The document discusses the four main subsystems that make up the Earth system: the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. The atmosphere provides heat and energy to the geosphere. The biosphere receives gases, heat, and sunlight from the atmosphere, and receives water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from the geosphere. Energy and matter flow continuously across the boundaries of Earth's four subsystems.

1. Lesson 1 Origin and Structure of the
Earth – The Subsystem

2.  System is a set of interconnected components that are
interacting to form a unified whole.
 Ex: Solar System, all the body system, ecosystem and the earth
system

3. Subsystems of the Earth

4. Earth is sometimes
called the “water
planet” or the “blue
planet” because
seas cover more than
two-thirds of its
surface.
Earth is the only
planet or moon in the
solar
system with rain that
falls from clouds, runs
over the land, and
collects in extensive
oceans.
It is also the only body
we know that
supports life.
Earth is a complex
system of interrelating
physical, chemical
and biological
processes
Spheres of the Earth

5. ATMOSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE

6. Atmosphere
 It serves as the earth’s blanket
 Greek word “atmos” means gas and “spyra” means globe or ball.
 it is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface, primarily composed of
78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
 Other gases like argon 0.9%, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone,
and other inert gases made the remaining 1%.
 The atmosphere supports life because animals and oxygen, and plants
need both carbon dioxide and oxygen.
 the atmosphere supports life indirectly by regulating climate.

7. Geosphere
 the solid part of the Earth that consists
the entire planet from the center of the
core to the outer crust.
 It includes the core, mantle, and crust
of the Earth.
 The geosphere includes the rocks and
minerals on Earth – from the molten
rock and heavy metals in the deep
interior of the planet to the sand on
beaches and peaks of mountains. The
geosphere also includes the abiotic
(non-living) parts of soils and the
skeletons of animals that may become
fossilized over geologic time.

8. Hydrosphere
 The water part of the Earth which circulates
among oceans, continents, glaciers, and
atmosphere. A planet's hydrosphere can
be liquid, vapor, or ice.
 Oceans cover 71% of the Earth and contain
97.5% of its water.
 The frozen part of Earth's hydrosphere is
made of ice: glaciers, ice caps and icebergs.
The frozen part of the hydrosphere has its own
name, the cryosphere.
 Water moves through the hydrosphere in a
cycle. Water collects in clouds, then falls
to Earth in the form of rain or snow. This water
collects in rivers, lakes and oceans. Then
it evaporates into the atmosphere to start the
cycle all over again. This is called the water
cycle.

9. Biosphere
 The biosphere is made up of
the parts of Earth where life
exists. The biosphere extends
from the deepest root systems
of trees, to the dark
environment of ocean
trenches, to lush rainforests
and high mountaintops.
Scientists describe Earth in
terms of spheres. The solid
surface layer of Earth is the
lithosphere

10. The atmosphere provides
the geosphere with heat and
energy needed for rock
breakdown and erosion. The
biosphere receives gases,
heat, and sunlight (energy)
from the atmosphere. It
receives water from the
hydrosphere and a living
medium from the geosphere.

11. Earth is a complex system made up of many smaller
systems through which matter and energy are continuously
cycled. Energy and matter flow through Earth’s spheres:
geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Energy
flows through the atmosphere mostly by convection.
How does matter and energy flow across the four subsystems of
the Earth?
The Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose
boundaries matter and energy flows, the atmosphere (air),
biosphere (living things), hydrosphere (water), and geosphere
(land). The atmosphere provides the geosphere with heat and
energy needed for rock breakdown and erosion. The biosphere
receives gases, heat, and sunlight (energy) from the atmosphere.
It receives water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from
the geosphere.