Ear surgery can involve repairing or reconstructing parts of the middle ear like the tympanic membrane or ossicles, removing diseased tissue from the middle ear or mastoid, or addressing conditions of the inner ear like hearing loss or vertigo. Common types of ear surgery include tympanoplasty to reconstruct the tympanic membrane and middle ear structures, myringotomy to create an opening in the tympanic membrane, mastoidectomy to remove all or part of the mastoid bone, and stapedectomy to replace the stapes bone of the middle ear. The goal is to repair damage, drain infections, restore hearing, or relieve symptoms like dizziness.

1. Ear Surgery
Armie Jade S. Gante, RN

2. Ear surgery
• May involve the tympanic
membrane, the middle ear cavity, the
mastoid, or the inner ear
• It may be done for perforation of the
eardrum, to facilitate drainage and
remove diseased tissue in cases of
infection, to relieve vertigo, or to treat
hearing loss.

4. TYPES OF EAR SURGERY

5. Tympanoplasty
• Reconstruction of diseased or
deformed middle ear components

6. Myringotomy
• creating a surgical opening into
tympanic membrane (with knife or laser)
for possible drainage tube insertion

7. • Type I (myringoplasty)
• Purpose:
– To close perforation by placing a graft
over it to create a closed middle ear
to improve hearing and decrease risk
of infection and cholesteatoma

8. • Perforation is closed using one of the
following:
– Fascia from temporalis muscle
– Vein grafts from hand or forearm
– Epithelium from auditory canal (eustachian
tube)

9. • Type II to V
• Suitable replacement is used to
maintain continuity of conduction sound
pathway
– Polyethylene
– stainless steel wire
– Bone
– cartilage

10. • The necessity of a two-stage procedure
is determined
– First stage—eradication of all diseased
tissues; area is cleaned out to achieve a dry,
healed middle ear
– Second stage—performed 2 to 3 months
after first stage; reconstruction, using grafts.

11. Mastoidectomy
• Removal of mastoid process of
temporal bone
– Simple—performed through the ear
with a tympanoplasty (closed
approach)
– Modified or radical—wide excision of
the mastoid and diseased middle ear
contents through an occipital incision
(open)

12. Stapedectomy
• Removal of footplate of stapes and
insertion of a graft or prosthesis

13. Labyrinthectomy
• Destruction of the labyrinth (inner ear)
through the middle ear and aspiration of
the endolabyrinth

14. Endolymphatic
decompression and shunt
• Release of pressure on the
endolymphatic system in the labyrinth
and creation of a shunt for fluid to the
subarachnoid space or the mastoid

15. Cochlear implant
• Implantation of electronic device that
bypasses cochlea and stimulates
auditory nerve