Lecture & Seminar practice by Dr. Muhammad Faheem Malik Semester 1 pioneer batch 2009-13 Environmental Sciences, Hafiz Hayat Campus UOG, Pakistan

1. Ecosystem
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Faheem Malik
muhammad.faheem@uog.edu.pk
Department of Environmental Sciences
University of Gujrat
Gujrat, Pakistan

2. Ecosystem History
Ensley in 1935 used the term 'Ecosystem‘
Where!
eco means the environment and
system implies an interacting complex

3. Definitions of Ecosystem
In Biology;
An environmental system that
consists of a community of
organisms that have an
interaction with abiotic
components.

4. Definitions of Ecosystem
In Physics;
An environmental system, where
solar energy, water, nutrients
and atmospheric gases enter in it
while heat, carbon dioxide,
oxygen, other gases and living
materials are carried away from
the system.

5. In Ecology;
Ecosystem is a basic fundamental
unit of ecology in which living and
non-living components interact
and influence each other OR
dependant on one another.
Definitions of Ecosystem

6. Components of Ecosystem
Biotic;
 Plants
(Producers / autotrophs)
 Animals
(Consumers / heterotrophs;
vertebrate, invertebrate;
predator, unicellular /
decomposers / pathogens /
parasites / parasitoids)

7. Components of Ecosystem
Abiotic;
Light
Temperature
Humidity
Wind
Soil
Water
Gases

8. Process involve in Ecosystem

9. Interaction between biotic and
abiotic components of
Ecosystem
 soil, in which their roots grow and
absorb water and nutrients
 water, which is absorbed by roots
 carbon dioxide, absorbed from
atmosphere or water
 sunlight, without which
photosynthesis cannot occur
 inorganic salts and minerals which
are necessary and useful nutrients

10. Kinds of Ecosystems
Ecosystems may be classified into
two broad categories;
 Artificial Ecosystems
 Natural Ecosystems

11. Artificial Ecosystem
Maintained artificially by
man
e.g. An agricultural farm, a
garden, an orchard, a fish
farm, an aquarium, a dam, a
space station, pots of
houseplants

12. Artificial Ecosystem
 In these ecosystems, man
manipulation occurs that
disturbs natural balance
(e.g. addition of fertilizers
to increase yield; use of
insecticides to control pests
and disease; proper irrigation
and manuring in case of a

13. Natural Ecosystem
 Operate themselves under
natural conditions without
any major interference by
man
 The largest possible
ecosystem, composed of all
living organisms on or about

14. Sun
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Aquatic
Terrestrial
Natural Artificial
Grass
Forest
Dessert
Biosphere Ecosystem
(The Largest)
Atmospheric Gases (10 – 14 km)
Lithosphere (1.5 km)
Hydrosphere (11 km ocean)
Tundra
Fresh water Marine
Estuarine

16. Estuarine Ecosystem

17. Estuarine Ecosystem

18. Estuarine Ecosystem

19. Fresh Water Ecosystem

20. Forest Ecosystem

21. Grass Land Ecosystem

22. Grass land Ecosystem

23. Alpine Ecosystem

24. Dessert Ecosystem

25. Different Ecosystems

26. Yellow Stone Ecosystem