This document provides an overview of the key elements found in different forms of literature, including short stories, drama, poetry, and their definitions. For short stories, the main elements discussed are setting, characters, plot, conflict, climax, resolution, and theme. For drama, the key elements covered are setting, characters, plot, theme, style, and different types of drama such as tragedy and comedy. Finally, the elements of poetry discussed include poetry, stanzas, tone, mood, imagery, diction, persona/voice, refrain, repetition, rhyme scheme, theme, and symbolism.
The document discusses metrical tales, a form of narrative poetry. It defines metrical tales as poems that relate real or imaginary events in simple language on various subjects and experiences. Key characteristics include using ordinary people and events, having a simple structure focusing on a single incident, and being written in verse. As an example, it summarizes Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, a famous frame story containing various tales told by pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral.
I. The document outlines the key elements of fiction including plot, setting, characters, point of view, and theme. It defines each element and provides details on types and techniques used. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid with exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Point of view can be first person or third person.
II. Characterization methods include physical description, names, what others say, and thoughts revealed. Characters can be major/minor, round/flat, dynamic/static, and protagonist/antagonist.
III. Theme conveys insights into human nature. Other techniques like irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing are used to develop the story.
Creative Writing - Conceptualizing Character, Setting, and Plot for One-Act PlayKenneth Cabañas
This document discusses conceptualizing the key elements of a one-act play: character, setting, and plot. It defines different types of characters according to their function in the play, such as protagonists and antagonists, and according to their complexity, such as round and flat characters. It also defines setting as the time, place, and conditions where the events occur. Finally, it explains that a plot consists of five parts - exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion - and describes what occurs in each part. The objectives are to categorize these elements, examine them in a one-act play, and understand the importance of reading plays.
Here is a 3 paragraph composition utilizing figurative languages, imagery and diction based on one of the suggested experiences:
Title: Memories of Childhood
Paragraph 1:
As I gazed out the window of our old family home, I saw the vast green fields stretching as far as the eye could see (imagery: visual). The tall grass swayed gently in the breeze like waves on the ocean (simile). I remembered spending countless afternoons exploring the countryside with my siblings, discovering hidden treasures among the tall blades of grass.
Paragraph 2:
The scent of my mother's homemade cooking wafted through the air, making my mouth water (imagery: olfactory). I could almost taste
This document outlines the curriculum for a Grade 11/12 Creative Writing course. The course aims to develop students' practical and creative writing skills through exploring different genres such as poetry, fiction, and drama. It will introduce students to techniques used by famous authors and have them analyze elements of each genre. Students will workshop their writing and produce final outputs such as a blog, completed short story, or one-act play by the end of the course. The curriculum is divided into quarters that cover topics like imagery, characters, and scriptwriting while assessing students' understanding and ability to apply genre techniques and elements.
This document introduces various literary genres including fiction, non-fiction, drama, folktale, and poetry. It defines each genre and discusses their key elements and conventions. Fiction is defined as an imagined story told through prose or poetry. Elements of fiction include characters, conflict, setting, point of view, and plot. Drama is a story enacted through performance with elements like plot, setting, characters, dialogue, theme, and scenery. Folktale characters are often flat and the plot and setting are simple. Poetry relies on imagery, rhythm, sound, and density of language over traditional rules. Non-fiction deals with real people and facts through narrative. The document also lists various subgenres and provides evaluation questions.
This document discusses different approaches to analyzing literary works, including biographical criticism and historical criticism. Biographical criticism examines details about the author's life, such as their personal experiences, political and economic backgrounds, and significant life events, to understand how those influences are reflected in their works. Historical criticism analyzes the economic, political, social, and cultural contexts during the time a work was produced to explain its content. The document provides examples of how an author may incorporate facts about their own life or the time period into literary works through elements like characters and settings.
Pre-colonial Philippine literature can be classified as either oral/floating or written. Oral literature included songs, dances, dramas, and epics performed in places of worship. Various forms of drama addressed topics like love, war, legends, and heroes. Epics like the Hudhud and Biag ni Lam-Ang were very popular. Written works included riddles, poems, sayings, and different song genres among the Tagalog, Ilocano, and Maranaw peoples. Myths, folktales, and legends were also important oral genres that helped explain the natural world and origins of things.
The document discusses metrical tales, a form of narrative poetry. It defines metrical tales as poems that relate real or imaginary events in simple language on various subjects and experiences. Key characteristics include using ordinary people and events, having a simple structure focusing on a single incident, and being written in verse. As an example, it summarizes Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, a famous frame story containing various tales told by pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral.
I. The document outlines the key elements of fiction including plot, setting, characters, point of view, and theme. It defines each element and provides details on types and techniques used. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid with exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Point of view can be first person or third person.
II. Characterization methods include physical description, names, what others say, and thoughts revealed. Characters can be major/minor, round/flat, dynamic/static, and protagonist/antagonist.
III. Theme conveys insights into human nature. Other techniques like irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing are used to develop the story.
Creative Writing - Conceptualizing Character, Setting, and Plot for One-Act PlayKenneth Cabañas
This document discusses conceptualizing the key elements of a one-act play: character, setting, and plot. It defines different types of characters according to their function in the play, such as protagonists and antagonists, and according to their complexity, such as round and flat characters. It also defines setting as the time, place, and conditions where the events occur. Finally, it explains that a plot consists of five parts - exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and conclusion - and describes what occurs in each part. The objectives are to categorize these elements, examine them in a one-act play, and understand the importance of reading plays.
Here is a 3 paragraph composition utilizing figurative languages, imagery and diction based on one of the suggested experiences:
Title: Memories of Childhood
Paragraph 1:
As I gazed out the window of our old family home, I saw the vast green fields stretching as far as the eye could see (imagery: visual). The tall grass swayed gently in the breeze like waves on the ocean (simile). I remembered spending countless afternoons exploring the countryside with my siblings, discovering hidden treasures among the tall blades of grass.
Paragraph 2:
The scent of my mother's homemade cooking wafted through the air, making my mouth water (imagery: olfactory). I could almost taste
This document outlines the curriculum for a Grade 11/12 Creative Writing course. The course aims to develop students' practical and creative writing skills through exploring different genres such as poetry, fiction, and drama. It will introduce students to techniques used by famous authors and have them analyze elements of each genre. Students will workshop their writing and produce final outputs such as a blog, completed short story, or one-act play by the end of the course. The curriculum is divided into quarters that cover topics like imagery, characters, and scriptwriting while assessing students' understanding and ability to apply genre techniques and elements.
This document introduces various literary genres including fiction, non-fiction, drama, folktale, and poetry. It defines each genre and discusses their key elements and conventions. Fiction is defined as an imagined story told through prose or poetry. Elements of fiction include characters, conflict, setting, point of view, and plot. Drama is a story enacted through performance with elements like plot, setting, characters, dialogue, theme, and scenery. Folktale characters are often flat and the plot and setting are simple. Poetry relies on imagery, rhythm, sound, and density of language over traditional rules. Non-fiction deals with real people and facts through narrative. The document also lists various subgenres and provides evaluation questions.
This document discusses different approaches to analyzing literary works, including biographical criticism and historical criticism. Biographical criticism examines details about the author's life, such as their personal experiences, political and economic backgrounds, and significant life events, to understand how those influences are reflected in their works. Historical criticism analyzes the economic, political, social, and cultural contexts during the time a work was produced to explain its content. The document provides examples of how an author may incorporate facts about their own life or the time period into literary works through elements like characters and settings.
Pre-colonial Philippine literature can be classified as either oral/floating or written. Oral literature included songs, dances, dramas, and epics performed in places of worship. Various forms of drama addressed topics like love, war, legends, and heroes. Epics like the Hudhud and Biag ni Lam-Ang were very popular. Written works included riddles, poems, sayings, and different song genres among the Tagalog, Ilocano, and Maranaw peoples. Myths, folktales, and legends were also important oral genres that helped explain the natural world and origins of things.
The six basic elements of literature are character, conflict, setting, point of view, theme, and plot. Character refers to the people in the story. Conflict is the central problem that causes tension. Setting is the environment where the story takes place. Point of view describes who is telling the story. Theme is what the story is really about. Plot is how the story unfolds through the rising action, climax, and resolution of the conflict. These six elements work together to create successful short stories and novels.
This document categorizes and defines different genres of literature including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Fiction genres include fantasy, historical fiction, mystery, realistic fiction, science fiction, adventure, and folktales. Non-fiction genres include biography, autobiography, essays, encyclopedias, textbooks, how-to guides, magazines, research reports, almanacs, newspapers, atlases, memoirs, brochures, editorials, and advertisements. Poetry genres include free verse, structured poems like couplets, haiku, cinquain, diamante, acrostic, and biopoem.
This document provides an overview of the elements and genres of nonfiction. It explains that nonfiction includes true stories about real people, places, and experiences, as well as practical and persuasive writing. The selections in the unit reflect real life. It lists 10 nonfiction selections that will be analyzed according to 10 discussion questions. The document also outlines different genres of nonfiction, such as excerpts, articles, speeches, memoirs, and biographies. It provides guidance on reading nonfiction critically and considering the author's purpose.
Definition, elements, genres, and types of fictionRabiatul Hamidah
The document discusses various elements and genres of fiction. It begins by defining fiction as stories created from the imagination rather than presented as facts. It then covers specific elements such as characters, setting, point of view, plot, theme, symbols, and tone. Several genres of fiction are also outlined, including novels, short stories, fables, folk tales, myths, legends, fairy tales, and genres like mystery, science fiction, fantasy, historical fiction, and realistic fiction. Key examples are provided to illustrate different elements and genres.
This document provides a semi-detailed lesson plan on teaching the elements of fiction to children. It begins with the objectives and materials. The main body defines key elements of fiction like characters, point of view, plot, and their various types and functions in a story. It includes examples from classic works. The lesson concludes with two activities - creating a fictional avatar and mapping out the elements of fiction and plot in a short story.
Unity of plot, setting and characterizationSheena Serrano
This document discusses various elements of stories such as plot, setting, characters, conflict, and theme. It provides definitions and explanations of each element. For example, it states that the plot is the sequence of events that make up the story, the setting describes when and where the story takes place, and characters are people who play roles in the story. It also describes several group activities for analyzing elements in a story, such as singing a song, writing a poem, sharing ideas in paragraphs, or acting out a scene.
Lesson elements of story with motivation Shiela Capili
The document provides information about key elements of stories and movies, including setting, characters, plot, conflict, point of view, theme, and other techniques. It defines these elements and gives examples. Setting is described as the time and place of the story. Character types include protagonists, antagonists, flat/round, and static/dynamic characters. Plot elements include exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Conflict can be external/internal. Point of view can be first or third person. Theme conveys the overall message or lesson of the story.
This document outlines the key elements of a short story: setting, characters, plot, and theme. It defines each element and provides examples. Setting establishes where and when the story takes place. Characters include the protagonist and antagonist, and are developed through direct and indirect characterization methods. Plot is the sequence of related events, built around a conflict between opposing forces. It includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Theme is the main idea or underlying message of the story. Analyzing stories using these elements can help understand short fiction.
This document discusses formal and informal definitions. A formal definition consists of three parts: the term being defined, the class or category it belongs to, and distinguishing characteristics. An informal definition explains an unknown term using known words, examples, synonyms, or analogies. The document provides examples of formal and informal definitions and discusses when each type is appropriate. It concludes by having the reader practice forming formal and informal definitions from a passage.
This document defines and discusses the key elements of a short story, including plot, character, symbol, and point of view. It explains that a short story has a single plotline with one dominant character that goes through exposition, conflict, climax, and conclusion. A short story also has a central theme and may use symbols. It aims to concisely teach about the basic components and structure of short fiction.
This document provides an introduction to literature. It defines literature as a body of work containing imaginative language that portrays human experiences, emotions, and thoughts. Literature is considered a product of culture that reflects a society's values. Studying literature allows one to learn about people and cultures across time and space. The document also discusses various literary standards such as universality, artistry, and permanence. It outlines different approaches to analyzing literature, including formalistic, moral, historical, sociological, cultural, and psychological approaches. Finally, it distinguishes between two general types of literature - poetry and prose - and some common genres including short stories, novels, drama, and essays.
The document provides background information on Geoffrey Chaucer and his famous work The Canterbury Tales. It discusses the different types of medieval poems that influenced Chaucer, including metrical tales and metrical romances. It also provides biographical details about Chaucer's life and family. Furthermore, the document outlines some of the key pilgrim characters from The Canterbury Tales like the Wife of Bath, and describes elements of Chaucer's style and the historic context of 14th century English society and the Catholic Church.
This document defines and describes the key elements of drama, including setting, characters, plot, theme, style, and types of drama. Setting identifies the time and place events occur. Characters are described through their physical, social, psychological, and moral aspects. Plot lays out the series of events and can be natural or episodic. Theme is the unifying idea of the play. Style refers to the mode of expression. Types of drama discussed include tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, and melodrama.
The document provides an overview of popular literature and some of its key genres. It discusses the nature of literature and how it differs from ordinary language. Popular genres like romance, science fiction, detective stories, comic books, and comic strips are then examined in detail. The document notes the appeal and social functions of popular literature. It also discusses some current issues and challenges facing popular literature.
This document provides an overview of prose as a literary form. It defines prose as ordinary written or spoken language without a metrical structure. The document then discusses the main types of prose, including fiction and non-fiction. It also examines key elements of prose like narrative, plot, character, setting, point of view, and theme. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like characterization, setting, and how point of view is employed in literary works.
Prose is written language without a formal rhyme or verse structure, while poetry uses formal patterns of verse. Prose uses sentences as its basic unit rather than lines. It does not use line breaks in writing. Some key elements of stories are characters, the setting which is when and where the story takes place, the plot which is the sequence of events, the point of view of the narrator, the theme or message of the story, and the mood or feeling created by the author.
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: The Parable of Benjamin Franklin named The Whistle. It also includes follow-up questions and about the topic of Intonation.
Outline of literary forms based on philippine historicalJesullyna Manuel
The document outlines various forms of Philippine literature categorized by historical period. It discusses ancient/folk literature including myths, epics, legends and folk tales. It also examines poetry forms such as narrative, lyric and dramatic poetry, providing examples like awit, sonnets, elegies and odes. Finally, it discusses corridos, which were octosyllabic narratives recited to a martial beat during the Spanish period. The document comprehensively surveys the major genres and styles of Philippine literature through history.
Literature is the expression of life through words that convey truth, beauty, and the human experience. It is a record of human emotions, thoughts, and aspirations. Great literature has qualities like artistry, intellectual value, suggestiveness, spiritual value, permanence, and universality. It can be expressed through prose, poetry, plays, and other forms and aims to educate, convince, stir imagination, or reflect life.
This document provides information about prose, poetry, and drama. It defines drama as a composition in prose form that presents a story entirely told in dialogue and action, written with the intention of performance before an audience. It discusses the key elements of drama, including setting, characters, plot, theme, style, and different forms such as tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, and melodrama. The document is intended to teach readers about the distinguishing features of prose, poetry, and drama.
This document provides an overview of the different elements of fiction as a literary genre. It defines fiction as an imaginative recreation of life that includes short stories and novels. It then describes 10 key elements of fiction - characters, setting, conflict, plot, point of view, mood, tone, symbolism, images, and theme. For each element, the document provides details on their definition and purpose within a work of fiction. It also includes examples and exercises for students to practice analyzing works of fiction using these elements.
The six basic elements of literature are character, conflict, setting, point of view, theme, and plot. Character refers to the people in the story. Conflict is the central problem that causes tension. Setting is the environment where the story takes place. Point of view describes who is telling the story. Theme is what the story is really about. Plot is how the story unfolds through the rising action, climax, and resolution of the conflict. These six elements work together to create successful short stories and novels.
This document categorizes and defines different genres of literature including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Fiction genres include fantasy, historical fiction, mystery, realistic fiction, science fiction, adventure, and folktales. Non-fiction genres include biography, autobiography, essays, encyclopedias, textbooks, how-to guides, magazines, research reports, almanacs, newspapers, atlases, memoirs, brochures, editorials, and advertisements. Poetry genres include free verse, structured poems like couplets, haiku, cinquain, diamante, acrostic, and biopoem.
This document provides an overview of the elements and genres of nonfiction. It explains that nonfiction includes true stories about real people, places, and experiences, as well as practical and persuasive writing. The selections in the unit reflect real life. It lists 10 nonfiction selections that will be analyzed according to 10 discussion questions. The document also outlines different genres of nonfiction, such as excerpts, articles, speeches, memoirs, and biographies. It provides guidance on reading nonfiction critically and considering the author's purpose.
Definition, elements, genres, and types of fictionRabiatul Hamidah
The document discusses various elements and genres of fiction. It begins by defining fiction as stories created from the imagination rather than presented as facts. It then covers specific elements such as characters, setting, point of view, plot, theme, symbols, and tone. Several genres of fiction are also outlined, including novels, short stories, fables, folk tales, myths, legends, fairy tales, and genres like mystery, science fiction, fantasy, historical fiction, and realistic fiction. Key examples are provided to illustrate different elements and genres.
This document provides a semi-detailed lesson plan on teaching the elements of fiction to children. It begins with the objectives and materials. The main body defines key elements of fiction like characters, point of view, plot, and their various types and functions in a story. It includes examples from classic works. The lesson concludes with two activities - creating a fictional avatar and mapping out the elements of fiction and plot in a short story.
Unity of plot, setting and characterizationSheena Serrano
This document discusses various elements of stories such as plot, setting, characters, conflict, and theme. It provides definitions and explanations of each element. For example, it states that the plot is the sequence of events that make up the story, the setting describes when and where the story takes place, and characters are people who play roles in the story. It also describes several group activities for analyzing elements in a story, such as singing a song, writing a poem, sharing ideas in paragraphs, or acting out a scene.
Lesson elements of story with motivation Shiela Capili
The document provides information about key elements of stories and movies, including setting, characters, plot, conflict, point of view, theme, and other techniques. It defines these elements and gives examples. Setting is described as the time and place of the story. Character types include protagonists, antagonists, flat/round, and static/dynamic characters. Plot elements include exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Conflict can be external/internal. Point of view can be first or third person. Theme conveys the overall message or lesson of the story.
This document outlines the key elements of a short story: setting, characters, plot, and theme. It defines each element and provides examples. Setting establishes where and when the story takes place. Characters include the protagonist and antagonist, and are developed through direct and indirect characterization methods. Plot is the sequence of related events, built around a conflict between opposing forces. It includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Theme is the main idea or underlying message of the story. Analyzing stories using these elements can help understand short fiction.
This document discusses formal and informal definitions. A formal definition consists of three parts: the term being defined, the class or category it belongs to, and distinguishing characteristics. An informal definition explains an unknown term using known words, examples, synonyms, or analogies. The document provides examples of formal and informal definitions and discusses when each type is appropriate. It concludes by having the reader practice forming formal and informal definitions from a passage.
This document defines and discusses the key elements of a short story, including plot, character, symbol, and point of view. It explains that a short story has a single plotline with one dominant character that goes through exposition, conflict, climax, and conclusion. A short story also has a central theme and may use symbols. It aims to concisely teach about the basic components and structure of short fiction.
This document provides an introduction to literature. It defines literature as a body of work containing imaginative language that portrays human experiences, emotions, and thoughts. Literature is considered a product of culture that reflects a society's values. Studying literature allows one to learn about people and cultures across time and space. The document also discusses various literary standards such as universality, artistry, and permanence. It outlines different approaches to analyzing literature, including formalistic, moral, historical, sociological, cultural, and psychological approaches. Finally, it distinguishes between two general types of literature - poetry and prose - and some common genres including short stories, novels, drama, and essays.
The document provides background information on Geoffrey Chaucer and his famous work The Canterbury Tales. It discusses the different types of medieval poems that influenced Chaucer, including metrical tales and metrical romances. It also provides biographical details about Chaucer's life and family. Furthermore, the document outlines some of the key pilgrim characters from The Canterbury Tales like the Wife of Bath, and describes elements of Chaucer's style and the historic context of 14th century English society and the Catholic Church.
This document defines and describes the key elements of drama, including setting, characters, plot, theme, style, and types of drama. Setting identifies the time and place events occur. Characters are described through their physical, social, psychological, and moral aspects. Plot lays out the series of events and can be natural or episodic. Theme is the unifying idea of the play. Style refers to the mode of expression. Types of drama discussed include tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, and melodrama.
The document provides an overview of popular literature and some of its key genres. It discusses the nature of literature and how it differs from ordinary language. Popular genres like romance, science fiction, detective stories, comic books, and comic strips are then examined in detail. The document notes the appeal and social functions of popular literature. It also discusses some current issues and challenges facing popular literature.
This document provides an overview of prose as a literary form. It defines prose as ordinary written or spoken language without a metrical structure. The document then discusses the main types of prose, including fiction and non-fiction. It also examines key elements of prose like narrative, plot, character, setting, point of view, and theme. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like characterization, setting, and how point of view is employed in literary works.
Prose is written language without a formal rhyme or verse structure, while poetry uses formal patterns of verse. Prose uses sentences as its basic unit rather than lines. It does not use line breaks in writing. Some key elements of stories are characters, the setting which is when and where the story takes place, the plot which is the sequence of events, the point of view of the narrator, the theme or message of the story, and the mood or feeling created by the author.
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: The Parable of Benjamin Franklin named The Whistle. It also includes follow-up questions and about the topic of Intonation.
Outline of literary forms based on philippine historicalJesullyna Manuel
The document outlines various forms of Philippine literature categorized by historical period. It discusses ancient/folk literature including myths, epics, legends and folk tales. It also examines poetry forms such as narrative, lyric and dramatic poetry, providing examples like awit, sonnets, elegies and odes. Finally, it discusses corridos, which were octosyllabic narratives recited to a martial beat during the Spanish period. The document comprehensively surveys the major genres and styles of Philippine literature through history.
Literature is the expression of life through words that convey truth, beauty, and the human experience. It is a record of human emotions, thoughts, and aspirations. Great literature has qualities like artistry, intellectual value, suggestiveness, spiritual value, permanence, and universality. It can be expressed through prose, poetry, plays, and other forms and aims to educate, convince, stir imagination, or reflect life.
This document provides information about prose, poetry, and drama. It defines drama as a composition in prose form that presents a story entirely told in dialogue and action, written with the intention of performance before an audience. It discusses the key elements of drama, including setting, characters, plot, theme, style, and different forms such as tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, and melodrama. The document is intended to teach readers about the distinguishing features of prose, poetry, and drama.
This document provides an overview of the different elements of fiction as a literary genre. It defines fiction as an imaginative recreation of life that includes short stories and novels. It then describes 10 key elements of fiction - characters, setting, conflict, plot, point of view, mood, tone, symbolism, images, and theme. For each element, the document provides details on their definition and purpose within a work of fiction. It also includes examples and exercises for students to practice analyzing works of fiction using these elements.
Literature is any form of writing that deals with significant human experiences and is artistically conceived to have an effect. It uses language and imagination to create a fictional world that reflects reality. There are two main types of literature - oral and written. Literature can be classified into genres such as prose, poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. Prose can be further divided into fiction and non-fiction. Fiction uses imagination to describe nonexistent people and situations to produce real emotions. Elements of fiction include plot, setting, theme, characters, point of view, and conflict. Poetry relies more on figures of speech, symbolism, imagery, rhythm, and sound patterns. Major forms of drama include tragedy, comedy, melodrama
This document provides an overview of key elements of fiction, including classification of commercial and literary fiction, plot structure, characterization, point of view, theme, and conflict. It discusses commercial fiction as intended for entertainment, while literary fiction aims to broaden awareness of life. Plot is described as the order of events, including components like exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. Conflict can be between characters, character vs nature/society/self. Protagonists are the main characters, while antagonists oppose them.
This document provides definitions and explanations of common literary devices including irony, symbolism, flashback, and foreshadowing. It discusses three main types of irony - verbal, dramatic, and situational. Symbolism is defined as objects, characters, or actions that represent something else. Flashback interrupts the plot to recreate an earlier incident, while foreshadowing provides clues about future events.
Literary devices are structures used by writers to convey messages and themes in their works. There are two main types: literary elements which are inherent parts of stories like characters and plot, and literary techniques like metaphor and simile which writers employ purposefully. Common literary elements include plot, which is the sequence of events; point of view, which is the perspective; setting, which is the time and place; characters; and theme, which is the central idea. Common literary techniques include imagery, simile, metaphor, personification, irony, and symbolism. These devices help readers to better understand, analyze, and appreciate literary works.
This document provides an overview of key elements and terms related to short stories, including plot, setting, characters, point of view, theme, and types of characterization. It defines these elements and discusses their functions. For example, it notes that plot involves what happens and how, including typical stages like exposition, rising action, climax, and resolution. It also explains that characterization can be direct, through author statements, or indirect, through a character's actions and how others view them.
The document discusses the key elements of short stories, including characterization, conflict, setting, point of view, theme, and structure. It notes that short stories are shorter fictional works that typically focus on one important event involving a small number of central characters. The structure usually includes exposition, complication, climax, and resolution, with the climax being the dramatic moment when the main conflict comes to a head. Characterization, conflict, setting, point of view, and theme are some of the most important elements to consider.
This document defines and provides examples of common literary elements, techniques, and terms used in analyzing literature. It discusses the two main categories of literary devices - literary elements and literary techniques. Literary elements, such as point of view, setting, character, theme, plot, and conflict are common to all literature. Literary techniques, such as foreshadowing, irony, tone, and figurative language are specific choices made by individual authors. It also defines important literary terms used to discuss literature.
This document provides an overview of literature and various genres of literature such as poetry, drama, and short stories. It defines literature and discusses why it is studied. It describes the key elements and structures of different genres, including characters, plot, conflict, theme, and more. It also discusses analyzing and understanding literature at a deeper level through examining elements like imagery, symbolism, and tone.
This document provides an overview of literature and its key elements. It defines literature as a recreation of human experiences through language that expresses feelings and ideas. The main elements discussed include characters, setting, plot, conflict, mood, theme, and tone. It also outlines different genres like fiction, non-fiction, prose, poetry, essays and drama. Literary standards like universality, artistry and intellectual value are presented. Various approaches to analyzing literature such as formalistic, historical and psychological are also summarized.
This document defines and describes various elements and genres of fiction. It discusses that fiction is created from the imagination and may be based on lived experience. It then defines several genres of fiction like novels, short stories, myths, fairy tales, and legends. Several elements of fiction are also outlined like characters, plot, point of view, setting, and conflict. Character types include protagonists, antagonists, static/flat versus dynamic characters. The elements of plot and types of conflict internal, interpersonal, and external are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of literary genres, elements of fiction, and literary terms. It defines prose and poetry, and discusses the importance of literature. The key elements of fiction covered are plot, character, point of view, setting, theme, imagery/symbolism, tone, and language. Character types include dynamic, static, round, flat, stock, protagonist, antagonist, foil and symbolic. Point of view can be first, second, or third person.
21st Century Literature-Inferring Literary Meaning based on Usage .pptxVANESSADELACRUZ64
This document provides an overview of elements of fiction and creative nonfiction. It defines key fiction elements like characters, setting, plot, conflict, point of view, and theme. It also defines essay and creative nonfiction, noting that both present factual stories using literary techniques. The document outlines different types of creative nonfiction like personal essays, memoirs, autobiographies, and literary journalistic essays.
Reaction Paper # 2—After reading this week’s notes Reading Fi.docxaudeleypearl
Reaction Paper # 2—After reading this week’s notes “Reading Fiction” and “Graduation” by Maya
Angelou, complete reaction paper 2 as described below.
Discussed in the notes this week are 6 elements of fiction: Tone, Plot, Characterization, Setting, Theme
and Point of View. Choose one element (other than POV) and reflect on how Angelou uses it in her
writing. Give specific examples and quotes from the text to show how she uses the element and its
effect on the story. Be sure to quote correctly (using quotation marks and providing paragraph #s).
Remember that reaction papers should be 1-2 pages, double-spaced.
Below is a brief sample of how to discuss one of the elements with examples from the text. The example
discusses the use of point of view in the story:
Maya Angelou’s story “Graduation,” is told from first-person point of view, told through the
main character, Marguerite Johnson. Although it is not yet clear who the narrator is within the first 5
paragraphs, in paragraph 6 Angelou writes, “In the Store I was the person of the moment.” Thus, we are
introduced to the narrator of the story. The rest of the story uses pronouns such as we, me, my which
solidifies the narrator’s point of view.
Hearing the story unfold from first-person POV gives credibility to the theme of the story.
Maguerite Johnson is one of the graduates excited to be graduating, and is present at every point of the
story—from the events leading up to the day, the events during the ceremony, and her feelings about
what has occurred.
In paragraph 7, she tells us, “My class was wearing buttery-yellow piqué dresses, and Momma
launched out mine.” She goes on to describe the expert way her mother crafted her dress. It is clear
from all of her descriptions that she, her family and the community looked toward the day with great
anticipation, even though as the narrator states, “I was only twelve years old and merely graduating
from the eighth grade” (paragraph 8). She goes on to explain that many teachers in the Arkansas Negro
schools had the same diploma but were able to teach. This shows that at the time, an eighth-grade
graduation was quite an achievement which could lead to possible (anticipated) professions…
(continued)
Reading Fiction
Fiction creates imaginary worlds by telling stories written in prose (ordinary, unrhymed
language) about realistic characters, set in physical environments, and with attention to
descriptive detail.
Works of fiction narrate, or tell stories. Narrative is not specific to fiction or to any other
literary genre. Telling stories pervades almost every aspect of our daily lives. We learn
very early on how to recognize and tell stories, and we rely heavily on narrative to
organize and make sense of our experience. Even in our sleep, we tell stories in the
form of dreams. It is impossible to imagine our lives without these narratives; in fact,
every culture uses them to order a ...
Drama has two aspects - as a literary composition and as a performance on stage. It presents a story entirely through dialogue and action. The key elements of drama include setting, characters, plot, theme and style. Settings identify the time and place of events. Characters have physical, social, psychological and moral aspects. Plots involve a beginning, middle and ending, with events structured as either natural or episodic sequences. Themes convey the central idea, while style refers to the mode of presentation. Common genres include tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce and melodrama.
This document contains information about Module 4 Quarter 3 of a language and literature course. It includes definitions of different literary elements and genres. It then provides a sample reading passage and questions to analyze characters, plot elements, and themes in the story. It also lists information about works from Afro-Asian Literature and has students reflect on human values found in stories.
This document provides an overview of fiction as a genre of literature. It defines fiction and notes that while fiction uses imagined characters and events, it can illustrate truths about human life. The principal types of fiction are defined as the short story and novel. Various genres of fiction are then outlined such as fables, parables, tales, romantic fiction, realistic fiction, and more. For each genre, an example is typically provided. The document concludes by discussing various elements of fiction including characters, point of view, plot, setting, conflict, irony, and theme.
reading and writing fiction module 3 [Autosaved] (1) - Copy.pdfJOANESIERAS1
This document defines and describes various types of fiction and their key elements. It discusses short stories, novels, myths, and folktales as principal fiction types. It also outlines different fiction genres like fables, parables, tales, romantic fiction, and their defining characteristics. Additionally, the document covers important fiction elements such as character, point of view, plot, setting, and their various components that authors use to craft fictional works.
This document defines and describes various types of literature including fiction, nonfiction, poetry, novels, drama, epics, memoirs, essays, short stories, and their key elements. It discusses genres, forms of prose and poetry, and characteristics of each such as themes, plots, characters, settings, points of view, dialogue, and more. It also defines literary techniques used across various types of literature like symbolism, imagery, irony, foreshadowing, and characterization.
Similar to E lements of short story, drama and poetry (20)
Official results of entrance exam 2019 2020-officialreleaseAngelito Pera
1. This document lists the top performing examinees from the entrance examination for incoming 7th grade students from elementary schools in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur.
2. Jean Felicity Q. Mondalo and Brent Arthur C. Plaza from Cagwait Central Elementary School ranked 1st with a score of 91.7.
3. A total of 160 students passed the entrance examination and were approved for enrollment to San Antonio School for the upcoming school year 2020-2021.
The document outlines an in-service training for teachers on understanding culture, politics, and society. It discusses setting up a new classroom focusing on why teach, how to assess, how to teach, and what to teach. It also covers 21st century skills and the four exits of the KTO12 curriculum that learners should achieve. The training aims to help teachers design lesson plans aligned with curriculum guides using various acronyms. It provides an example of a sample teaching guide covering political and leadership structures with learning tasks and procedures.
Charlayne Veatrich Angel R. Rosales scored the highest on the entrance examination for incoming 7th grade students in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Liza Mae C. Tatag and Rogelyn J. Español tied for second highest scores of 83.33. The document then provides a list of 128 students who passed the entrance exam, along with their names, scores, and recommendations for enrollment in grade 7.
Charlayne Veatrich Angel Rosales from Angel Aras-Asan Elementary School ranked first with a rating of 83.33 in the entrance examination for incoming grade 7 students in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur. Liza Mae C. Tatag from Unidad Elementary School ranked second with a rating of 86.66, and Rogelyn J. Espanol ranked third with a rating of 83.33. The document then provides a list of 128 students who passed the entrance examination along with their names, schools, and a recommendation for enrollment in grade 7.
FINAL REQUIREMENTS OF EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICAL RES. 1Angelito Pera
This document from San Antonio School outlines requirements and deadlines for students in various grades and strands regarding their online classes in Empowerment Technologies and Practical Research 1. Students must submit individual reflection papers, encoded quizzes, PowerPoint presentations, and signed test questionnaires. Top performing students must also photocopy lists of top performers. Video presentation requirements include individual advertisements, advocacy videos by September 20th and learning reflections by October 15th. Group presentation requirements include a school campaign video by October 20th and dance instructional videos by October 15th. All requirements must be submitted to the online class archive by assigned Consolidators or Commissioners by the given deadlines.
The document discusses the nature and characteristics of inquiry and research. It defines inquiry as seeking to discover meaningful things through investigation and higher-order thinking strategies. Research is defined as a combination of empirical observation and logic used to search for answers and settle doubts. Some key characteristics of research mentioned include being scientific, experimental, inductive, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, and methodical. The document also discusses different perspectives and fields that inquiry and research can be viewed from, such as processes, established bodies of knowledge, and sets of assumptions.
- The document presents the official results of practical research 1 and empowerment technologies first periodical examinations held on July 26-27, 2018 for students of San Antonio School in the Philippines.
- It lists the top performing students in each subject by rank, code, name, grade level, strand and ratings. For practical research 1, 85% of 40 examinees passed. For empowerment technologies, 80% of 70 examinees passed.
- A special periodical examination was also held on August 6-7, 2018 for 25 students, where 85% passed for both practical research 1 and empowerment technologies. Contact information is provided for inquiries about examination results.
- The document contains the official results of the first periodical examinations in English 7: Philippine Literature and Computer 7: Exploring ICT taken by 107 Grade 7 students from St. Anthony and St. John schools on July 26-27, 2018.
- It lists the top performing students in each subject, ranked by their scores. In English, 87% of students passed and in Computer, 85% passed based on the school's requirements.
- Contact information is provided for inquiries about successful examinees' results. The results are certified by the academic coordinator and are considered officially released on August 12, 2018.
This document provides an overview of various social media platforms, including:
1. Social networks like Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn that allow users to connect and share content.
2. Bookmarking services like Diigo, Pinterest, and Pinboard where users can save and organize web links and pages.
3. Social news sites such as Reddit, Digg, and Slashdot where users can submit and vote on news stories.
4. Media sharing platforms like YouTube that enable users to upload and share photos, videos, and audio.
5. Microblogging sites including Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram where users post short updates.
6. Blogs and forums for discussion through individual blogs
This document provides an introduction to a study on designing the Cabugo Profiling System for Barangay Cabugo in Bayabas, Surigao del Sur. It discusses how the current manual profiling system is time-consuming and inefficient. The objectives of the new computerized system are to address issues like reducing paperwork, easily accessing records, securely storing files, and updating resident information more easily. The scope of the system will be limited to Barangay Cabugo's records, while providing population statistics, household information, and other demographic details. The significance of the new system is that it will benefit students by providing hands-on experience with system design, faculty by demonstrating how to transition from manual to computerized systems
The documents contain lists of top performers in various subjects from the San Antonio School in the Philippines. Several lists recognize top scorers in Practical Research 2, Empowerment Technologies, Philippine Literature, and Exploring ICT. The top students are identified by name, sequence number, and score. The lists are certified by teachers Mr. Angelito T. Pera and cover examination periods from June to August 2017.
The document contains official grading sheets from San Antonio School for the first quarter of the 2017-2018 school year, listing the grades of students from Grade 7 - St. Anthony and Grade 7 - St. John in the subjects of English 7: Philippine Literature and Computer 7: Exploring ICT, certified by the ESL and ICT teacher Angelito T. Pera. Letters were also included forwarding the grading sheets to the class advisers of each section.
The document defines various computer and internet related terms including viruses, keyloggers, copyright, fair use, pharming, web 2.0, user participation, semantic web, bookmarking sites, news sites, media sharing sites, microblogging, blogs and forums, mobile technologies, operating systems, assistive media, spyware, incognito mode, adware, spam, trojans, mail merge features in Microsoft Word, and infographics. It also provides examples of media sharing sites, microblogging sites, blogs and forums, social networks, and defines folksonomy and features of the semantic web.
The Student Body Organization of San Antonio School is initiating an Intensive Reading Comprehension Program to promote literacy and reinforce students with low reading comprehension skills. They are requesting permission from the school principal to hold the program every Wednesday and Friday from 12-1pm in the school library, starting in August 2017. They are also asking the class advisers to identify students to participate and provide their names and details using an attached form. The program aims to help students appreciate reading comprehension through language and literature.
This report card summarizes a student's progress over the school year across academic subjects and core values. It shows the student's grades and remarks in learning areas like Filipino, English, Math, and Science. It also includes reports on attendance, observed core values like being God-loving, people-loving, nature-loving, and patriotic. The school welcomes parents to discuss the student's performance and progress further.
Rubric cle anest and most disciplined sasAngelito Pera
The rubric rates classrooms on cleanliness, organization, and discipline across 10 categories on a scale of 0-10 points. The categories include the floor, white/black boards, bulletin boards, windows, walls/corridors, disciplinary measures, cleaning implements, desks/chairs, the teacher's table, and an overall impression. For each category, descriptors define the highest level of cleanliness and organization that demonstrates class pride as well as levels that show signs of neglect. The rater is instructed to tour the classroom, evaluate it according to the rubric descriptors, and record their points for each category.
The Student Body Organization of San Antonio School is requesting permission to conduct an Intensive Reading Comprehension Program to promote literacy and reinforce students with low reading skills. The program will be held every Wednesday and Friday from 12-1pm in the school library, starting in August 2017. The SBO President and Adviser signed the letter requesting the Principal's approval to allow the program and notify class advisers. Attachments providing details of the program were included for review.
This report card summarizes a student's progress over the school year across academic subjects and core values. It shows the student's grades and remarks for each subject in the different quarters as well as their general average. It also includes details of attendance, observed core values based on behavior statements, and spaces for parent/guardian signatures acknowledging receipt of the report. The school administration welcomes parents to learn more about their child's performance and progress.
- Jose Garcia Villa was a renowned Filipino poet born in 1914 who introduced new techniques to poetry like reversed consonance rhyme and extensive use of punctuation. He was awarded the title of National Artist of the Philippines.
- The poem "Proem" discusses Villa's philosophy that the meaning of a poem is symbolic rather than based on the words, and that a poem's purpose is to caress rather than convey thoughts or have meaning.
- "Sonnet I" lists qualities a poem must have to be magical, musical, bright, slender, hold fire and wisdom, kneel like a rose, and allow God to hover over it with a smile.
This document discusses imagery in writing and provides many examples of imagery used in single sentences. It defines imagery as descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the five senses. Short passages from poems, songs, and other works are presented to illustrate vivid imagery. Examples show how imagery can efficiently paint a picture or scene in just one sentence through creative word choices and metaphors.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
E lements of short story, drama and poetry
1. Reporter: Gina C. Pecasales
Title: The Elements of Short Story
References:
Soriano-Baldonado, R. Readings from World Literatures: Understanding
People’s Cultures, Traditions and Beliefs ( A Task-based Approach).Quezon City:
Great Books Publishing. 2013
Dinneen, K. Elements of the Short Story. Retrieved Jun. 19, 2003, from
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/ curriculum/units/19
3/3/83.03.09.x.html.
Lesson Proper:
A Short Story is similar to your dish. It needs the best ingredients for you
to enjoy its delectable taste.
Stories are made up of four important elements:
Setting. Tells the reader where and when the story takes place.
Characters. The people, and in some stories, the animals that take part in
the story.The description of the personalities of the characters in the story and
the way in which an author reveals their personalities.
Two Identifications of Characters: Protagonist – the hero of the story
and Antagonist – the villain in the story who is always opposing the protagonist
Methods of Characterization for creating Believable Characters
Indirect: physical appearance speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of the
character, speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of other characters.
Direct: the narrator’s direct comments about a character.
Plot. The chain of related events that take place in a story. Built around conflict,
which is a struggle between opposing forces.
The plot is the sequence or order of events in a story.
The plot includes:
Exposition Statement.The part of the plot that tells how the story begins.
Rising Action.The action in the story leading up to the climax.
Conflict.The struggles or problems between opposing forces.
2. Climax.The point of crisis in the plot. It may be the reader’s point of
highest interest.
Falling action.The action in the story after the climax is revealed.
Resolution.The part of the plot that reveals the final outcome.
Types of Conflict
Man vs. Man
-Man vs. Nature
-Man vs. Obstacle or Society
- Man vs. Supernatural Being
-Man vs. Himself
Theme. The main idea of a story. It is not a moral, lesson, or a rule for
living.
Reporter: Bernard C. Tandayag
3. Title: The Elements of Drama
References:
Soriano-Baldonado, R. Readings from World Literatures: Understanding
People’s Cultures, Traditions and Beliefs ( A Task-based Approach).Quezon City:
Great Books Publishing. 2013
Cabrera, E. (2015). Elements of Drama. Retrieved at: http://www.slideshar
e.net/ericsoncabrera/elements-of-drama.Retrieved on December 9, 2015.
Lesson Proper:
DRAMA
Drama is a composition in prose form that presents a story entirely told in
dialogue and action and written with the intention of its eventual performance
before an audience.
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
SETTING
Setting identifies the time and place in which the events occur. It consists of the
historical period, the moment, day and season in which the incidents take place. It
also includes the sceneries in the performance which are usually found in the
preliminary descriptions.
CHARACTERS
Characters are the people in the play and thus considered as the principal
material in a drama.
Character Aspects
Physical
Physical identifies peripheral facts such as age, sexual category, size, race and
color. It deals with external attributes which may be envisaged from the
description of the playwright or deduced from what the characters say or what
other characters verbalize about his appearance.
Social
Social embraces all aspects that can be gleaned from the character’s
world or environment as exemplified by the economic status, occupation or trade,
creed, familial affiliation of the characters.
4. Psychological
Psychological discloses the inner mechanism of the mind of the character
as exemplified by his habitual responses, attitudes, longings, purposes, likes and
dislikes. It is considered as the most indispensable level of character
categorization because routines and emotions, thoughts, attitude and behavior
enable the readers to know the character intrinsically.
Moral
Moral discloses the decisions of the characters, either socially acceptable
or not, exposing their intentions, thus projecting what is upright or not
PLOT
Plot lays out the series of events that form the entirety of the play. It
serves as a structural framework which brings the events to a cohesive form and
sense.
Types of Plot
Natural Plot is a chronological sequence of events arrangement where actions
continuously take place as an end result of the previous action
Episodic Plot – each episode independently comprises a setting, climax, and
resolution; therefore, a full story in itself is formed.
Framework of a Plot
Beginning
Middle
Ending
Beginning identifies information about the place, such as geographical
location, social, cultural, political background or period when the event took place.
Exposition
Exposition is the point where the playwright commences his story. It
reveals the identity of story’s initial crisis.
Middle is composed of a series of difficulties:
Complications bring changes and alterations in the movement of the
action which take place when discovery of novel information, unexpected
alteration of plan, choosing between two courses of action or preface of new ideas
are revealed.
5. Crisis reveals the peak of anticipation in the series of incidents.
Middle is composed of a series of difficulties:
Obligatory Scene identifies the open collision between two opposing
characters or forces.
Discovery discloses points which are previously unknown, characterized
as something mysterious, strange, unfamiliar and thus revealed through objects,
persons, facts, values, or self-discovered.
Ending is the final major component of the story which brings the
condition back to its stability. This part brings satisfaction to the audience which
extends to the final curtain as peace is completely restored.
THEME
Theme is considered as the unifying element that defines the dramatized idea of
the play. It is the over-all sense or implication of the action. It defines the
problem, emphasizes the ethical judgment and suggest attitude or course of
action that eliminates the crisis is an acceptable way.
STYLE
Style refers to the mode of expression or presentation of the play which points
out the playwright’s position or viewpoint in life.
Major Dramatic Attitude
Realism
Realism is an accurate detailed, and life-like description in a play where
things are presented as real as can be set in actual life, with dialogues sounding
like day-to-day conversation.
Non-realism
Non-realism is method of presentation identified as something stylized or
theatricalized whereby artist uses his feral imagination in projecting his ideas.
TRAGEDY
Tragedy is a type of drama that shows the downfall and destruction of a
noble or outstanding person, traditionally one who possesses a character
weakness called a tragic flaw. The tragic hero, through choice or circumstance, is
caught up in a sequence of events that inevitably results in disaster.
6. COMEDY
Comedy is a type of drama intended to interest and amuse the audience
rather than make them deeply concerned about events that happen. The
characters overcome some difficulties, but they always overcome their ill fortune
and find happiness in the end.
TRAGICOMEDY
Tragicomedy is a play that does not adhere strictly to the structure of
tragedy. This is usually serious play that also has some of the qualities of comedy.
It arouses thought even with laughter.
FARCE
Farce is a play that brings laughter for the sake of laughter, usually
making use grossly embellished events and characters. It has very swift
movements, has ridiculous situations, and does not stimulate thought.
MELODRAMA
Melodrama shows events that follow each other rapidly, but seems to be
governed always by chance. The characters are victims in the hands of merciless
fate.
7. Reporter: Angelito T. Pera
Title: The Elements of the Poetry
References:
Soriano-Baldonado, R. Readings from World Literatures: Understanding
People’s Cultures, Traditions and Beliefs ( A Task-based Approach).Quezon City:
Great Books Publishing. 2013
Laga, J.(2015).Elements of Poetry.Retrieved at: http://www.slideshare.net/
/JackylineLagaa/types-and-elements-of-poetry.Retrieved on December 7, 2015.
Lesson Proper:
What is Poetry?
Poetry is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through
meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to evoke an emotional
response.
Poetry is the chiseled marble of language; it's a paint-spattered canvas -
but the poet uses words instead of paint, and the canvas is you.
Elements of poetry can be defined as a set of instruments used to create
a poem. Many of these were created thousands of years ago and have
been linked to ancient story tellings. They help bring imagery and emotion
to poetry, stories, and dramas.
Poetry
A unit of lines grouped together.Similar to a paragraph in prose. A
Stanza consists of two or more lines of poetry that together form one of
the divisions of a poem. The stanzas of a poem are usually of the same
length and follow the same pattern of meter and rhyme and are used like
paragraphs in a story. Some different types of stanzas are as follows:
Couplets - are stanzas of only two lines which usually rhyme
Tercets - are stanzas of three lines. The three lines may or may not have
the same end rhyme. If all three lines rhyme, this type of tercet is called a triplet.
Quatrains - are stanzas of four lines which can be written in any rhyme
scheme.
8. Couplet
•A stanza consisting of two lines that rhyme. Whether or not we find what
we are seeking is idle, biologically speaking. — Edna St. Vincent Millay (at the
end of a sonnet)
Quatrain
•A stanza consisting of four lines, Come, fill the Cup, and in the fire of
Spring
Your Winter garment of Repentance fling:
The Bird of Time has but a little way
To flutter--and the Bird is on the Wing.
Alternating Quatrain- a four line stanza rhyming "abab." From W.H.
Auden's "Leap Before You Look"
The sense of danger must not disappear: a
The way is certainly both short and steep, b
However gradual it looks from here; a
Look if you like, but you will have to leap. b
Envelope Stanza- a quatrain with the rhyme scheme "abba", such that
lines 2 and 3 are enclosed between the rhymes of lines 1 and 4. Two of these
stanzas make up the Italian Octave used in the Italian sonnet. This is from
Auden's "Look Before You Leap"
The worried efforts of the busy heap, a
The dirt, the imprecision, and the beer b
Produce a few smart wisecracks every year; b
Laugh if you can, but you will have to leap. a
Tone. The attitude a poet takes toward his/her subject, it refers to the
writer's attitude towards the subject of a literary work as indicated in the
work itself. One way to think about tone in poetry is to consider the
speaker's literal "tone of voice": just as with tone of voice, a poem's tone
may indicate an attitude of joy, sadness, solemnity, silliness, frustration,
anger, puzzlement, etc.
9. Mood. The attitude a reader takes toward his/her subject. It is one
element in the narrative structure of a piece of literature. It can also be
referred to as atmosphere because it creates an emotional setting
enveloping the reader. Mood is established in order to affect the reader
emotionally and psychologically and to provide a feeling for the narrative.
It is a complex reading strategy.
Imagery: Representation of the five senses: sight, taste, touch, sound,
and smell and it creates mental images about a poem’s subject
Visual imagery: visual descriptions so vivid they seem to come to life in the
reader's mind's when they are read, as in the description of a very old fish in
Elizabeth Bishop's poem titled "The Fish":
Here and there
his brown skin hung in strips
like ancient wall-paper,
and its pattern of darker brown
was like wall-paper:
shapes like full-blown roses
strained and lost through age
Auditory imagery: descriptions of sound so vivid the reader seems almost
to hear them while reading the poem. For example, Alexander Pope contrasts
the gentle sounds of a whispering wind and a soft-running stream with the
harsher sound of waves crashing on the shore in "Sound and Sense":
The sound must seem an echo to the sense:
Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently bows,
And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flow;
But when the loud surges lash the sounding shore,
The hoarse, rough verse should like the torrent roar. (365-69)
10. Images of smell (olfactory imagery): descriptions of smells so vivid they
seem almost to stimulate the reader's own sense of smell while reading, as in the
poem, "Root Cellar," by Theodore Roethke:
And what a congress of stinks!—
Roots ripe as old bait,
Pulpy stems, rank, silo-rich,
Leaf-mold, manure, lime, piled against slippery planks.
Nothing would give up life:
Even the dirt kept breathing a small breath. (5-11)
Tactile or "physical" imagery: descriptions conveying a strong, vivid sense
of touch or physical sensation that the reader can almost feel himself or herself
while reading, as in Robert Frost's description of standing on a ladder in "After
Apple Picking": "My instep arch not only keeps the ache, / It keeps the pressure
of a ladder-round. / I feel the ladder sway as the boughs bend" (21-23). Or in the
sensation of touch (and possibly taste) in the fourth stanza of Helen Chasin's
poem, "The Word Plum":
The word plum is delicious
pout and push, luxury of
self-love, and savoring murmur
full in the mouth and falling
like fruit
taut skin
pierced, bitten, provoked into
juice, and tart flesh. (1-8).
Diction. The Choice of words. Connotative:figurative/metaphorical
meaning. Denotative: literal /dictionary-based
Persona/Voice. The speaker of the poem.It is the way you present
yourself to the world, the character traits that you let show and the way
11. that people will see you. If you are true to yourself, then your persona
should reflect who you actually are.
Refrain.The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at certain intervals,
usually at the end of each stanza and similar to the chorus in a song.
The Raven
by
Edgar Allan Poe
And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted nevermore.
Repetition.A word or phrase repeated within a line or stanza, A word or
phrase repeated within a line or stanza, Sometimes, repetition reinforces
or even substitutes for meter (the beat), the other chief controlling factor of
poetry.
Humpty Dumpty
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall;
All the King's horses and all the King's men
Couldn't put Humpty together again
The repetition of a phrase in poetry may have an incantatory effect as in the
opening lines of T. S. Eliot's "Ash-Wednesday":
Because I do not hope to turn again
Because I do not hope
Because I do not hope to turn....
Sometimes the effect of a repeated phrase in a poem will be to emphasize
a development or change by means of the contrast in the words following the
identical phrases. For example, the shift from the distant to the near, from the
less personal to the more personal is emphasized in Coleridge's "Rime of the
Ancient Mariner" by such a repetition of phrases:
12. I looked upon the rotting sea,
And drew my eyes away;
I looked upon the rotting deck,
And there the dead men lay.
Rhyme Scheme
The pattern in which end rhyme occurs, The pattern in which end rhyme
occurs, Rhymes are types of poems which have the the repetition of the same or
similar sounds at the end of two or more words most often at the ends of lines.
This technique makes the poem easy to remember and is therefore often used in
Nursery Rhymes. There are several derivatives of the term rhyme which include
Double rhyme, Triple rhyme, Rising rhyme, Falling rhyme, Perfect and Imperfect
rhymes.
Theme
The theme of the poem talks about the central idea, the thought behind what the
poet wants to convey. A theme can be anything from a description about a
person or thing, a thought or even a story. In short a theme stands for whatever
the poem is about.
Symbolism
A poem often conveys feelings, thoughts and ideas using symbols, this technique
is known as symbolism. A symbol in poetry can stand for anything and makes the
reader take a systematic approach which helps him/her look at things in a
different light. A symbol is a poetry style that is usually thought of in the
beginning.
Literary Devices
Figurative Language. When the Author of a poem writes something, but
doesn’t really mean it literally.
Metaphor. A comparison NOT using like or as.
Simile. When you compare something using like or as.The river is
peaceful, like a new baby sleeping.
Personification. When human like qualities are given to an animal or
object.
Example: An overly gregarious puppy.A decrepit old car.
13. Irony. When something that wasn’t expected happens. Or when the
opposite of what is expected happens.
Musical Devices
Alliteration.When the same consonant sound is used throughout a piece
of writing. candy covered coconuts.
Assonance. When the same vowel sound is used in words throughout a
piece of writing That is the way we will pray today, okay?
Onomatopoeia word that expresses sound