Easy vlsm
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The document provides a 4-step process for calculating VLSM using an example IP address of 192.168.100.40/27. The steps are to determine the subnet mask, identify the network and broadcast addresses by filling the first three octets, determine the valid IP range, and calculate the number of hosts.
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VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) allows efficient allocation of IP addresses by using subnets of different sizes based on network needs. This example shows how VLSM can fulfill the address requirements of different departments within a company using a single Class C IP address, whereas FLSM (Fixed Length Subnet Mask) would waste many addresses. The tutorial outlines the steps to perform VLSM subnetting to allocate specific subnet sizes and addresses to each department and network based on their requirements in a way that minimizes wasted addresses.
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1. Write the default Masks for the Class A, Class B and Class C IP addresses.
2. How we can distinguish Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E IP addresses from each other. Write the range of first octet in decimal and Binary for all the 5 IP address classes.
3. Write the default subnet Masks for the following IP addresses:
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7. Extract the Network Addresses of the given IP addresses in question number 8, using the subnet masks given with them. (Remember that ANDing the IP address with the Mask extracts the network address from the given IP address).
8. Suppose you have a class C Network 208.94.115.0. Your task is to design a subnet scheme so that we can create 16 Network segments (subnets) within this Network. Each subnet should support 10-14 hosts.
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6 - Default Network using Default Information Originate
7 - Basic RIP V2 Configuration
8 - RIP 2 Operation
9 - Compatibility with RIP version 1
10 - RIP V2 Plain Text Authentication
11 - RIP V2 MD5 Authentication
12 - Enhanced IGRP ( EIGRP )
13 - Terminology
14 - Packet Types
15 - EIGRP Summarization
16 - Configuring basic EIGRP
17 - Basic metric Calculation
18 - Passive Interfaces with EIGRP
19 - Unequal - Cost - Load Balancing
20 - Route Summarization
21 - Injecting Default route with route redistribution
22 - Injecting a default route with Summery - Address command
23 - Redistribution directory connected network
24 - Redistribution EIGRP into EIGRP with different AS , EIGRP into RIP , EIGRP into RIP using route filtering
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26 - EIGRP Authentication
27 - Open Shortest path first
28 - Areas and Router types
29 - OSPF Terminology
30 - OSPF Network Types
31 - OSPF Protocols and Packets
32 - Problems with a large OSPF single area
33 - Multiarea components
34 - OSPF Over Ethernet
35 - Specifying DR and BDR
36 - Clear Text Authentication
37 - MD5 Authentication
38 - OSPF in a Point-to-Point Configuration
39 - OSPF in a Mixed Topology
40 - Redistributing OSPF and RIP
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1. Write the default Masks for the Class A, Class B and Class C IP addresses.
2. How we can distinguish Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E IP addresses from each other. Write the range of first octet in decimal and Binary for all the 5 IP address classes.
3. Write the default subnet Masks for the following IP addresses:
4. Write down the three available ranges for assigning Private IP addresses recommended by IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority).
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6. Subnet Mask or Custom mask tells us that how many bits are used for Subnet ID portion and how many for host ID portion. Identify how many bits are used for sub netting in the following IP address using its subnet mask:
7. Extract the Network Addresses of the given IP addresses in question number 8, using the subnet masks given with them. (Remember that ANDing the IP address with the Mask extracts the network address from the given IP address).
8. Suppose you have a class C Network 208.94.115.0. Your task is to design a subnet scheme so that we can create 16 Network segments (subnets) within this Network. Each subnet should support 10-14 hosts.
9. Suppose you have a class C Network 220.94.115.0. Your task is to design a subnet scheme so that we can create 28 Network segments (subnets) within this Network. Each subnet should support hosts as given below.
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• 8 Network Segment support 6 Hosts
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The document covers subnetting, VLSM, and IP troubleshooting. It discusses subnetting basics like how subnetting reduces network traffic and optimizes performance. The key concepts covered include how to create subnets by using host bits as the subnet, understanding subnet masks and CIDR notation, subnetting Class C addresses using various mask bits, calculating the number of subnets and hosts per subnet, and determining valid subnets and broadcast addresses. The document also explains VLSM and how it allows more efficient use of IP addresses and provides examples of applying VLSM. Finally, it discusses troubleshooting topics like identifying reasons a host cannot access a server or LAN segment.
CCNP Routing
- The document is a lab manual for configuring and observing RIP routing between two routers, R1 and R2.
- In the first lab, RIP v1 is configured on both routers to exchange routes. The loopback and connected networks of each router are observed in their routing tables.
- The second lab examines RIP v1 updates, including that periodic updates are not sent at constant intervals. Disabling and enabling interfaces is used to observe triggered updates.
- The third lab configures unicast RIP updates between the routers instead of broadcast, by using the passive and neighbor commands.
CCNP Routing Workbook
This PDF shows the lab practical explanation in a detailed manner with different modules.
CCNP Routing and Switching Lab Workshop Modules which explains Lab theory .
1 - Variable - length subnet mask
2 - Route Summarizations
3 - Basic RIP Configuration
4 - RIP operations
5 - RIP using UNICAST
6 - Default Network using Default Information Originate
7 - Basic RIP V2 Configuration
8 - RIP 2 Operation
9 - Compatibility with RIP version 1
10 - RIP V2 Plain Text Authentication
11 - RIP V2 MD5 Authentication
12 - Enhanced IGRP ( EIGRP )
13 - Terminology
14 - Packet Types
15 - EIGRP Summarization
16 - Configuring basic EIGRP
17 - Basic metric Calculation
18 - Passive Interfaces with EIGRP
19 - Unequal - Cost - Load Balancing
20 - Route Summarization
21 - Injecting Default route with route redistribution
22 - Injecting a default route with Summery - Address command
23 - Redistribution directory connected network
24 - Redistribution EIGRP into EIGRP with different AS , EIGRP into RIP , EIGRP into RIP using route filtering
25 - Redistribution static using route filtering
26 - EIGRP Authentication
27 - Open Shortest path first
28 - Areas and Router types
29 - OSPF Terminology
30 - OSPF Network Types
31 - OSPF Protocols and Packets
32 - Problems with a large OSPF single area
33 - Multiarea components
34 - OSPF Over Ethernet
35 - Specifying DR and BDR
36 - Clear Text Authentication
37 - MD5 Authentication
38 - OSPF in a Point-to-Point Configuration
39 - OSPF in a Mixed Topology
40 - Redistributing OSPF and RIP
41 - Redistributing OSPF and EIGRP
42 - OSPF in a Mixed Topology
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The boot process for an x86 system involves the system BIOS checking the system and launching the first stage boot loader from the MBR. The first stage boot loader then loads the second stage boot loader from the /boot/ partition. The second stage boot loader loads the kernel into memory, which loads modules and mounts the root partition read-only before transferring control to the /sbin/init program.
Rhel 7 root password reset
To enter emergency mode and change the root password:
1) Edit the kernel line at boot to append "rd.break" to enter emergency mode.
2) Mount the sysroot in read-write mode and chroot into it to change the root password using the "passwd" command.
3) Touch the hidden file ".autorelabel" and run "sync" to relable files and flush caches before rebooting with the new root password.
RedHat/CentOs Commands for administrative works
This document provides a list of keyboard shortcuts and Linux commands. Some key shortcuts include Ctrl+Alt+Backspace to kill the X session, Ctrl+Alt+Delete to shut down from a non-graphical shell, and Alt+Tab to switch tasks. Common commands are ls to list files, cd to change directories, grep to search files, and sudo to run commands with admin privileges. System administration commands include useradd to add users, chown to change file ownership, and top to view running processes.
How to transfer core mode into gui in RedHat/centOs
To transfer a Red Hat or CentOS system from core mode to GUI mode:
1. Edit the network configuration file to set the ONBOOT option to "YES" for the network interface.
2. Install the GNOME Desktop and graphical administration tools using Yum.
3. Create a symbolic link to set the default runlevel to 5, which enables the GUI login.
Reboot the system to start in GUI mode.
Assignment on windows firewall
A firewall protects a computer or network by allowing or blocking network traffic based on certain criteria. A Windows firewall can filter traffic by IP address, protocol, and port number. There are public, private, and domain profiles that apply different security levels depending on whether the network is public, private, or part of a domain. The Windows firewall advanced security console allows creating custom inbound and outbound rules to finely control network access.
Assignment on high availability(clustering)
The document discusses high availability (HA) clustering which uses multiple computers to minimize downtime for server applications. It describes different types of HA clustering including connectivity-based, centroid-based, distribution-based, and density-based clustering. Specific examples of implementing HA are also provided for DNS, VMs, DHCP, SQL, domains, storage, web applications, file servers, and networks.
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How to transfer core mode into gui in RedHat/centOs
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
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4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
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- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
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Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
“I’m still / I’m still / Chaining from the Block”
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
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- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
Easy vlsm
- 1. 1 Post prepared by : MD. SHIHAB HOSSAIN. (IDB-BISEW), Cell: 01750006844, Mail: shihabmsh@live.com VLSM Short-cut I hope this post will guide you to calculate VLSM very shortly. Also you don’t have to remember binary for every number except subnet mask. I take an IP address, for example: 192.168.100.40 /27 Step 1 : Subnet Mask
- 2. 2 Post prepared by : MD. SHIHAB HOSSAIN. (IDB-BISEW), Cell: 01750006844, Mail: shihabmsh@live.com Step 2 : Network Address and Broadcast Address Fill first 3 octets with IP Address.
- 3. 3 Post prepared by : MD. SHIHAB HOSSAIN. (IDB-BISEW), Cell: 01750006844, Mail: shihabmsh@live.com Now the first number of the block is Network Address and Last number of block is Broadcast Address. Step 3 : Valid IP Range
- 4. 4 Post prepared by : MD. SHIHAB HOSSAIN. (IDB-BISEW), Cell: 01750006844, Mail: shihabmsh@live.com Step 4 : Number of Hosts