Earth is a complex system composed of various interacting spheres, including the geosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere. Each sphere plays a critical role, with the geosphere comprising rocks and landforms, the biosphere encompassing all living organisms, the atmosphere providing essential gases for life, and the hydrosphere covering most of the planet's surface with water. The cryosphere represents the frozen water on Earth, contributing to the planet's overall climate and temperature regulation.

1. Earth Systems
Chapter 3 lesson 1

2. Earth as a system
• Earth is a system.
• A system is a group of
parts that work together
as a whole.
• This system is made of
many parts called spheres.
• All these spheres interact
because parts of them
move into each other.

3. Earth Spheres
Air
Water
Land
Living
things

5. • Watch this video:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMxjzW
HbyFM
• Now answer this question:
• What are the spheres of
Earth?

7. Geosphere
• Most of Earth’s mass in
the form of rocks and
metals.
• It includes:
• Solid metal inner core.
• Liquid metal outer core.
• Rocky mantle and crust.

8. Geosphere
• It includes continents, islands, ocean
floors.
• Its surface varies from flat plains to
hills and mountain tops.

9. Biosphere
• Biosphere: is the part of the Earth
that contain all living organisms.

10. Biosphere
What spheres of Earth allow organisms to
live?
Water in the hydrosphere, air in the
atmosphere, soil and shelter in the
geosphere.

11. • Watch this video:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXh_7w
bnS3A

12. Atmosphere
• Mixture of water vapor and other gases as
nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas.
• Also contains particles of matter as dust.
• It surrounds the Earth’s surface.

13. Atmosphere
• It is essential for life on Earth.
• No other planet has this mixture of
gases essential for life.
• It also holds heat from the sun keeping
the Earth warm and protecting living
things from being damaged by too much
sunlight.

14. Hydrosphere
• It makes all the water of the Earth.
• It covers a little less than ¾ of the
Earth’s surface.
• Most of the hydrosphere is ocean water
(salty water).

15. Cryosphere
• The frozen component of
the hydrosphere.
• It is made up of all the
ice and snow on land plus
sea and lake ice.

16. P. 181

17. It also holds heat from the sun, keeping the Earth warm.