Echinodermata
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This document summarizes key facts about echinoderms: 1) Echinoderms are classified into 5 classes and have a spiny skin or wart-like bumps with the ability to regenerate or lose limbs. 2) They have separate sexes and reproduce both asexually through regeneration and sexually by releasing gametes into water. 3) Echinoderms live mainly in marine environments in shallow and deep waters and have open circulatory and respiratory systems.
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This document provides classifications for various organisms across kingdoms including:
- Protists which are single-celled eukaryotes that can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. Examples include algae and protozoa.
- Monera which lack nuclei and organelles, including bacteria that can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
- Fungi which are heterotrophic and absorb nutrients from organic matter. Most are multicellular.
It also describes various plant and animal kingdoms at high levels, noting key distinguishing characteristics like presence of tissues, cell structures, habitats and modes of nutrition and reproduction.
Echinoderms
Echinoderms are marine animals characterized by spiny skin, internal skeletons, and tube feet. They exhibit five-part radial symmetry and have a water vascular system for functions like respiration, circulation, and movement. Echinoderms reproduce through external fertilization and have larvae that swim before settling. They lack complex nervous systems but can sense their environments. Common echinoderms include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, feather stars, and sea lilies.
Echinoderms
Echinoderms are marine animals characterized by spiny skin, internal skeletons, and tube feet. They exhibit five-part radial symmetry and have a water vascular system for functions like respiration, circulation, and movement. Echinoderms reproduce through external fertilization and have larvae that swim before settling on the sea floor. Common echinoderms include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, feather stars, and sea lilies.
Echinoderms
Echinoderms are marine animals characterized by spiny skin, internal skeletons, and tube feet. They exhibit five-part radial symmetry and have a water vascular system used for respiration, circulation, and movement. Echinoderms reproduce through external fertilization and have simple nervous systems lacking brains. Common examples are starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, feather stars, and sea lilies, which fill important ecological roles as predators, grazers, and filter feeders.
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Basic Laws Of Genetics
1. Genetic instructions are passed from parents to offspring through genes located on chromosomes. These genes control traits and are inherited in pairs, one from each parent.
2. Some genes are dominant and will be expressed even if one recessive gene is present, while recessive genes only express when two are present. Dominant traits are represented by capital letters and recessive by lowercase.
3. Hybrid organisms have one dominant and one recessive gene, while purebred have two of the same. Incomplete dominance results in a blending of traits rather than one being dominant.
DNA for Middle School Science
A powerpoint presentation for Mrs. Tabor's 7th grade science students. I have a FITB note sheet to accompany this presentation and would be happy to email it to you. Contact stabor@belgradeschools.com
Porifera
Porifera, commonly known as sponges, are classified based on their shape. They come in asymmetrical shapes and various colors, and have pores on their surfaces. Sponges reproduce through sperm fertilizing eggs to create larvae. They feed by filtering proteins and particles from water. Sponges do not have circulatory, digestive, or nervous systems. They obtain oxygen from water passing through them. Most sponges live in marine environments on rocks or coral reefs. Historically, sponges were used by humans for painting, bathing, and as toilet paper.
Arthropoda Crustacea
This document summarizes key information about the phylum Arthropoda and class Crustacea. It describes their classification, basic body structure with an exoskeleton and segments, sexual reproduction, open circulatory system, respiratory systems adapted for gas exchange, habitats in fresh and salt water, interactions with humans as food and costumes, and includes pictures of crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.
Annelid
The document discusses the classification and characteristics of annelids. It notes that annelids include earthworms and leeches. They are bilaterally symmetrical, have a hydrostatic skeleton, and range in length from 1 mm to 3 m. Most reproduce sexually and have separate sexes, while earthworms and leeches are hermaphroditic. Annelids have closed circulatory and respiratory systems and are generally found in wet environments.
Chordata Urochordata
Tunicates, also known as sea squirts, are small marine invertebrates that are classified as chordates. They have a notochord during early development that is later lost, but replaced by a backbone in vertebrates. Tunicates have a bilateral symmetrical body structure, lack bones, and use muscles to move against their body. They are hermaphrodites that fertilize eggs internally and eject larvae. Tunicates filter feed by taking in water and extracting particles, and can expel water if frightened. They are considered evolutionary links between invertebrates and vertebrates.
Arthropoda Myriapoda
This document summarizes the key differences between millipedes and centipedes. Millipedes have two pairs of legs per body segment while centipedes have one pair of legs per segment. Centipedes are carnivorous and hunt prey using venom, while millipedes are herbivorous and eat dead plant matter. Both reproduce sexually and prefer similar damp, shaded environments, though they are found worldwide except in polar regions.
Mollusca
The document discusses the phylum Mollusca. It describes the four main body parts of mollusks - shell, mantle, muscular foot, and visceral mass. It also covers their classes, symmetry, reproductive systems, digestive systems, environments, interactions with humans, and uses as a pollution monitor. Pictures and links to additional resources are provided.
Arthropoda Chelicerata
This document summarizes key characteristics of chelicerata, an subphylum of arthropods that includes spiders, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs. It describes their physical features such as an exoskeleton and segmented body, as well as organ systems like their circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. Examples provided include the brown recluse spider, striped scorpion, and horseshoe crabs. Human interactions are also summarized, noting both medical impacts of some bites and use of venom in medicines.
Chordata Craniata
The document discusses the classification of animals in the phylum Craniata. Craniata includes all vertebrate animals that have a skull enclosing the brain, and can be divided into two major groups: Vertebrata, which includes jawed vertebrates and lampreys; and Hyperotreti, which includes hagfish. Craniata includes all fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and humans. The document also briefly mentions the body form, symmetry, skeletal systems, reproductive methods, digestive and circulatory systems, respiratory systems, environments, interactions with humans, and unique features of Craniata animals.
Onychophora
Onychophora, also known as velvet worms, are soft-bodied invertebrates that resemble both worms and arthropods. They have a velvety texture and claws that allow them to grasp prey and climb surfaces. Velvet worms live in tropical and subtropical forests in eastern Australia and New Zealand, where they trap prey and consume their body fluids using a sticky saliva and teeth. With characteristics of both worms and arthropods, velvet worms are believed to represent an evolutionary link between these groups.
Platyhelminthes
The document summarizes key facts about the phylum Platyhelminthes:
1) Platyhelminthes includes flatworms such as tapeworms and flukes. They are bilateral and mostly parasitic, infecting over 200 million people annually.
2) They have a ribbon-like shape, absorb nutrients through their skin, and lack digestive and circulatory systems.
3) Reproduction varies between sexual and asexual. Many require multiple hosts to complete their lifecycles, posing risks to humans who consume undercooked foods contaminated with parasites.
Arthropoda Hexapoda
Arthropoda Hexapoda are invertebrates with exoskeletons, six legs, and three main body segments. They reproduce by the female laying eggs which hatch into larvae that mature into adults. Most Hexapoda are predators that breathe through tubes or lungs and live on every continent except Antarctica, interacting with humans both positively and negatively.
Cnidaria
Cnidaria are a phylum of aquatic animals that include jellyfish, corals, sea anemones and hydroids. They have radial symmetry and a simple two-layered body structure. They can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Cnidarians have stinging cells called nematocysts in their tentacles which they use for both offense and defense. While they can sting humans, serious cases are rare with only around 1100 reported annually in Queensland. Cnidarians come in a variety of shapes and sizes and most live in marine environments.
Nematoda
Nematodes are small roundworms classified into 5 groups based on their food source. They have bilateral symmetry, a pseudocoelom body cavity, and generally reproduce sexually. Nematodes transport food through their pseudocoelom and digestive system, and breathe and circulate fluids through diffusion and a circulatory system of tubes. Many nematodes are parasitic and can cause diseases in humans and other animals, while others are beneficial as they eat pest insects.
Kingdom Fungi
The document discusses the kingdom of fungi, which includes mushrooms, molds, yeasts, and lichens. It describes the structures and functions of fungi like mycelium, hyphae, spores, stalks, gills, and caps. It then outlines several roles of fungi, including decomposition, symbiosis with plants through mycorrhizal relationships, acting as pathogens on crops, and use in medicines like penicillin and foods like mushrooms, cheeses, bread, beer and wine.
Q4 8th Grade
The document contains questions about topics in chemistry including the periodic table, properties of elements and compounds, conductivity, bonding, and electricity including circuits, current, voltage, and other concepts. Specifically, it asks about who arranged the periodic table, properties of groups and periods, reactivity of alkali metals, what causes similar properties in a group, and unique properties of transuranic elements. It also asks about ionic and covalent bonding, conductivity, charging by friction, electroscopes, lightning, electric current, potential difference, cells vs batteries, AC vs DC, effects of voltage on current, and differences between parallel and series circuits.
Q4 7th Grade
The document contains questions about classifying and describing various organisms from the domains of life including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals. Many of the questions focus on physical characteristics, modes of reproduction, cellular processes like respiration and photosynthesis, ecological roles and relationships between different organisms like fungi and plants.
Classification Ms
Taxonomy is the science of classifying living things. Organisms are grouped based on similarities into a hierarchical system of categories ranging from broad Kingdoms to specific Species. The modern system has three Domains - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya - reflecting evolutionary relationships determined by molecular analysis. Carolus Linnaeus developed the binomial nomenclature system still used today, assigning every species a two-part scientific name describing its Genus and differentiating species. Classification systems continue evolving to best represent the evolutionary history and relationships between all forms of life.
Prokaryote Classification
The document discusses the classification and reproduction of prokaryotes, as well as their roles in ecosystems. Prokaryotes are classified by their shape, including cocci, bacilli, and spirilla, as well as by configuration such as pairs, chains, and clusters. They are also classified by their Gram stain as Gram positive or Gram negative. Reproduction is primarily through binary fission. Prokaryotes play important roles in ecosystems through nitrogen fixation, recycling nutrients, cleaning up pollution, and production of medicines, food, and digestion of food for animals, though some are pathogenic bacteria that can cause disease.
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Echinodermata
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