earth work.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•10 views
1. Excavation shall be measured in stages of 1.5m and include getting the earth at least 1m clear of the edge. 2. Filling under floors shall include spreading in layers up to 20cm thick, watering, ramming and leveling. 3. For works requiring formwork, damp proofing or other coverings, authorized quantities or actual excavation will be measured, with working spaces of 60cm or 1.5m depending on the work.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
A BRIEF OF IS 1200 PART 4,5,6
This document discusses methods of measurement for construction cost management. It covers measurement units for length, area, volume, weight, and number of items. It provides guidance on clubbing items, ordering dimensions, and measuring to a certain decimal place. It also addresses descriptions of items, waste, deductions, and separate measurement for difficult work conditions. Measurement categories are outlined for various construction components like masonry, formwork, and refractory works.
Measurements in construction
The document provides guidelines for measurement in construction projects. It discusses general rules for measurement of dimensions and units. It then describes the methods of measurement for various construction items like earthwork, concrete, brickwork, stone masonry, formwork, steelwork, roofing, ceiling/lining, flooring, and finishing. Measurement is typically done by area (sqm), volume (cum), length (rmt), or numbers, with specifications on deductions and additions for openings, joints etc. Proper measurement is important from project planning and estimation to completion and payment.
Creation of low cost Housing
The document outlines the methodology for a project aimed at creating low cost housing in England and Wales. It discusses excavating and preparing the earth, laying concrete foundations, constructing reinforced concrete structures, brickwork, finishing work like flooring and plastering, roofing, and waterproofing. The goal is to overcome barriers to low cost housing through technical innovations, improved construction practices, training tradespeople, and increasing public understanding of energy efficiency. Following all specifications set by the authority, the project aims to demonstrate efficient methodology for developing affordable housing.
Earthwork and excavation
This document provides information on estimating earthwork and excavation quantities for civil engineering projects. It discusses:
- Common types of excavation like soft soil, hard soil, mud, soft rock, and hard rock.
- Methods for calculating excavation volumes based on length, breadth, depth, and classification of materials.
- Considerations for excavating foundations including ensuring vertical sides and level bottoms before pouring concrete.
- Methods for calculating quantities of earthwork for roadworks using cross-sectional areas, prismoidal formulas, and mean heights.
Tunnelling methods
This document discusses various methods of tunneling in soft soil, including timbering methods like the fore-poling method and needle beam method, as well as other methods like the shield method and compressed air method. It provides details on the sequence of operations and characteristics of different tunneling methods based on the type of soft soil present, including challenges around maintaining air pressure for compressed air tunneling.
Specifications of rcc foundation
The document discusses foundations, which are the part of a structure below ground level that transmits the load of the superstructure to the soil. It also discusses concrete mixes like M25 grade concrete, which has a specified 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm2. Finally, it provides specifications for excavation of foundations, removal of water from foundations, damp proof course installation, and precautions for designing foundations.
General Specifications (Architecture)
General Specifications of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Class Buildings.
Details of Excavation for Lime Concrete Foundation
Lec 9 center line method
This document provides details for estimating the cost of constructing a two room office building, including specifications, dimensions, and calculations. It begins by outlining the footing, floor, and roof details. It then provides a three step process for cost estimation: [1] excavation, [2] PCC (plain cement concrete) for foundations, and [3] calculating quantities of cement, sand, and aggregate required for the PCC based on the volume. Calculations are shown using the center line method to determine excavation and concrete quantities based on wall lengths and dimensions.
Recommended
A BRIEF OF IS 1200 PART 4,5,6
This document discusses methods of measurement for construction cost management. It covers measurement units for length, area, volume, weight, and number of items. It provides guidance on clubbing items, ordering dimensions, and measuring to a certain decimal place. It also addresses descriptions of items, waste, deductions, and separate measurement for difficult work conditions. Measurement categories are outlined for various construction components like masonry, formwork, and refractory works.
Measurements in construction
The document provides guidelines for measurement in construction projects. It discusses general rules for measurement of dimensions and units. It then describes the methods of measurement for various construction items like earthwork, concrete, brickwork, stone masonry, formwork, steelwork, roofing, ceiling/lining, flooring, and finishing. Measurement is typically done by area (sqm), volume (cum), length (rmt), or numbers, with specifications on deductions and additions for openings, joints etc. Proper measurement is important from project planning and estimation to completion and payment.
Creation of low cost Housing
The document outlines the methodology for a project aimed at creating low cost housing in England and Wales. It discusses excavating and preparing the earth, laying concrete foundations, constructing reinforced concrete structures, brickwork, finishing work like flooring and plastering, roofing, and waterproofing. The goal is to overcome barriers to low cost housing through technical innovations, improved construction practices, training tradespeople, and increasing public understanding of energy efficiency. Following all specifications set by the authority, the project aims to demonstrate efficient methodology for developing affordable housing.
Earthwork and excavation
This document provides information on estimating earthwork and excavation quantities for civil engineering projects. It discusses:
- Common types of excavation like soft soil, hard soil, mud, soft rock, and hard rock.
- Methods for calculating excavation volumes based on length, breadth, depth, and classification of materials.
- Considerations for excavating foundations including ensuring vertical sides and level bottoms before pouring concrete.
- Methods for calculating quantities of earthwork for roadworks using cross-sectional areas, prismoidal formulas, and mean heights.
Tunnelling methods
This document discusses various methods of tunneling in soft soil, including timbering methods like the fore-poling method and needle beam method, as well as other methods like the shield method and compressed air method. It provides details on the sequence of operations and characteristics of different tunneling methods based on the type of soft soil present, including challenges around maintaining air pressure for compressed air tunneling.
Specifications of rcc foundation
The document discusses foundations, which are the part of a structure below ground level that transmits the load of the superstructure to the soil. It also discusses concrete mixes like M25 grade concrete, which has a specified 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm2. Finally, it provides specifications for excavation of foundations, removal of water from foundations, damp proof course installation, and precautions for designing foundations.
General Specifications (Architecture)
General Specifications of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Class Buildings.
Details of Excavation for Lime Concrete Foundation
Lec 9 center line method
This document provides details for estimating the cost of constructing a two room office building, including specifications, dimensions, and calculations. It begins by outlining the footing, floor, and roof details. It then provides a three step process for cost estimation: [1] excavation, [2] PCC (plain cement concrete) for foundations, and [3] calculating quantities of cement, sand, and aggregate required for the PCC based on the volume. Calculations are shown using the center line method to determine excavation and concrete quantities based on wall lengths and dimensions.
lecture 5 - Technical Specifications and MM.pptx
The document provides technical specifications and measurement methods for various construction works including:
- Excavation and earthworks such as site clearance, bulk excavation, backfilling, and disposal of surplus material.
- Concrete work including mixing, placing, curing, formwork, and reinforcement. Concrete is measured by volume.
- Reinforcement including storage, fixing, tying and measurement by weight.
Dynamic_compaction.pptx
Dynamic compaction is a ground improvement technique that involves repeatedly dropping heavy weights from cranes to densify loose soils by collapsing air voids and increasing density. It has been used successfully on soils like alluvium, landfills, and collapsible soils. The technique works best on granular soils below the water table. Factors like depth, permeability, and water table are considered to determine weight, drop height, and spacing during compaction. Advantages include reduced settlements and increased bearing capacity, while limitations include potential effects on nearby structures from shock waves.
5. Dewatering F1.pdf
The document provides an overview of construction dewatering techniques. It discusses that construction dewatering involves controlling subsurface and surface water to allow construction in dry conditions. Common dewatering methods include sumps, wells, and wellpoints. Sumps are used for shallow localized dewatering while wells can dewater large areas to great depths. Wellpoints are used in coarse soils and operate under vacuum. Other advanced techniques like freezing and deep wells are also discussed. Proper dewatering design requires understanding soil properties, hydrology, and construction needs. Dewatering analysis and testing is required to select the appropriate technique.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR ADDL HOUSING PROJECT.pptx
The document provides specifications for various construction works including site clearance, foundation, roofing, flooring, finishing, doors and windows, and miscellaneous works. It also includes detailed specifications for reinforced cement concrete with descriptions of materials, centering and shuttering, proportioning, mixing, laying, curing, and removal of formwork. Finally, it outlines detailed specifications for first class brick including soaking, mortar specifications, laying techniques, and curing of brickwork.
Building construction
The document provides information on the typical stages of construction for a building project, including conception of the scheme, site investigation, designs, drawings and estimating, preparation of specifications, procurement of materials, supervision, and preparation of a time schedule. It discusses the stages in more detail, including site clearance, demarcation, positioning of the central coordinate, surveying and layout. It also describes the sequences and procedures for substructure elements like foundations (shallow and deep), grade beams, and superstructure elements like columns, beams and slabs, brickwork, and finishing work. Reinforcement practices and requirements for concrete mixing are also outlined.
sm-1_chap._6_geotechnical_investigation.pptx
The document discusses site investigation methods for assessing soil conditions, which include topographic surveys, soil exploration techniques like test pits and boreholes, in-situ tests, and collecting representative soil samples. The goal of the investigation is to determine soil properties and stratigraphy, groundwater conditions, and suitability of the site for construction in order to inform design and construction and address potential problems. The extent and methods used depend on factors like site conditions, project nature, time and budget available for the investigation.
GOOD CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE.pptx
The document provides guidelines for good construction practices and techniques to prevent structural damage. It discusses site cleaning and preparation, site barricading and fencing, excavating foundations up to 3m depth using manual and mechanical methods, excavating deeper than 3m using braced cuts and contiguous piles, backfilling foundations, and safety practices for excavation according to Indian standards. Reinforcement practices, formwork, concreting, curing, masonry, plastering, flooring, plumbing, and weatherproofing of terraces are also covered.
2_2._BOQ.pdf
1. This document provides a bill of quantities for various civil works items for a construction project. It includes items for earthwork, concrete work, reinforcement, brickwork, plastering, painting, and more.
2. The document lists line items with descriptions, units, quantities, and space for rates and amounts. It appears to be a template for collecting price quotes from contractors to develop a total cost estimate for the civil works.
3. In total, there are over 30 line items covering excavation, concrete, reinforcement, masonry, plastering, waterproofing, and other finishes. The level of detail in specifications and quantities for each item allows for development of an accurate project budget.
BUILDING ESTIMATION (Details Estimate For G+2 Storied Building presentation ...
The document provides details for estimating the costs of constructing a G+2 storied building. It includes plans for the building layout, dimensions for various structural elements, and methods for calculating quantities of materials needed. The estimation process involves measuring quantities from drawings, applying unit rates, and preparing an abstract of costs for all necessary line items. Formulas are provided for estimating quantities of items like brickwork, concrete work, shuttering, and plastering based on the building's dimensions and number of structural components.
CASE STUDY. on Restoration and rehabilitation
The document provides recommendations for various treatments to address issues like seepage in basements, cracks in concrete and masonry, dampness, and waterproofing. It describes procedures for installing a seepage water sump to reduce basement seepage pressure. It also outlines treatments for cracks in reinforced concrete slabs and retaining walls which involve drilling, grouting, and sealing cracks. Expansion joints are recommended to be incorporated in concrete floors to prevent cracking from thermal stresses.
CASE STUDY of remedial measure of civil works
The document provides recommendations for various treatments to address issues like seepage in basements, cracks in concrete and masonry, dampness, and waterproofing. It describes procedures for installing a seepage water sump to reduce basement seepage pressure. It also outlines treatments for cracks in reinforced concrete slabs and retaining walls which involve drilling, grouting, and sealing cracks. Expansion joints are recommended to be incorporated in concrete floors to prevent cracking from thermal stresses.
sample.pptx
The document provides guidelines for good construction practices and techniques to prevent structural damage. It discusses site cleaning and preparation, site barricading and fencing, excavating foundations up to 3m depth using manual and mechanical methods with dewatering, excavating deeper than 3m using braced cuts, sheet piles, contiguous piles, soil nailing and shotcreting, and diaphragm walls. It also discusses filling in foundations, basement, and PCC, formwork, reinforcement, concreting, curing, brick masonry, plastering, weathering course, tiling, flooring, and plumbing.
BY LAWS CLUSTER HOUSING
This document outlines several general principles and guidelines for building bylaws, including:
- Building bylaws should be reasonably rigid but also flexible to adapt to scientific and engineering improvements over time.
- Regulations specify minimum window space, sanitary conveniences, and air circulation based on the number of inmates in a building.
- Buildings should receive direct light and air from exterior open spaces on at least two sides.
- Regulations govern the relationship between room/building cubic contents and surrounding open spaces, as well as building heights based on zone.
- Setbacks, distances between buildings, water/utility connections, fire arrangements, and more are uniformly regulated.
Well Foundation
Well foundations are a type of deep foundation used when heavy loading is required. There are three main types - box caissons, open caissons (wells), and pneumatic caissons. Well foundations have been used in India for hundreds of years in structures like bridges and buildings. Open caisson foundations, also called wells, are boxes open at the top and bottom that are sunk into position. The document then describes the components and design considerations of well foundations, including shapes, loads, sinking procedures, and construction details.
12724469 wtp-cost-estimate
The document appears to be a bill of quantities for civil works for a 2.3 MLD water treatment plant. It includes line items and quantities for various excavation, concrete, reinforcement, masonry, plastering and painting works. The total estimated cost for the civil works is over 30 million rupees, covering earthwork, controlled concrete, structural steel, masonry, plastering and other items.
Earthworks or Groundworks
Earthwork or Groundworks Module 2nd -BCT301
Building Construction Technology Course and Equipment
Lecturer’s name: Saad Talaat BILBAS
University: Erbil Polytechnic University
College: Engineering
Department: Civil
#Building and Construction Technology
Imp Aspect of road.ppt
This document provides details on various aspects of road construction including:
1) Classification of excavated materials such as soil, ordinary rock, hard rock, and marshy soil.
2) Requirements for embankment construction including physical requirements of materials, compaction and moisture content, layer thickness, and quality control tests.
3) Details on road drainage systems including types of aggregate drains and their grading requirements.
GROUP 4 LITERATURE.pptx
The document provides guidelines and requirements for group housing projects including:
- Floor area ratio and coverage ratios that determine how much of the plot can be covered by buildings.
- Standard sizes for rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and other interior spaces.
- Requirements for facilities like staircases, lifts, ventilation and basement construction.
- Norms for landscaping, tree planting, and conservation of water resources.
- Provisions for ensuring accessibility for fire tenders and emergency vehicles.
5. Dewatering.pdf
Construction dewatering techniques are used to control subsurface water levels during construction projects. Common techniques include sumps, wellpoints, and deep wells. Sumps are useful for shallow dewatering in tight soils. Wellpoints are small-diameter, shallow wells that can effectively dewater coarse soils and are often used in wellpoint systems connected to header pipes and pumps. Deep wells, which use submersible pumps, can lower water levels deeper than wellpoints and are best suited to permeable soils. Other methods like caissons, ground freezing, and underwater excavation are more complex and costly.
ABC 1st Week(2hrs
This document provides information about setting out foundation trenches and excavation procedures for building foundations. It discusses the basic steps for setting out trenches, including marking building corners, laying centerlines, and using triangles or instruments to mark perpendicular lines. It then describes various methods for supporting trench walls during excavation, such as stay bracing, box sheeting, vertical sheeting, runner systems, and sheet piling, and provides diagrams to illustrate each technique. Sheet piling is noted as the preferred method for deep, wide excavations or those with loose soil or groundwater.
Performance appraisal for employes .pptx
The document outlines steps to introduce a remedial training program for an employee named Rohan, including assessing his training needs, developing a customized training plan, implementing training methods like on-the-job training and workshops, monitoring his progress, reassessing and adjusting the program as needed, and rewarding improvements in his performance.
hh.pptx erp related business ppt for mba
Materials management refers to the systematic planning, organization, and control of materials throughout the supply chain. It includes functions like procurement, inventory management, logistics, and warehousing. ERP systems integrate these functions to streamline processes, optimize inventory levels, reduce costs, and ensure efficient resource use. Key aspects of materials management include procurement, inventory control, warehousing, logistics, supplier relationships, quality control, cost management, and disposal/recycling. Materials management systems generate reports to track inventory, purchase orders, receipts, usage, supplier performance, obsolete materials, and costs.
More Related Content
Similar to earth work.pptx
lecture 5 - Technical Specifications and MM.pptx
The document provides technical specifications and measurement methods for various construction works including:
- Excavation and earthworks such as site clearance, bulk excavation, backfilling, and disposal of surplus material.
- Concrete work including mixing, placing, curing, formwork, and reinforcement. Concrete is measured by volume.
- Reinforcement including storage, fixing, tying and measurement by weight.
Dynamic_compaction.pptx
Dynamic compaction is a ground improvement technique that involves repeatedly dropping heavy weights from cranes to densify loose soils by collapsing air voids and increasing density. It has been used successfully on soils like alluvium, landfills, and collapsible soils. The technique works best on granular soils below the water table. Factors like depth, permeability, and water table are considered to determine weight, drop height, and spacing during compaction. Advantages include reduced settlements and increased bearing capacity, while limitations include potential effects on nearby structures from shock waves.
5. Dewatering F1.pdf
The document provides an overview of construction dewatering techniques. It discusses that construction dewatering involves controlling subsurface and surface water to allow construction in dry conditions. Common dewatering methods include sumps, wells, and wellpoints. Sumps are used for shallow localized dewatering while wells can dewater large areas to great depths. Wellpoints are used in coarse soils and operate under vacuum. Other advanced techniques like freezing and deep wells are also discussed. Proper dewatering design requires understanding soil properties, hydrology, and construction needs. Dewatering analysis and testing is required to select the appropriate technique.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR ADDL HOUSING PROJECT.pptx
The document provides specifications for various construction works including site clearance, foundation, roofing, flooring, finishing, doors and windows, and miscellaneous works. It also includes detailed specifications for reinforced cement concrete with descriptions of materials, centering and shuttering, proportioning, mixing, laying, curing, and removal of formwork. Finally, it outlines detailed specifications for first class brick including soaking, mortar specifications, laying techniques, and curing of brickwork.
Building construction
The document provides information on the typical stages of construction for a building project, including conception of the scheme, site investigation, designs, drawings and estimating, preparation of specifications, procurement of materials, supervision, and preparation of a time schedule. It discusses the stages in more detail, including site clearance, demarcation, positioning of the central coordinate, surveying and layout. It also describes the sequences and procedures for substructure elements like foundations (shallow and deep), grade beams, and superstructure elements like columns, beams and slabs, brickwork, and finishing work. Reinforcement practices and requirements for concrete mixing are also outlined.
sm-1_chap._6_geotechnical_investigation.pptx
The document discusses site investigation methods for assessing soil conditions, which include topographic surveys, soil exploration techniques like test pits and boreholes, in-situ tests, and collecting representative soil samples. The goal of the investigation is to determine soil properties and stratigraphy, groundwater conditions, and suitability of the site for construction in order to inform design and construction and address potential problems. The extent and methods used depend on factors like site conditions, project nature, time and budget available for the investigation.
GOOD CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE.pptx
The document provides guidelines for good construction practices and techniques to prevent structural damage. It discusses site cleaning and preparation, site barricading and fencing, excavating foundations up to 3m depth using manual and mechanical methods, excavating deeper than 3m using braced cuts and contiguous piles, backfilling foundations, and safety practices for excavation according to Indian standards. Reinforcement practices, formwork, concreting, curing, masonry, plastering, flooring, plumbing, and weatherproofing of terraces are also covered.
2_2._BOQ.pdf
1. This document provides a bill of quantities for various civil works items for a construction project. It includes items for earthwork, concrete work, reinforcement, brickwork, plastering, painting, and more.
2. The document lists line items with descriptions, units, quantities, and space for rates and amounts. It appears to be a template for collecting price quotes from contractors to develop a total cost estimate for the civil works.
3. In total, there are over 30 line items covering excavation, concrete, reinforcement, masonry, plastering, waterproofing, and other finishes. The level of detail in specifications and quantities for each item allows for development of an accurate project budget.
BUILDING ESTIMATION (Details Estimate For G+2 Storied Building presentation ...
The document provides details for estimating the costs of constructing a G+2 storied building. It includes plans for the building layout, dimensions for various structural elements, and methods for calculating quantities of materials needed. The estimation process involves measuring quantities from drawings, applying unit rates, and preparing an abstract of costs for all necessary line items. Formulas are provided for estimating quantities of items like brickwork, concrete work, shuttering, and plastering based on the building's dimensions and number of structural components.
CASE STUDY. on Restoration and rehabilitation
The document provides recommendations for various treatments to address issues like seepage in basements, cracks in concrete and masonry, dampness, and waterproofing. It describes procedures for installing a seepage water sump to reduce basement seepage pressure. It also outlines treatments for cracks in reinforced concrete slabs and retaining walls which involve drilling, grouting, and sealing cracks. Expansion joints are recommended to be incorporated in concrete floors to prevent cracking from thermal stresses.
CASE STUDY of remedial measure of civil works
The document provides recommendations for various treatments to address issues like seepage in basements, cracks in concrete and masonry, dampness, and waterproofing. It describes procedures for installing a seepage water sump to reduce basement seepage pressure. It also outlines treatments for cracks in reinforced concrete slabs and retaining walls which involve drilling, grouting, and sealing cracks. Expansion joints are recommended to be incorporated in concrete floors to prevent cracking from thermal stresses.
sample.pptx
The document provides guidelines for good construction practices and techniques to prevent structural damage. It discusses site cleaning and preparation, site barricading and fencing, excavating foundations up to 3m depth using manual and mechanical methods with dewatering, excavating deeper than 3m using braced cuts, sheet piles, contiguous piles, soil nailing and shotcreting, and diaphragm walls. It also discusses filling in foundations, basement, and PCC, formwork, reinforcement, concreting, curing, brick masonry, plastering, weathering course, tiling, flooring, and plumbing.
BY LAWS CLUSTER HOUSING
This document outlines several general principles and guidelines for building bylaws, including:
- Building bylaws should be reasonably rigid but also flexible to adapt to scientific and engineering improvements over time.
- Regulations specify minimum window space, sanitary conveniences, and air circulation based on the number of inmates in a building.
- Buildings should receive direct light and air from exterior open spaces on at least two sides.
- Regulations govern the relationship between room/building cubic contents and surrounding open spaces, as well as building heights based on zone.
- Setbacks, distances between buildings, water/utility connections, fire arrangements, and more are uniformly regulated.
Well Foundation
Well foundations are a type of deep foundation used when heavy loading is required. There are three main types - box caissons, open caissons (wells), and pneumatic caissons. Well foundations have been used in India for hundreds of years in structures like bridges and buildings. Open caisson foundations, also called wells, are boxes open at the top and bottom that are sunk into position. The document then describes the components and design considerations of well foundations, including shapes, loads, sinking procedures, and construction details.
12724469 wtp-cost-estimate
The document appears to be a bill of quantities for civil works for a 2.3 MLD water treatment plant. It includes line items and quantities for various excavation, concrete, reinforcement, masonry, plastering and painting works. The total estimated cost for the civil works is over 30 million rupees, covering earthwork, controlled concrete, structural steel, masonry, plastering and other items.
Earthworks or Groundworks
Earthwork or Groundworks Module 2nd -BCT301
Building Construction Technology Course and Equipment
Lecturer’s name: Saad Talaat BILBAS
University: Erbil Polytechnic University
College: Engineering
Department: Civil
#Building and Construction Technology
Imp Aspect of road.ppt
This document provides details on various aspects of road construction including:
1) Classification of excavated materials such as soil, ordinary rock, hard rock, and marshy soil.
2) Requirements for embankment construction including physical requirements of materials, compaction and moisture content, layer thickness, and quality control tests.
3) Details on road drainage systems including types of aggregate drains and their grading requirements.
GROUP 4 LITERATURE.pptx
The document provides guidelines and requirements for group housing projects including:
- Floor area ratio and coverage ratios that determine how much of the plot can be covered by buildings.
- Standard sizes for rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and other interior spaces.
- Requirements for facilities like staircases, lifts, ventilation and basement construction.
- Norms for landscaping, tree planting, and conservation of water resources.
- Provisions for ensuring accessibility for fire tenders and emergency vehicles.
5. Dewatering.pdf
Construction dewatering techniques are used to control subsurface water levels during construction projects. Common techniques include sumps, wellpoints, and deep wells. Sumps are useful for shallow dewatering in tight soils. Wellpoints are small-diameter, shallow wells that can effectively dewater coarse soils and are often used in wellpoint systems connected to header pipes and pumps. Deep wells, which use submersible pumps, can lower water levels deeper than wellpoints and are best suited to permeable soils. Other methods like caissons, ground freezing, and underwater excavation are more complex and costly.
ABC 1st Week(2hrs
This document provides information about setting out foundation trenches and excavation procedures for building foundations. It discusses the basic steps for setting out trenches, including marking building corners, laying centerlines, and using triangles or instruments to mark perpendicular lines. It then describes various methods for supporting trench walls during excavation, such as stay bracing, box sheeting, vertical sheeting, runner systems, and sheet piling, and provides diagrams to illustrate each technique. Sheet piling is noted as the preferred method for deep, wide excavations or those with loose soil or groundwater.
Similar to earth work.pptx (20)
BUILDING ESTIMATION (Details Estimate For G+2 Storied Building presentation ...
BUILDING ESTIMATION (Details Estimate For G+2 Storied Building presentation ...
More from HiteshParmar311308
Performance appraisal for employes .pptx
The document outlines steps to introduce a remedial training program for an employee named Rohan, including assessing his training needs, developing a customized training plan, implementing training methods like on-the-job training and workshops, monitoring his progress, reassessing and adjusting the program as needed, and rewarding improvements in his performance.
hh.pptx erp related business ppt for mba
Materials management refers to the systematic planning, organization, and control of materials throughout the supply chain. It includes functions like procurement, inventory management, logistics, and warehousing. ERP systems integrate these functions to streamline processes, optimize inventory levels, reduce costs, and ensure efficient resource use. Key aspects of materials management include procurement, inventory control, warehousing, logistics, supplier relationships, quality control, cost management, and disposal/recycling. Materials management systems generate reports to track inventory, purchase orders, receipts, usage, supplier performance, obsolete materials, and costs.
marketing 1.pptx
This document discusses various targeting and positioning strategies for marketing, including mass marketing, niche marketing, and segment marketing. It defines targeting as evaluating market segments and selecting which to serve based on attractiveness and profitability. Positioning involves crafting a brand's image and perception so it holds a distinct, differentiated place in customers' minds compared to competitors. The document provides examples of companies using different strategies, such as Coca-Cola's former mass marketing approach and Toyota targeting multiple vehicle segments. It also outlines steps in determining a positioning plan like identifying customer needs and selecting an image that differentiates the brand.
Marketing STP(MM)(APPROVED-PPT).pptx
The document discusses various strategies for market segmentation and targeting. It describes geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. It also outlines requirements for effective segmentation such as being measurable, accessible, substantial, and actionable. The document then discusses steps in the segmentation process and different targeting strategies such as mass marketing, differentiated marketing, and niche marketing. It provides examples of companies using various segmentation and targeting approaches.
Performance Appraisal.pptx
The document discusses the need for performance appraisals in organizations and their various uses. Performance appraisals are used for developmental purposes like providing feedback and identifying strengths and development needs, and for administrative decisions like determining salary, promotions, retention, and identifying poor performers. They are also used for organizational maintenance like HR planning, evaluating goal achievement, and reinforcing organizational needs. The document then describes traditional and modern methods of performance appraisal used in Indian organizations, such as ranking, MBO, graphic rating scales, critical incident, and 360/720 degree methods. It provides details on the graphic rating scale method and competency assessment for senior executives. Finally, it outlines the typical performance appraisal process followed in organizations.
str.%20analysis.pptx
This document discusses shear force and bending moment calculations for beams subjected to different loading conditions. It provides examples of calculating the reactions, shear forces and bending moments at sections of beams. For one example beam, the maximum bending moment is found to occur at the section where the shear force is zero, located a distance of 2.24m from the left support. Points of contraflexure, where the bending moment changes sign, are also identified for some examples.
earth.pptx
The document lists excavation works that shall not be measured separately, including site preparation works like clearing vegetation, unauthorized changes to excavation, and forming temporary structures. It also specifies that excavation shall be measured in successive stages of 1.5m and described as "excavate and get out", which includes throwing excavated earth at least 1m clear of the excavation edge.
Group_28_17CE334_Deepa.A.sinha.pptx
Light weight concrete, contains normal Light weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sand, light weight aggregate, sand, Light weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sandLight weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sandLight weight concrete, contains normal aggregate, light weight aggregate, sand
7_to_infinity_beyond_aug.ppt
The document discusses the role of the process analyst in bridging business and IT perspectives on a design team. It outlines how the process analyst must understand different components of abstract thinking and ensure all perspectives of team members are considered. The process analyst acts as an interpreter between subject matter experts focused on business concepts and enterprise architects focused more on technical context and content. The summary discusses skills process analysts need to effectively communicate with both business and IT teams, such as business knowledge, technical knowledge, and ability to define services and translate business models to system models.
earthwork ruel.pptx
This document provides measurement guidelines for earthwork projects. It states that dimensions should be measured to the nearest 0.01 m or 0.1 m depending on the size. Areas are to be calculated to the nearest 0.01 m2 and volumes to the nearest 0.01 m3. Several works like site clearance, unauthorized changes to excavation, and temporary supports will not be measured separately. Excavation is to be measured in successive 1.5 m stages, stating the starting level, and excavated earth must be placed at least 1 m or 1/3 the depth away from the excavation edge.
More from HiteshParmar311308 (10)
Recently uploaded
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Modelagem de um CSTR com reação endotermica.pdf
Modelagem em função de transferencia. CSTR não-linear.
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Bigdata of technology
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Horizon Generation
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Recently uploaded (20)
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
2. Operations Strategy in a Global Environment.ppt
2. Operations Strategy in a Global Environment.ppt
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
earth work.pptx
- 1. Important notes • All excavation shall be measured in successive stages of 1.5 m stating the commencing level. This shall not apply to cases where no lift is involved as in hillside cutting. • All excavation shall generally be described as ‘excavate and get out’. Getting out shall include throwing the excavated earth at least one metre or l/3 depth of excavation whichever is more clear of the edge of excavation • Filling under floors shall be measured in cubic metres and shall include spreading in layers not exceeding 20 cm in depth watering, well ramming and levelling. 1
- 2. 2
- 3. 3
- 4. Working space • In case of the following works, authorized quantities ( calculated on the basis of authorized working space ) or those actually excavated, whichever are less, shall be measured: a) In work which requires form work; b) In work which will be covered externally with a damp proof covering; c) In work which will be covered externally with protective masonry work of brick, stone, precast concrete, etc; d) Trenches which are to receive post tensioned concrete ground beams; e) Special works like guniting, etc; and f) In work which requires workmen to operate from the outside. • Authorized working space=60 cm measured from the face of structure at lowest level, for (case-a,b,c,e,f) • Authorized working space= 1.5m measured from the face of structure at lowest level, for (case-d) 4
- 5. Excavation in Trenches for Foundations and for Pipes, Cables, etc • Excavation in trenches for foundations and for pipes, cables, etc, not exceeding 1.5 m in width and for shafts, wells, cesspits and the like not exceeding 10 m2 on plan shall be so described and measured in cubicmetres. • The authorized quantities ( calculated on the basis of authorized width ) or those excavated whichever are less shall be measured in case of excavation for pipes, cables, etc. • Case-1, d<1m • Working space=25cm+outer dia+25cm • Case-2, d>1m • Working space=25cm+outer dia+25cm+5 cm/m depth for each side 5
- 6. LEAD • lead : the area excavate, shall be divided into suitable blocks and for each block the distance from the centre of the block to centre of placed earth pertaining to this block shall be taken as lead. 6 LEAD MEASUREMENT UNIT 1. 0 to 250 m 50m 2. 250 to 500m 50m 3. 500 to 5 km 500m 4. More than 5km 1 km
- 7. LIFT • Lift shall be measured from ground level. Excavation up to 1.5 m depth below ground level and depositing excavated material on the ground shall be included in the item of earthwork for various kinds of soil. • Extra lift shall be measured in unit of 1.5 m 7
- 8. REMOVING TREES AND HEDGES • Clearing of shrubs, brushwood, small trees not exceeding 30 cm girth=SMT(include removal and disposal.) • Cutting down hedges and removal of fences=RMT (include removal and disposal.) • Cutting down trees of 30 cm girth and over up to 100 cm girth=NOS • Digging out of roots including stacking = NOS • The girth shall be measured at one meter above ground level. 8