This document reviews various methods for automatically detecting brain tumors from MRI scans using computer-aided systems. It summarizes segmentation and classification approaches that have been used, including thresholding, region growing, genetic algorithms, clustering, and neural networks. The most common techniques are thresholding, region-based segmentation, and support vector machines or neural networks for classification. While these methods have achieved some success, challenges remain in developing systems that can accurately classify tumor types with high performance on diverse datasets. Future work may explore combining discrete and continuous segmentation approaches to improve computational efficiency and detection accuracy.
Performance analysis of automated brain tumor detection from MR imaging and CT scan using basic image processing techniques based on various hard and soft computing has been performed in our work. Moreover, we applied six traditional classifiers to detect brain tumor in the images. Then we applied CNN for brain tumor detection to include deep learning method in our work. We compared the result of the traditional one having the best accuracy (SVM) with the result of CNN. Furthermore, our work presents a generic method of tumor detection and extraction of its various features.
DETECTING BRAIN TUMOUR FROM MRI IMAGE USING MATLAB GUI PROGRAMMEIJCSES Journal
Engineers have been actively developing tools to detect tumors and to process medical images. Medical image segmentation is a powerful tool that is often used to detect tumors. Many scientists and researchers are working to develop and add more features to this tool. This project is about detecting Brain tumors from MRI images using an interface of GUI in Matlab. Using the GUI, this program can use various combinations of segmentation, filters, and other image processing algorithms to achieve the best results.
We start with filtering the image using Prewitt horizontal edge-emphasizing filter. The next step for detecting tumor is "watershed pixels." The most important part of this project is that all the Matlab programs work with GUI “Matlab guide”. This allows us to use various combinations of filters, and other
image processing techniques to arrive at the best result that can help us detect brain tumors in their early stages.
Brain tumour segmentation based on local independent projection based classif...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Brain tumour detection and segmentation is most important and challenging task in early tumour diagnosis. There are various
segmentation methods available but they are still challenging methods because of its complex characteristics such as ambiguous
boundaries and high diversity. To overcome this problem we are going to implement automatic brain tumour detection and
segmentation method by using local independent projection based classification. In this method we are going to consider tumour
segmentation as a classification problem. In this paper locality is important in calculations of projections. Also local anchor
embedding is used to solve linear projection weights. The softmax regression model is used to improve classification performance.
In this study we used MRI images as training and testing data. Finally the brain tumour is classified into tumour and edema
region. The area of tumour region is calculated in pixels.
Key Words: Brain tumour detection & segmentation, local independent projection based classification, local anchor
embedding and softmax regression.
Performance analysis of automated brain tumor detection from MR imaging and CT scan using basic image processing techniques based on various hard and soft computing has been performed in our work. Moreover, we applied six traditional classifiers to detect brain tumor in the images. Then we applied CNN for brain tumor detection to include deep learning method in our work. We compared the result of the traditional one having the best accuracy (SVM) with the result of CNN. Furthermore, our work presents a generic method of tumor detection and extraction of its various features.
DETECTING BRAIN TUMOUR FROM MRI IMAGE USING MATLAB GUI PROGRAMMEIJCSES Journal
Engineers have been actively developing tools to detect tumors and to process medical images. Medical image segmentation is a powerful tool that is often used to detect tumors. Many scientists and researchers are working to develop and add more features to this tool. This project is about detecting Brain tumors from MRI images using an interface of GUI in Matlab. Using the GUI, this program can use various combinations of segmentation, filters, and other image processing algorithms to achieve the best results.
We start with filtering the image using Prewitt horizontal edge-emphasizing filter. The next step for detecting tumor is "watershed pixels." The most important part of this project is that all the Matlab programs work with GUI “Matlab guide”. This allows us to use various combinations of filters, and other
image processing techniques to arrive at the best result that can help us detect brain tumors in their early stages.
Brain tumour segmentation based on local independent projection based classif...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Brain tumour detection and segmentation is most important and challenging task in early tumour diagnosis. There are various
segmentation methods available but they are still challenging methods because of its complex characteristics such as ambiguous
boundaries and high diversity. To overcome this problem we are going to implement automatic brain tumour detection and
segmentation method by using local independent projection based classification. In this method we are going to consider tumour
segmentation as a classification problem. In this paper locality is important in calculations of projections. Also local anchor
embedding is used to solve linear projection weights. The softmax regression model is used to improve classification performance.
In this study we used MRI images as training and testing data. Finally the brain tumour is classified into tumour and edema
region. The area of tumour region is calculated in pixels.
Key Words: Brain tumour detection & segmentation, local independent projection based classification, local anchor
embedding and softmax regression.
A Survey on Segmentation Techniques Used For Brain Tumor DetectionEditor IJMTER
In recent years Brain tumor is one of the most commonly found causes for death among
children and adults. Early detection of tumor is a must in order to reduce the death rate. For tumor
detection various image techniques can be used. In this paper we mainly concentrate on the images
obtained from MRI scans. In MRI images, the tumor may appear clearly, but for further treatment
the physician need to be a qualified and well experienced person. In order to help the radiologist in
detection computer-aided diagnosis was developed. The generation of a CAD system consists of
several processes and among them segmentation is considered to the most important process. Image
Segmentation is a process of partitioning an image into multiple segments. The main objective of
segmentation is to represent the image into a simplified form so as to increase the efficiency and
accuracy of the system. Therefore the segmentation of brain tumor can be considered as an important
role in the medical image process. Hence in this paper we concentrate on the recently used
segmentation techniques for the detection of tumor using MRI images.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Brain tumor classification using artificial neural network on mri imageseSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize the multi-resolution transformation and the different classifiers useful to
analyze the brain tumor using MRI. X-ray, MRI, Ultrasound etc. are different techniques used to scan brain tumor images.
Radiologist prefers MRI to get detail information about tumor to help him diagnoses. In this paper we have used MRI of brain
tumor for analysis. We have used Digital image processing tool for detection of the tumor. The identification, detection and
classification of brain tumor have been done by extracting features from MRI with the help of wavelet transformation. The MRI of
brain tumor is classified into two categories normal and abnormal brain. In this work Digital image processing has been used as
a tool for getting clear and exact details about tumor in earlier stages. This helps the physicians and practitioners for diagnoses.
Key word – Brain tumor, Wavelet transform, segmentation.
Image Segmentation and Identification of Brain Tumor using FFT Techniques of ...IDES Editor
The image processing tools are extensively used on
the development of new algorithms and mathematical tools
for the advanced processing of medical and biological images.
Given an MRI scan, first segment the tumor region in the
MRI brain image and study the pixel intensity values. A
detailed procedure using Matlab script is written to extract
tumor region in CT scan Brain Image and MRI Scan Brain
Image. MRI Scan has higher resolution and easier
identification compare to CT scan Brain image. Fast Fourier
Transform is used here to study the tumor region of MRI
Brain Image in terms of its pixel intensity. Types of FFT like
Zero padded FFT, Windowed FFT are used to study the signal
converted from the MRI Brain Image. It is found that lesser
spectral leakage for Zero Padded Windowed FFT than other
Types of FFT and hence the tumor cell identification is easier
than other methods. Finally higher pixel intensity values of
the cells gives identification of presence and activeness of
tumor cells.
Brain tumor detection and localization in magnetic resonance imagingijitcs
A tumor also known as neoplasm is a growth in the abnormal tissue which can be differentiated from the
surrounding tissue by its structure. A tumor may lead to cancer, which is a major leading cause of death and
responsible for around 13% of all deaths world-wide. Cancer incidence rate is growing at an alarming rate
in the world. Great knowledge and experience on radiology are required for accurate tumor detection in
medical imaging. Automation of tumor detection is required because there might be a shortage of skilled
radiologists at a time of great need. We propose an automatic brain tumor detectionand localization
framework that can detect and localize brain tumor in magnetic resonance imaging. The proposed brain
tumor detection and localization framework comprises five steps: image acquisition, pre-processing, edge
detection, modified histogram clustering and morphological operations. After morphological operations,
tumors appear as pure white color on pure black backgrounds. We used 50 neuroimages to optimize our
system and 100 out-of-sample neuroimages to test our system. The proposed tumor detection and localization
system was found to be able to accurately detect and localize brain tumor in magnetic resonance imaging.
The preliminary results demonstrate how a simple machine learning classifier with a set of simple
image-based features can result in high classification accuracy. The preliminary results also demonstrate the
efficacy and efficiency of our five-step brain tumor detection and localization approach and motivate us to
extend this framework to detect and localize a variety of other types of tumors in other types of medical
imagery.
An Efficient Brain Tumor Detection Algorithm based on Segmentation for MRI Sy...ijtsrd
A collection, or mass, of abnormal cells in the brain is called as Brain Tumor . The skull, which encloses your brain, is very rigid. Growth inside such a restricted space can cause problems. Brain tumors can be malignant or benign. Segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was an emergent research area in the field of medical imaging system. In this an efficient algorithm is proposed for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Quality of scanned image is enhanced and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the scanned image. Merlin Asha. M | G. Naveen Balaji | S. Mythili | A. Karthikeyan | N. Thillaiarasu"An Efficient Brain Tumor Detection Algorithm based on Segmentation for MRI System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9667.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/9667/an-efficient-brain-tumor-detection-algorithm-based-on-segmentation-for-mri-system/merlin-asha-m
Brain tumor detection and segmentation using watershed segmentation and morph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Lung Cancer Detection using Machine Learningijtsrd
Modern three dimensional 3 D medical imaging offers the potential and promise for major advances in science and medicine as higher fidelity images are produced. Due to advances in computer aided diagnosis and continuous progress in the field of computerized medical image visualization, there is need to develop one of the most important fields within scientific imaging. From the early basis report on cancer patients it has been seen that a greater number of people die of lung cancer than from other cancers such as colon, breast and prostate cancers combined. Lung cancer are related to smoking or secondhand smoke , or less often to exposure to radon or other environmental factors that’s why this can be prevented. But still it is not yet clear if these cancers can be prevented or not. In this research work, approach of segmentation, feature extraction and Convolution Neural Network CNN will be applied for locating, characterizing cancer portion. Harpreet Singh | Er. Ravneet Kaur | "Lung Cancer Detection using Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33659.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-architecture/33659/lung-cancer-detection-using-machine-learning/harpreet-singh
Brain Tumor Detection Using Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy Inference System ...Editor IJCATR
Manual classification of brain tumor is time devastating and bestows ambiguous results. Automatic image classification is
emergent thriving research area in medical field. In the proposed methodology, features are extracted from raw images which are then
fed to ANFIS (Artificial neural fuzzy inference system).ANFIS being neuro-fuzzy system harness power of both hence it proves to be
a sophisticated framework for multiobject classification. A comprehensive feature set and fuzzy rules are selected to classify an
abnormal image to the corresponding tumor type. This proposed technique is fast in execution, efficient in classification and easy in
implementation.
A Survey on Segmentation Techniques Used For Brain Tumor DetectionEditor IJMTER
In recent years Brain tumor is one of the most commonly found causes for death among
children and adults. Early detection of tumor is a must in order to reduce the death rate. For tumor
detection various image techniques can be used. In this paper we mainly concentrate on the images
obtained from MRI scans. In MRI images, the tumor may appear clearly, but for further treatment
the physician need to be a qualified and well experienced person. In order to help the radiologist in
detection computer-aided diagnosis was developed. The generation of a CAD system consists of
several processes and among them segmentation is considered to the most important process. Image
Segmentation is a process of partitioning an image into multiple segments. The main objective of
segmentation is to represent the image into a simplified form so as to increase the efficiency and
accuracy of the system. Therefore the segmentation of brain tumor can be considered as an important
role in the medical image process. Hence in this paper we concentrate on the recently used
segmentation techniques for the detection of tumor using MRI images.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Brain tumor classification using artificial neural network on mri imageseSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, an attempt has been made to summarize the multi-resolution transformation and the different classifiers useful to
analyze the brain tumor using MRI. X-ray, MRI, Ultrasound etc. are different techniques used to scan brain tumor images.
Radiologist prefers MRI to get detail information about tumor to help him diagnoses. In this paper we have used MRI of brain
tumor for analysis. We have used Digital image processing tool for detection of the tumor. The identification, detection and
classification of brain tumor have been done by extracting features from MRI with the help of wavelet transformation. The MRI of
brain tumor is classified into two categories normal and abnormal brain. In this work Digital image processing has been used as
a tool for getting clear and exact details about tumor in earlier stages. This helps the physicians and practitioners for diagnoses.
Key word – Brain tumor, Wavelet transform, segmentation.
Image Segmentation and Identification of Brain Tumor using FFT Techniques of ...IDES Editor
The image processing tools are extensively used on
the development of new algorithms and mathematical tools
for the advanced processing of medical and biological images.
Given an MRI scan, first segment the tumor region in the
MRI brain image and study the pixel intensity values. A
detailed procedure using Matlab script is written to extract
tumor region in CT scan Brain Image and MRI Scan Brain
Image. MRI Scan has higher resolution and easier
identification compare to CT scan Brain image. Fast Fourier
Transform is used here to study the tumor region of MRI
Brain Image in terms of its pixel intensity. Types of FFT like
Zero padded FFT, Windowed FFT are used to study the signal
converted from the MRI Brain Image. It is found that lesser
spectral leakage for Zero Padded Windowed FFT than other
Types of FFT and hence the tumor cell identification is easier
than other methods. Finally higher pixel intensity values of
the cells gives identification of presence and activeness of
tumor cells.
Brain tumor detection and localization in magnetic resonance imagingijitcs
A tumor also known as neoplasm is a growth in the abnormal tissue which can be differentiated from the
surrounding tissue by its structure. A tumor may lead to cancer, which is a major leading cause of death and
responsible for around 13% of all deaths world-wide. Cancer incidence rate is growing at an alarming rate
in the world. Great knowledge and experience on radiology are required for accurate tumor detection in
medical imaging. Automation of tumor detection is required because there might be a shortage of skilled
radiologists at a time of great need. We propose an automatic brain tumor detectionand localization
framework that can detect and localize brain tumor in magnetic resonance imaging. The proposed brain
tumor detection and localization framework comprises five steps: image acquisition, pre-processing, edge
detection, modified histogram clustering and morphological operations. After morphological operations,
tumors appear as pure white color on pure black backgrounds. We used 50 neuroimages to optimize our
system and 100 out-of-sample neuroimages to test our system. The proposed tumor detection and localization
system was found to be able to accurately detect and localize brain tumor in magnetic resonance imaging.
The preliminary results demonstrate how a simple machine learning classifier with a set of simple
image-based features can result in high classification accuracy. The preliminary results also demonstrate the
efficacy and efficiency of our five-step brain tumor detection and localization approach and motivate us to
extend this framework to detect and localize a variety of other types of tumors in other types of medical
imagery.
An Efficient Brain Tumor Detection Algorithm based on Segmentation for MRI Sy...ijtsrd
A collection, or mass, of abnormal cells in the brain is called as Brain Tumor . The skull, which encloses your brain, is very rigid. Growth inside such a restricted space can cause problems. Brain tumors can be malignant or benign. Segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was an emergent research area in the field of medical imaging system. In this an efficient algorithm is proposed for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Quality of scanned image is enhanced and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the scanned image. Merlin Asha. M | G. Naveen Balaji | S. Mythili | A. Karthikeyan | N. Thillaiarasu"An Efficient Brain Tumor Detection Algorithm based on Segmentation for MRI System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9667.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/9667/an-efficient-brain-tumor-detection-algorithm-based-on-segmentation-for-mri-system/merlin-asha-m
Brain tumor detection and segmentation using watershed segmentation and morph...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Lung Cancer Detection using Machine Learningijtsrd
Modern three dimensional 3 D medical imaging offers the potential and promise for major advances in science and medicine as higher fidelity images are produced. Due to advances in computer aided diagnosis and continuous progress in the field of computerized medical image visualization, there is need to develop one of the most important fields within scientific imaging. From the early basis report on cancer patients it has been seen that a greater number of people die of lung cancer than from other cancers such as colon, breast and prostate cancers combined. Lung cancer are related to smoking or secondhand smoke , or less often to exposure to radon or other environmental factors that’s why this can be prevented. But still it is not yet clear if these cancers can be prevented or not. In this research work, approach of segmentation, feature extraction and Convolution Neural Network CNN will be applied for locating, characterizing cancer portion. Harpreet Singh | Er. Ravneet Kaur | "Lung Cancer Detection using Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33659.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-architecture/33659/lung-cancer-detection-using-machine-learning/harpreet-singh
Brain Tumor Detection Using Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy Inference System ...Editor IJCATR
Manual classification of brain tumor is time devastating and bestows ambiguous results. Automatic image classification is
emergent thriving research area in medical field. In the proposed methodology, features are extracted from raw images which are then
fed to ANFIS (Artificial neural fuzzy inference system).ANFIS being neuro-fuzzy system harness power of both hence it proves to be
a sophisticated framework for multiobject classification. A comprehensive feature set and fuzzy rules are selected to classify an
abnormal image to the corresponding tumor type. This proposed technique is fast in execution, efficient in classification and easy in
implementation.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Fuzzy soft set is one of the recent topics developed for dealing with the uncertainties present
in most of our real life situations. The parameterization tool of soft set theory enhances the flexibility of
its application. In this paper, we have studied membership grade, power set,
-cut set , strong fuzzy
-
cut set ,some standard operation fuzzy soft set, degree of subset hood and proposed some results with
examples.
Modeling, Simulation And Implementation Of Adaptive Optical System For Laser ...IJMER
Adaptive Optical System (AOS) for correction of beam jitter in a high power laser source is described. The jitter in a high power laser may results from platform vibrations and dynamically varying in-homogeneities in the lasing medium. The effect of beam jitter on the performance of high power laser in directed energy weapon (DEW) system is discussed. Simulation studies have been carried out to optimize parameters of jitter correction system. An experimental arrangement to stabilize a high power laser beam is described and results are presented.
T04201162168Optimal Allocation of FACTS Device with Multiple Objectives Using...IJMER
In this paper Multi objective functions are simultaneously considered as the indexes of the system performance minimize total generation fuel cost and maximize system load-ability within system security margin. To find the optimal location and optimal value for Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) using optimization technique Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize system load-ability and minimize the system losses considering multi objectives optimization approach. A GA based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is proposed to determine the type of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission system) controllers, its optimal location and rating of the devices in power systems. The value of TCSC and line losses is applied as measure of power system performance. The type of FACTS controllers are used and modeled for steady-state studies: TCSC, minimize total generation fuel cost and maximize system load-ability within system security margin. Simulations will be carrying on IEEE30 bus power system for type of FACTS devices.
ANN Based Prediction Model as a Condition Monitoring Tool for Machine ToolsIJMER
In today’s world of manufacturing, a machine tool has an important role to produce best
quality and quantity in phase with the demand. Machine tool in good working condition enhances the
productivity and provides an opportunity for the overall development of the industry. Several
parameters such as vibration of a machine tool structure, temperature at cutting zones, machined
surface roughness, noise levels in the moving parts etc. provide the information of its working
condition which is related to its productivity. Surface roughness of the machined part is one of the
parameters to indicate machine tool condition. In the recent trends, soft computing tools have
emerged as an aid for the condition monitoring of machine tools. In the present work, experiments
have been conducted based on Taguchi technique for turning operation with different process input
parameters using carbide cutting tool insert and the surface roughness of the turned parts were
measured as output characteristic. Relation between input and output was established and a
prediction model for surface roughness was built by using artificial neural network (ANN)
backpropagation learning algorithm. The predicted values of surface roughness from the prediction
model in comparison with the experimental values are found to be in close agreement. This establishes
the use of ANN in developing prediction models for better monitoring of the condition of a machine
tool for enhancing the productivity
Many applications such as robot navigation, defense, medical and remote sensing perform
various processing tasks, which can be performed more easily when all objects in different images of the
same scene are combined into a single fused image. In this paper, we propose a fast and effective
method for image fusion. The proposed method derives the intensity based variations that is large and
small scale, from the source images. In this approach, guided filtering is employed for this extraction.
Gaussian and Laplacian pyramidal approach is then used to fuse the different layers obtained.
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain better performance for fusion of
all sets of images. The results clearly indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Data and Information Integration: Information ExtractionIJMER
Information extraction is generally concerned with the location of different items in any document, may be textual or web document. This paper is concerned with the methodologies and applications of information extraction. The field of information extraction plays a very important role in the natural language processing community. The architecture of information extraction system which acts as the base for all languages and fields is also discussed along with its different components. Information is hidden in the large volume of web pages and thus it is necessary to extract useful information from the web content, called Information Extraction. In information extraction, given a sequence of instances, we identify and pull out a sub-sequence of the input that represents information we are interested in.
Manual data extraction from semi supervised web pages is a difficult task. This paper focuses on study of various data extraction techniques and also some web data extraction techniques. In the past years, there was a rapid expansion of activities in the information extraction area. Many methods have been proposed for automating the process of extraction. We will survey various web data extraction tools. Several real-world applications of information extraction will be introduced. What role information extraction plays in different fields is discussed in these applications. Current challenges being faced by the available information extraction techniques are briefly discussed along with the future work going on using the current researches is discussed.
In this paper we have defined Dk
integral and proved the integration by parts formula.
Key Words and phrases: Absolutely Continuous function, Generalised absolutely continuous function,
Denjoy integration. 2000 Mathematics subject Classification: Primary 26A24 Secondary 26A21, 26A48,
44A10.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Automatic Brain Tumour Detection Using Symmetry InformationIJERA Editor
Image segmentation is used to separate an image into several “meaningful” parts. Image segmentation is identification of homogeneous regions in the image. Many algorithms have been elaborated for gray scale images. However, the problem of segmentation for color images, which convey much more information about objects in scenes, has received much less attention of scientific community. While several surveys of monochrome image segmentation techniques were published, similar surveys for color images did not emerge.
Image segmentation is a process of pixel classification. An image is segmented into subsets by assigning individual pixels to classes. It is an important step towards pattern detection and recognition. Segmentation is one of the first steps in image analysis. It refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple regions (sets of pixels). Each of the pixels in a region is similar with respect to some characteristic or computed property, such as color, intensity, or texture. The level of segmentation is decided by the particular characteristics of the problem being considered. Image segmentation could be further used for object matching between two images. An object of interest is specified in the first image by using the segmentation result of that image; then the specified object is matched in the second image by using the segmentation result of that image
Automatic brain tumor detection using adaptive region growing with thresholdi...IAESIJAI
Brain cancer affects many people around the world. It's not just limited to the elderly; it is also recognized in children. With the development of image processing, early detection of mental development is possible. Some designers suggest deformable models, histogram averaging, or manual division. Due to constant manual intervention, these cycles can be uncomfortable and tiring. This research introduces a high-level system for the removal of malignant tumors from attractive reverberation images, based on a programmed and rapid distribution strategy for surface extraction and recreation for clinicians. To test the proposed system, acquired tomography images from the Cancer Imaging Archive were used. The results of the study strongly demonstrate that the intended structure is viable in brain tumor detection.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Classification of Abnormalities in Brain MRI Images Using PCA and SVMIJERA Editor
The impact of digital image processing is increasing by the day for its use in the medical and research areas. Medical image classification scheme has been on the increase in order to help physicians and medical practitioners in their evaluation and analysis of diseases. Several classification schemes such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Bayes Classification, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Means Nearest Neighbor have been used. In this paper, we evaluate and compared the performance of SVM and PCA by analyzing diseased image of the brain (Alzheimer) and normal (MRI) brain. The results show that Principal Components Analysis outperforms the Support Vector Machine in terms of training time and recognition time.
3D Segmentation of Brain Tumor ImagingIJAEMSJORNAL
A brain tumor is a collection of anomalous cells that grow in or around the brain. Brain tumors affect the humans badly, it can disrupt proper brain function and be life-threatening. In this project, we have proposed a system to detect, segment, and classify the tumors present in the brain. Once the brain tumor is identified at the very beginning, proper treatments can be done and it may be cured.
MRI Image Segmentation Using Gradient Based Watershed Transform In Level Set ...IJERA Editor
Brain image classification is one of the utmost imperative parts of clinical investigative tools. Brain images
typically comprise noise, inhomogeneity and sometimes deviation. Therefore, precise segmentation of brain
images is a very challenging task. Nevertheless, the process of perfect segmentation of these images is very
important and crucial for a spot-on diagnosis by clinical tools. Also, intensity inhomogeneity often arises in realworld
images, which presents a substantial challenge in image segmentation. The most extensively used image
segmentation algorithms are region-based and usually rely on the homogeneousness of the image intensities in
the sections of interest, which often fail to afford precise segmentation results due to the intensity
inhomogeneity. This Research presents a more accurate segmentation using Gradient Based watershed
transform in level set method for a medical diagnosis system. Experimental results proved that our method
validating a much better rate of segmentation accuracy as compare to the traditional approaches, results are also
validated in terms of certain Measure properties of image regions like eccentricity, perimeter etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
An Investigation into Brain Tumor Segmentation Techniques IIRindia
A tumor is an anomalous mass in the brain which can be cancerous. Such anomalous growth within this restricted space or inside the covering skull can cause problems. Detecting brain tumors from images of medical modalities like CT scan or MRI involves segmentation (Division into parts) for analysis and can be a challenging task. Accurate segmentation of brain images is very essential for proper diagnosis of tumor and non-tumor areas for clinical analysis. This paper details on segmentation algorithms for brain images, advantages, disadvantages and a comparison of the algorithms.
MRI Image Segmentation by Using DWT for Detection of Brain Tumorijtsrd
Brain tumor segmentation is one of the critical tasks in the medical image processing. Some early diagnosis of brain tumor helps in improving the treatment and also increases the survival rate of the patients. The manual segmentation for cancer diagnosis of brain tumor and generation of MRI images in clinical routine is difficult and time consuming. The aim of this research paper is to review of MRI based brain tumor segmentation methods for the treatment of cancer like diseases. The magnetic resonance imaging used for detection of tumor and diagnosis of tissue abnormalities. The computerized medical image segmentation helps the doctors in treatment in a simple way with fast decision making. The brain tumor segmentation assessed by computer based surgery, tumor growth, developing tumor growth models and treatment responses. This research focuses on the causes of brain tumor, brain tumor segmentation and its classification, MRI scanning process and different segmentation methodologies. Ishu Rana | Gargi Kalia | Preeti Sondhi ""MRI Image Segmentation by Using DWT for Detection of Brain Tumor"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25116.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/bioinformatics/25116/mri-image-segmentation-by-using-dwt-for-detection-of-brain-tumor/ishu-rana
Similar to A Review on Brain Disorder Segmentation in MR Images (20)
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...IJMER
Pipelines are the least expensive and most effective method for the oil transportation.
Due to high viscosity of crude oil, the pressure drop and pumping power requirements are very high.
So it is necessary to bring down the viscosity of crude oil. Heated pipelines are used reduce the oil
viscosity by increasing the oil temperature. Electrical heating and direct flame heating are the common
method used for heating the oil pipeline. In this work, a new application of Parabolic Trough Collector
in the field of oil pipeline transport is introduced for reducing pressure drop in oil pipelines. Oil
pipeline is heated by applying concentrated solar radiation on the pipe surface using a Parabolic
Trough Collector in which the oil pipeline acts as the absorber pipe. 3-D steady state analysis is
carried out on a heated oil pipeline using commercial CFD software package ANSYS Fluent 14.5. In
this work an effort is made to investigate the effect of concentrated solar radiation for reducing
pressure drop in the oil pipeline. The results from the numerical analysis shows that the pressure drop
in oil pipeline is get reduced by heating the pipe line using concentrated solar radiation. From this
work, the application of PTC in oil pipeline transportation is justified.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*
A Review on Brain Disorder Segmentation in MR Images
1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol. 3, Issue. 4, Jul - Aug. 2013 pp-2469-2471 ISSN: 2249-6645
www.ijmer.com 2469 | Page
Savitha C. K.1
, Prajna M. R.2
, Ujwal U. J.3
Department of Computer Science, K. V. G. College of Engineering, V T U, India
ABSTRACT: Brain tumor is one of the major causes of death among people. It is evident that the chances of survival can
be increased if the tumor is detected and classified correctly at its early stage. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is
currently an indispensable diagnostic imaging technique in the study of the human brain. Computer aided diagnosis systems
for detecting Brain tumor for medical purpose have been investigated using several techniques. In this Review paper, it is
intended to summarize and compare the methods of automatic detection of brain tumor through Magnetic Resonance Image
(MRI) used in different stages of Computer Aided Detection System (CAD). Various segmentation approaches are reviewed
with an emphasis placed on revealing the advantages and disadvantages of these methods for medical imaging applications.
The use of image segmentation in different imaging modalities is also described along with the difficulties encountered in
each modality.
Keywords: Brain tumor, MR images, Computer Aided Detection System, Classification, Segmentation.
I. Introduction
Brain cancer is a very serious type of malignancy that occurs when there is an uncontrolled growth of cancer cells
in the brain. Brain cancer is caused by a malignant brain tumor. Not all brain tumors are malignant (cancerous). Some types
of brain tumors are benign (non-cancerous).Malignant brain tumors (or) cancerous brain tumors can be counted among the
most deadly diseases. In Figure 1 one normal and abnormal Brain image has been showed.
Fig.1 (a). Normal, 1(b) abnormal
According to the World Health Organization, brain tumor can be classified into the following groups:
Grade I: Pilocytic or benign, slow growing, with well defined borders.
Grade II: Astrocytoma, slow growing, rarely spreads with a well defined border.
Grade III: Anaplastic Astrocytoma, grows faster.
Grade IV: Glioblastoma Multiforme, malignant most invasive, spreads to nearby tissues and grows rapidly.
Many diagnostic imaging techniques can be performed for the early detection of brain tumors such as Computed
Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Compared to all other
imaging techniques, MRI is efficient in the application of brain tumor detection and identification, due to the high contrast of
soft tissues, high spatial resolution and since it does not produce any harmful radiation, and is a non invasive technique.
Although MRI seems to be efficient in providing information regarding the location and size of tumors, it is unable
to classify tumor types, hence the application of invasive techniques such as biopsy and spinal tap method, which are painful
and time consuming methods. Biopsy technique is performed where, the surgeon makes a small incision in the scalp and
drills a small hole, called a burr hole, into the skull and passes a needle through the burr hole and removes a sample of tissue
from the brain tumor, to check for cancerous cells (Or) the spinal tap method, where the doctor may remove a sample of
cerebrospinal fluid and check for the presence of cancerous cells. This inability related to invasive technique requires
development of new analysis techniques that aim at improving diagnostic ability of MR images.
Computer Aided Diagnosis is gaining significant importance in the day-to-day life. Specifically, the usage of the
computer aided systems for computational biomedical applications has been explored to a higher extent. Medical image
analysis is an important biomedical application which is highly computational in nature and requires the aid of the automated
systems. These image analysis techniques are often used to detect the abnormalities in the human bodies through scan
images. Automated brain disorder diagnosis with MR images is one of the specific medical image analysis methodologies.
A Review on Brain Disorder Segmentation in MR Images
2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol. 3, Issue. 4, Jul - Aug. 2013 pp-2469-2471 ISSN: 2249-6645
www.ijmer.com 2470 | Page
The automated diagnosis involves image segmentation step which is used to extract the abnormal tumor portion which is
essential for volumetric analysis. This volumetric analysis determines the effect of the treatment on the patient which can be
judged from the extracted size and shape of the abnormal portion. Over the last decade various approaches have been
proposed for the same. Some regarded the segmentation task a tissue recognition problem, which meant using a well-trained
model that can determine whether a pixel/voxel belongs to a normal or abnormal tissue based on classification methods such
as neural network approach.
II. Literature Review
Image segmentation and classification techniques are increasingly being used on MR images to properly identify
abnormal lesions from normal regions of the brain. Broadly speaking segmentation is a technique which reveals the region-
of-interest [ROI] in the images by suppressing background and the rest. In this paper, we will discuss an illustrate a number
of approaches and show improvements in segmentation performance that can be achieved by combining methods from
distinct categories such as techniques in which edge detection methods combined with thresholding. The segmentation
approaches were studied under 5 categories. These are as follows- 1) Thresholding approaches, 2) Region growing
approaches, 3) Genetic Algorithm approaches,4) Clustering approaches ,5) Neural network approaches. Several authors
suggested various algorithms for segmentation.
The threshold technique is by making decision based on the local raw pixel information and Edge based method is
centered on contour. Jaskirat Kaur, Sunil Agrawal & Renu Vig.’s paper presented thresholding and edge detection being one
of the important aspects of image segmentation comes prior to feature extraction and image recognition system for analyzing
images. It helps in extracting the basic shape of an image, overlooking the minute unnecessary details. In this paper using
image segmentation (thresholding and edge detection) techniques different geo satellite images, medical images and
architectural images are analyzed. [1]. Manoj K Kowar, Sourabh Yadav, proposed a method based on histogram thresholding
[2]. They follow a concept that after dividing the image into two equal halves, histograms are compared to detect the tumor
and cropping method is used to find an appropriate physical dimension of brain tumor.
In the Region based technique the images are partitioned by organizing the nearest pixel of similar kind. N.
Senthilkumaran and R. Rajesh proposed region-based techniques with an assumption that adjacent pixels in the same region
have similar visual features such as grey level, color value, or texture. Split and merge approaches were used & its
performance largely depends on the selected homogeneity criterion [3]. Instead of tuning homogeneity parameters, the
seeded region growing (SRG) technique is controlled by a number of initial seeds. If the number of regions were
approximately known & used it to estimate the corresponding parameters of an edge detection process., it is possible to
combine region growing and edge detection for image segmentation.
The important process in the automated system is brain image classification. The main objective of this step is to
differentiate the different abnormal brain images based on the optimal feature set. An interactive tool to classify the healthy
and the tumorous MR brain images is proposed by Michael R, Simon K, Nabavi A, Peter M, Ferenc A, Kikinis R [4].
Though this approach claimed a faster convergence rate, it may not be much useful because of its low accuracy than
Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques. Ahmed Kharrat & Karim Gasmi proposed a hybrid approach for classification of brain
tissues in MRI based on genetic algorithm [5]. The optimal texture features are extracted from normal and tumor regions by
using spatial gray level dependence method. It is concluded that, Gabor filters are poor due to their lack of orthogonality that
results in redundant features at different scales or channels. While Wavelet Transform is capable of representing textures at
the most suitable scale, by varying the spatial resolution and there is also a wide range of choices for the wavelet function.
A survey on different clustering techniques to achieve image segmentation is performed in[6]. In order to increase
the efficiency of the searching process, only a part of the database need to be searched. For this searching process clustering
techniques can be recommended. Clustering can be termed here as a grouping of similar images in the database. Clustering is
done based on different attributes of an image such as size, color, texture etc. The purpose of clustering is to get meaningful
result, effective storage and fast retrieval in various areas. Amir Ehsan Lashkar [7] used neural network-based method using
Zernike and Geometric moments using 200 MRI images. Yu Sun et al [8] employed the technique of symmetry integration
in several steps associated with segmentation, clustering and classification. However, use of small and unstructured dataset
restricts the generality and clinical applicability.
The application of Kohonen neural networks for image classification is explored by [9]. Some modifications of the
conventional Kohonen neural network are also implemented in this work which proved to be much superior to the
conventional neural networks. J. Zhou et al [10] carried out image segmentation using one-class support vector machine
(SVM). A hybrid approach such as combination of wavelets and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classifying the
abnormal and the normal images is used by [11]. This report revealed that the hybrid SVM is better than the Kohonen neural
networks in terms of performance measures. But the major drawback of this system is the small size of the dataset used for
implementation.
Mohd Fauzi Bin Othman, Noramalina Bt Abdullah [12] in 2011, performed classification of brain tumor using
wavelet based feature extraction method and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Feature extraction was carried out using
Daubechies (db4) wavelet and the approximation coefficients of MR brain images were used as feature vector for
classification. Accuracy of only 65% was obtained, where, only 39 images were successfully classified from 60 images. It
was concluded that classification using Support Vector Machine resulted in a limited precision, since it cannot work
accurately for a large data due to training complexity.
Application of various artificial neural networks for image classification is analyzed by [13]. The lack of faster
convergence rate of the conventional neural networks is also explained in the report. This lay an emphasis on the
3. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol. 3, Issue. 4, Jul - Aug. 2013 pp-2469-2471 ISSN: 2249-6645
www.ijmer.com 2471 | Page
requirement of modified neural networks with superior convergence rate for image classification applications. The modified
Probabilistic Neural Network for tumor image classification is used by [14]. Abnormal images such as metastase, glioma and
meningioma are differentiated using the least square feature transformation based PNN. A comparative analysis is also
performed with SVM. This work inferred that the transform based PNN is superior to the SVM in terms of classification
accuracy. Various research works have been performed in classifying MR brain images into normal and abnormal Whereas,
classifying MR brain images into normal, cancerous and non cancerous brain tumors in particular, is a crucial task, a
wavelet and co occurrence matrix method based texture feature extraction and Probabilistic Neural Network for
classification has been used as new method of brain tumor classification[15].
III. Future Scope
After evaluation of well-known segmentation techniques it is clearly shown the various methods which can detect the
tumor efficiently and provide accurate results. These can be further improved by incorporating discrete and continuous-based
segmentation methods. Computational time will also be considered to compare this technique efficiently. Segmentation
methods have proved their utility in research areas and are now emphasizing increased use for automated diagnosis and
radiotherapy. These will be particularly important in applications such as computer integrated surgery, where envision of the
anatomy is a significant component.
IV. Conclusion
Computer-aided segmentation is a key step for finding application in computer aided diagnosis, clinical studies and
treatment planning. A survey of brain tumor detection has done based on several segmentation approaches. The use of
computer technology in medical decision support is now widespread and pervasive across a wide range of medical area.MRI
plays an important role in progressive researches. First we have seen Region- or edge-based methods, and then we have done
a detailed analysis of segmentation algorithms proposed so far are based on classification or clustering approaches. Finally, it
is concluded that the results of the present study are of great importance in the brain tumor detection which is one of the
challenging tasks in medical image processing. This work will be extended for new algorithm for brain tumor detection
which will provide more efficient results than existing methods in near future.
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