehicle technology, the answer to both of these questions is, No.Unnecessary idling often occurs:During the course of pickup and deliveries (of not only goods, but people, as with taxis and coach transport).At businesses with drive-through windows or in convenience store-parking lots (someone “runs in” for coffee).At railroad crossings.With the misuse of remote starters.Eliminating unnecessary idling is a very low-hanging fruit. It’s money in your pocket or in your fuel budget. Often, no investment is required and savings are immediate.
Each year, U.S. passenger vehicles, light trucks, medium-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles consume more than 6 billion gallons of diesel fuel and gasoline combined—without even moving. Roughly half of that fuel is wasted by passenger vehicles (cars and light trucks), and the remaining half by medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. Generally, the bigger the vehicle’s engine, the more fuel it consumes when idling. In addition, idling vehicles emit carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions, along with noise from idling vehicles, have led to many local and state restrictions on idling.Source: Argonne National Laboratory, http://www.transportation.anl.gov/engines/idling_research.html
Source, Bullet 1: American Lung Association, Energy Policy Development: Transportation Background Document, Prepared by M.J. Bradley & Associates LLC, February 2011, http://www.lung.org/healthy-air/outdoor/resources/%09http:/www.lung.org/healthy-air/outdoor/resources/transportation-backgrounder.pdfSource, Bullet 2: EPA, Health Effects of Particulate Matter, http://www.epa.gov/airquality/particlepollution/health.html.Source, Bullet 3: EPA, Ground-Level Ozone Health Effects, http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/health.html.
Idling reduction is often called the “low-hanging fruit of fuel economy.” Unlike some other fuel-economy and emissions-reduction undertakings, such as purchasing a hybrid or an alternative-fuel vehicle, idling reduction is something almost any driver can do immediately, to some degree.Some solutions merely require awareness. For example, turning off the vehicle engine while waiting at train crossings, bridge lifts, and other stops presents no negative outcomes for most drivers. Temperature-controlled waiting rooms at delivery destinations provide a nonvehicle solution for driver comfort. In cases where power is required onboard the vehicle, a variety of technologies may be considered.
For idling reduction not related to driver rest periods, no investment is necessarily required. Fuel savings and emission reductions are immediate. You might call it, “real-time fuel savings.” Each week, a driver can save money, reduce engine wear, and contribute to cleaner air. Policies to reduce unnecessary idling can also be implemented. A policy might state, for example, that vehicles may idle for no longer than 3 minutes. This type of policy can be applied to your fleet vehicles as well as to vehicles delivering to or visiting your location. Driver training on fuel use reduction usually involves specifics on how to curb idling as well as other tactics. Some local Clean Cities Coalitions provide driver training programs or have information on such resources in their service area.
Engine idle management systems simply shut down a vehicle’s engine after a preset amount of time, such as 3 minutes.Vehicle operators who need heat for the cab or passenger compartment might consider air heaters. These units use much less fuel than idling an engine. Engine block heaters warm an engine (or keep it warm) to avoid the prolonged idling required for the warm-up of some diesel engines.Auxiliary power systems provide power for HVAC, electronics, and other devices. Some systems provide power for power take-off (PTO) equipment. Electrified parking spaces (EPS) allow truck drivers to shut off their engines and power HVAC, electronics, and more with electricity. Finally, some fleet management telematics systems enable the monitoring of vehicles’ idling times. Identifying “high idlers” or unexpected idling patterns may be a first step in devising a plan to reduce idling.
Excessive idling wastes fuel, adds contaminants to the oil, and adds carbons to the combustion chamber. Reduction of idle time from 50% to 25% can improve fuel economy up to 4%. The engine will warm up and approach operating temperature while you are driving at low RPM’s and low power as you begin you trip.Use an APU for heating and cooling the cab when stopped (5 Minutes- overnight) The APU will use about 1 gallon of fuel per night as opposed to 1.5 gallons per hour on the main engine.
Use as much as traffic patterns and weather permit.
By slowing down and keeping under power, you will be able to keep your momentum going forward and be ready to apply power more quickly when needed. It takes more fuel to start a vehicle from a complete stop than from a slow roll. Do not “coast” with the clutch engaged. You are not in full control of the vehicle.
Trailers – flat bed, curtainside, van, refrigerated, doubles, triples, tankers…Will the load shift? (liquid in tankers, livestock, sand/gravel, etc…)
While ALL area of the pre-trip inspection are important, some areas that are important to fuel economy are:Tire pressure – tires that are 10 psi too low can decrease fuel economy by 0.05% Low inflation also diminishes tire life expectancy.Proper Lubrication – minimizes friction and wear.Braking system -allows for proper control if adjusted and maintained. No loss of forward momentum by grabbing or sticking brakes.
Saves breakdowns on the road – saves fuel, time, major repair bills, and aggravation for you, and time and fuel for the “gawkers” that slow down and cause the backup to see you alongside the road.
Another good reason for Pre-trip and En-route inspections.
When possible.
Natural gas is a clean-burning alternative fuel that offers a number of advantages to users. It is colorless, non-corrosive and odorless, though an odorant is commonly added to aid in leak detection. A switch from diesel to natural gas has the potential to result in lower levels of emissions, including Nox and PM. Natural gas is also generally less expensive than diesel or gasoline.Propane – liquefied petroleum gas – Because propane is a low carbon, clean burning fuel, a switch to propane has the potential to result in reductions of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide (CO), Nox, and GHG emissions. Propane is also nontoxic, so it is not harmful to soil or water when spilled or leaked.Biodiesel – produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or biomass conversion. B5 – 5% biodiesel, 95% petroleum diesel can be used in any diesel vehicle. B20 – 20% biodiesel, 80% petroleum diesel must be used for engines certified by the manufacturer. Significant reductions of PM, CO, and hydrocarbon emissions can be achieved with B20 blends. Minor impacts to torque and fuel economy are related to the lower energy density of biodiesel fuels.A micro turbine acts as an auxiliary power unit. It charges batteries which in turn power an electric motor that drives the wheels of the vehicle. The microturbine can be fueled with natural gas, waste methane, biodiesel, diesel, or propane.
Example of a CNG tractor.
It depends on your driving speed, but there are times when using the air conditioning system can be more fuel efficient then rolling the windows down. Based on a study conducted by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), driving with the windows up and the air conditioning on is typically a more fuel efficient way to drive. The study concluded that the more aerodynamic the vehicle, the more drag open windows will create. So, when traveling at speeds around 50mph or faster, air conditioning is usually a better bet.
We have had a good review today of many things we have learned previously – but hopefully, this refresher will remind us of the good driving habits we already know and we will recommit to use again.The important NEW idea from today is progressive shifting. In a few moments, we will be trying out this technique in actual trucks, but let’s look how it is done one more time…