This document discusses methods of measurement for construction cost management. It covers measurement units for length, area, volume, weight, and number of items. It provides guidance on clubbing items, ordering dimensions, and measuring to a certain decimal place. It also addresses descriptions of items, waste, deductions, and separate measurement for difficult work conditions. Measurement categories are outlined for various construction components like masonry, formwork, and refractory works.

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Subhendu Datta MBA in Construction Project Management

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1. Methods of Measurement
2. Part 4- Stone Masonry
3. Part 5- Formwork
4. Part 6- Refractory Works
5. Summary
6. References

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LENGTH PIECE WORK
WEIGHT AREA
VOLUME
0.01 m
0.01 m2
0.01 m3
0.001 tonne
Nos.

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 Clubbing of Items - Items may be clubbed together provided that break-up of clubbed
items is on the basis of detailed descriptions of items as stated in this standard.
 Booking of Dimensions - Order shall be consistent and generally in the sequence of
length, breadth or width and height or depth or thickness.
 Measurements - All work shall be measured net in the decimal system, below as fixed in
its place, unless otherwise stated herein, as given
a) Dimensions shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 m.
b) Areas shall be worked out to the nearest 0.01 m2, and
c) Cubic contents shall be worked out to the nearest 0.01 m3.
 Description of Item - Description of each item shall, unless otherwise stated, be held to
include, conveyance, delivery, handling, unloading, storing, waste, returning of packing,
scaffolding, tools and tackle, as necessary.

6. CONSTRUCTIONCOSTMANAGEMENTSYSTEM  Waste - All measurements of cutting is waste ( Unless Stated)
 Deduction - Where minimum area is defined for deduction of an opening, void, or both, such
area shall refer only to opening or void within the space measured.
 Work to be Measured Separately - Work executed in the following conditions shall be
measured separately:
a) Work in or under water,
b) Work in liquid mud,
c) Work in or under foul positions,
d) Work interrupted by tides, and
e) Work in snow.
 Bills of Quantities - Items of work shall fully describe materials. and workmanship, and
accurately represent the work to be executed.
 Measurement in Stages - Work shall be measured in the following categories in convenient
stages stating height or depth:
a) Below ground/datum line, and
b) Above ground/datum line.

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 No deduction is made for following:
(1) Opening each up to 0.1 m2
(2) Ends of beams, post, rafters, etc. up to 500 sq.cm or 0.05 sq.m in section.
(3) Bed plate, wall plate, bearing of balcony (chajja) and the like up to 10 cm
depth. bearing of floor and roof slabs are not deducted from masonry.
(4) Cement concrete blocks for holdfasts, holding-down bolts and the like
(5) Iron fixtures such as wall ties, pipes up to 300 mm dia. and holdfasts of doors
and windows.
For other openings deduction are made in following manner:
 Deductions for Rectangular Opening:
Deductions = L x H x thickness of wall

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 The formwork shall include the following:
1. Splayed edges, notching, allowance for overlaps and passing's at angles, sheathing battens,
strutting, bolting, nailing, wedging, easing, striking and removal
2. All supports, struts, braces, wedges as well as mud sills, piles or other suitable arrangements
to support the formwork
3. Bolts, wire ties, clamps, spreaders, nails or any other items to hold the sheathing together;
4. Working scaffolds, ladder, gangways, and similar items;
5. Filleting to form stop-chamfered edges or splayed external angles not exceeding 20 mm wide
to beams, columns and the like;
6. If required, temporary openings in the forms for pouring concrete, inserting vibrators,
and cleaning holes for removing rubbish from the interior of the sheathing before pouring
concrete;
.

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Formwork shall be generally classified as follows and measured separately, unless specified otherwise:
 Foundation, footings, bases of columns and mass concrete;
 Flat surfaces
 Soffits and roof landings
 Vertical surfaces
 Walls, partitions including attached pilasters, buttresses, plinth and string courses
 Sloping or battering surfaces, including folded plates;
 Inclination to horizontal plane does not exceed 30” ( shuttering only on the underside );
 Inclination to horizontal plane exceeds 30” (shuttering may be provided both on underside and upper side)
 Arches
 i) up to 6 m span
 ii) above 6 m span
 Cylindrical Shells
 i) radius less than 3 m
 ii) radius above 3 m

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a) Wafle or ribbed slabs
b) Dormer vaults and shell roofs having curved surface area in both directions.
c) Sides of soffits of beams, beam haunching, cantilever, girders, beams and
girders 1m deep to be measured separately
d) Sides of piers, columns, pillars, posts and stanchions and struts to be measured
separately
e) Slabs, breaks in walls and floors to be measured in running meter
f) Cronices and moulding
g) Chullah hoods, weather shades, chhajas etc including edges.
h) Sloping or stepped soffits of staircases, inluding risers and stringers, excluding
landing.
i) Spiaral Staircase; Chimney and Shafts; Elevated water resevoirs; Well steining
and fins.

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1. To be measured in square meter as actual surface in contact with concrete.
2. To be lined with wallboard, hardboard, polyethylene sheet.
3. No deductions to be made for openings up to 0.4m2. No deduction shall be
made for any opening/cutouts when slip form technique is used.
4. Ranking or circular cutting, rounded or moulded edges to be measured in
running metre.
5. In main beams measurements to be made up to the sides without any
deduction in the intersection of the secondary beam.
6. Formwork to beam shall be measured up to sides of column, but no
deduction shall be made from the formwork of column.

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 The items of work wherever necessary and unless otherwise stated shall be
deemed to include the following:
 Dressing of the brick/blocks including cutting, grinding and chipping
to achieve proper thickness of joint and alignment
 Dressing of bricks/blocks including cutting, grinding and chipping
wherever necessary for expansion joints, sliding joints, binding joints, etc,
 Forming of expansion joints, sliding joints, etc
 Finishing, pointing, clearing and cleaning of masonry joints, gaps,
hollows, cavities, opening passages, ducts etc.

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 The refractory and insulation bricks and blocks, types of mortars and
powders to be used shall be fully described.
 Other auxiliary and filling materials, such as paper, cardboard, asbestos
materials, mineral wool, water glass, coke pitch, carbon mass, special sands,
crumbs, powders, admixtures and plasticizers required to be incorporated
 All refractory work measured in cubic metres. The measurement shall
be inclusive of mortar joints, expansion joints and sliding joints.
 Deductions for voids, openings, etc, shall be made only when the area of
each such opening and voids exceeds 0.1 square metre.

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ITEM OF WORK UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Where the brick/blocks lining is separated from the shell or
wall surface by the use of asbestos, cardboard, etc.
Square metres
Insulation plaster is applied over the refractory surface Square metres
Refractory grout work (Theoretical Volume) Cubic metres
Filling of expansion joints, sliding joints with paper,
cardboard, etc.
Running square metres

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 IS 1200 presents the following main information for each item of work:
1. General Scope
2. Description of Item
3. Method of Measurement
 Measurement done in terms of Area, Length, Volume, Weight & Piece
 In stone masonry, No deductions for openings up to 0.1 m2
 In formwork, No deductions to be made for openings up to 0.4m2
 For Refractory work, Deductions for voids, openings, etc, shall be made
only when the area exceeds 0.1m2

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 CALCULATE QUANTITY OF
FORMWORK REQUIRED?
FORMWORK required only on Vertical Surface.
Total Area:
= Perimeter of footing x Ht.
= [2 x (3 + 2)]x 0.6
= 6 m2

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 The Constructor, http://theconstructor.org/construction/measurement-of-
masonry-works-in-construction
 BIS, IS 1200 Part 4 , 5 , 6
 M. Chakraborti, Estimating, Costing, Specification & Valuation in Civil
Engineering

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